2022年广州版英语八年级下册Unit4讲义 .pdf

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1、Unit 4 Cartoons and comic strips 一、短语归纳：ic strip 连环漫画2.pop out 张大，睁大3.decide on 决定4.video camera 摄像机5.play against 同比赛6.weather forecast 天气预报7.thank goodness 谢天谢地8.make it 获得成功9.think of 考虑，想起，记得What do you think of .？10.have a good idea 有个好主意11.think about 思考，考虑12.add.to. 把添加到13.sound effects 音响效果1

2、4.at the underground station 在地铁站15.look like 看上去像16.put.together 把放在一起17.the same as 与相同18.be different from 与不同19.a pair of 一双20.at the top of 在顶部21.look out=take care=be careful 当心22.pick up 捡起23.in trouble 在困境中二、重点词汇：1.appear+(to be )+adj. She appears (to be) happy at the news. 她听到这个消息时显得很开心。app

3、ear +to do sth You appear to travel quite a lot. 你好像走过很多地方。2. a bit of = a little 3.be ready to do sth. be/get ready for sth. 4.the same as和一样be different from 和不同5.look,sound,taste,smell,feel 连系动词后接形容词作表语。6. in trouble 在困境中1)sb. have trouble with sb./sth. 某人/某物有毛病I have trouble with my car. 2) have

4、 trouble/difficulty in doing sth. 做某事麻烦7.succeed in doing 做成某事8.laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人9.tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人做某事10.be used to do 被用来做used to do 过去常常做be used to doing 习惯于做三、知识点讲解与拓展：1.character ：n. 人物、角色Yue Fei is a great historical character. 2.think of 考虑、思考精选学习资料 - - - - -

5、- - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页I m thinking of going to Paris for vacation. 拓展： think of：想起、记起I can t think of his name. think of：对有某种看法，常用于“What do you think of ”句型中What do you think of the book？3.add to& add to add to把加到上Please add some salt to the water. add to 添加，增添（欢乐、困难等抽象名词）Do you ha

6、ve anything to add to the list? 4.record v. 录音I ve recorded the whole concert. 拓展： record n. 记录set the record创造记录break the record打破记录hold the record保持记录5.decide on 决定、选定What made you decide on Plan A? 6.basic adj. 基础的，基本的拓展： base basis (n.)基础 basic (adj.)基本的basically (adv,)基本上7.Here it is. 以 here和 t

7、here开头的句子，若后面的主语为人称代词，主谓不倒装；若后面的主语为名词，主谓倒装。Here you are. 给你。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。8.forget v. 忘记forget to do 忘记要做某事（动作没发生）I forget to turn off the light. forget doing 忘记做过某事（动作已发生）I forget opening the door. 9.look like 看上去像Tom looks like his father. 拓展：提问长相：What do/ dose sb. look like? 提问性格：Wha

8、t is sb. like? 10. appear v. 显得，看来，似乎A woman suddenly appeared in the doorway. 拓展： appear （to be）+ adj./ n. She appears (to be) happy at the news. appear to do sth. You appear to travel quite a lot. 11. a little & a bit 1) 两者都可以作副词用，用来修饰形容词（原级或比较级），或动词。I m a little/ bit hungry. 2) 用作形容词做定语时， a littl

9、e 修饰不可数名词，而a bit 后面加 of 再加不可数名词。There s a little water.= There s a bit of water. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页12. be ready to do sth. 已完成某事，准备好做某事The contract will be ready to sign in two weeks. 拓展： be/ get ready for sth. 为做好准备Are you ready for your teast? 13. as well as

10、并且，还。用来连接并列成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一主语保持一致。She is clever as well as beautiful. 14. how to do 疑问词 + to do I don t know how to do it. 拓展： what to do做什么where to go去哪里why to do 为什么做15. Don t+ 动词原形 . 否定祈使句，意为“不要，禁止”Don t play jokes on me, will you? 中考链接-I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you

11、? -I haven t decided where _. A. go B. went C. going D. to go 16. the same as 和一样The twins look the same as each other. 拓展： be different from 与不同考点结合 London was different _ most European capitals. London was not _ _ _ most European capitals. (同义句转换 ) 17. look 连系动词，意为“看起来，看上去” ，厚街形容词作表语。Alice looks h

12、appy today. 拓展：连系动词还有：be(是), look(看起来 ), feel(摸上去 ), seem(似乎是 ), appear(似乎、显得 ), prove(证明是 ), smell(闻起来 ), taste(尝起来 ), sound(听起来 ), turn, get, become( 三个变得 )等18. Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事在 let 引导的祈使句中， sb 可以是名词，也可以说代词的宾格。Let him go. let 是使役动词，常用的使役动词还有：make，have，leave等。考点结合 : They made me repeat the s

13、tory. ( 改成被动态 ) _. 19. a pair of+ 不可数名词 / 可数名词的复数a pair of shoes 20. look out= pay attention to 当心、注意Look out！There is a car coming ！拓展： look out of 向外看She stopped writing and looked out of the window. 21. pick up 捡起，拾起She pick up a flower on the road. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第

14、3 页，共 10 页拓展： pick up sth. 捡起某物，当 sth.是人称代词的宾格时，放在pick 之后，如： pick it up。当 sth.是名词时，可以放在pick up 中间或 up 之后，如： pick the pen up= pick up the pen 。22. in trouble 在困境中He s in trouble, let s help him. 拓展：与 trouble 相关的短语： get into trouble惹上麻烦have trouble（in）doing sth.做某事有困难23. success n. 成功I wish you succes

15、s with your studies. 拓展： succeed v. 成功。 succeed in doing sth. successful adj. 成功的。His business is successful. 24. 1) tell sb sth. 告诉某人某事He told me the reason. ( 改成被动句 ) _. ( I作主语 ) _. ( the reason 作主语 ) 2) tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事The teacher told him to clean the classroom. ( 改成被动句 ) _. tell sb.

16、not to do sth. 告诉某人不做某事He told us not to buy clothes in this store. 25. laugh at 嘲笑Don t laugh at him, please. 练习：1. What do you _ your hometown? It is very beautiful. I love it very much. A. look at B. talk about C. think of D. think over 2. When I was in the supermarket, I forgot _ money with me.

17、A.to take B.to taking C. taking D. bringing 3. Could you give me some advice? I dont know _. Why dont you wear this red shirt? A.when to wear B.what to wear C.how to wear D.where to wear 4. Most of my classmates dont like to talk to teir parents, but I am _ them. A.different from B.surprised at C. t

18、he same as D. proud of 5. Wheres your ticket? Show _ , please. A.me it B.it me C.me to it D.it to me 6. -Tom, _ read books while you are walking in the street. It s very dangerous. -OK, thank you. A. dontB. doesntC. wont D. cant7. He _ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag. A. pick

19、ed up B. threw away C. looked for D. handed in 8. I t sure our football team will _ this match.Were the best. A. win B. fail C. lose D. beat 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页9. Our teacher often tells us _ in the river. It s dangerous. A. dont swim B. not swim C. not to swim

20、D. not swimming 10. Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information _ in a short time. A.can be learned B.has been learned C.can learn D.has learned 四、语法被动语态（2）一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换We visited that factory last summer 主动语态主语谓语宾语状语That factory was visited by us last su

21、mmer 被动语态主语谓语宾语状语三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am / is / are + P.P. （1）Do they speak French ? （2）They dont use the room .Is French spoken by them? The room isn t used by them. 一般过去时was / were + p.p. （1） The hunter killed a tiger . （2） He wrote many stories last year . A tiger was killed by th

22、e hunter. Many stories was written by him last year. 现在进行时am / is / are +being +p.p. (1)These workers are building a new bridge. （2）He is mending his car . A new bridge is being built by these workers. His car is being mended by him . 过去进行时was / were + being + p.p. (1)He was selling books . (2)They

23、were discussing the plan at that time . Books were being built by him . The plan was being discussed by them at that time . 现在完成时have / has + been + p. p. (1)She has learned many English words. (2)He has finished the work. Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by h

24、im . 过去完成时had + been + p.p. (1)They has solved the problem . (2)We had told him the news by then . The problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us . 一般将来时shall / will be + p.p. （1） I shall make a plan . (2)They are going to fix the radio in an hour. A plan will be made by m

25、e . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour. 过去将来时would be + p.p. was/ were going to be + p.p. （1） He told me they would paint the room . （2） They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by them. A play was going to be put by them the next week. 情态动

26、词can / may / must / should + be + p.p. （1） We should hand in our homework . （ 2 ） You must answer the question in English . Our homework should be handed in by us. The question must be answered in English by you . 四. 如何正确使用被动语态1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变

27、成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to” 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）We are often told interesting stories by him. Interesting stories are often told to us by him. 常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass, send 等。2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和

28、宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to 被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to 还要还原。eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）复合宾语宾语补足语宾语She is often heard to sing this popular song . （被动语态） 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等。3. 有些“be +过去分词” 的结构并不是被动语态，它们可能是 “系表结构 （即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。 ”)()(.Fengpingb

29、yclosedisdoorThe.closedisdoorThe被动语态。这个门是由冯平来关的系表结构门是关着的。)()(.MarybybrokenwasglassThe.brokenisglassThe被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏系表结构。这个玻璃杯是坏的4. 只有及物动词和可接宾语的(动词 +介词 )词组才可以有被动语态, 如 look after 。)()(.ChinainplacetakenbeenhavechangesGreat.ChinainplacetakenhavechangesGreat错误正确)()(.seadeeptheinddisappearewasdolphinT

30、he.seadeeptheinddisappearedolphinThe错误正确五、不能用被动语态的情况1) 主动形式表示被动意义。某些感官系动词动词接形容词可以表示被动意义，如：look，smell，taste， feel， sound 等。eg： Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy. 语法练习：1. The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 2. This lis

31、tening material, together with its CD-ROMs, _well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold 3. The sports meeting _next month. A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held 4. Excuse me. Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The book you ask for_ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selli

32、ng D. will be sold 5. Annie _ to the party. She had a wonderful time with us. A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited 6. Many houses _ in the earthquake of April 20, 2013 in Yaan.（被动语态）比较： 1. 2. eg：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页A. is destroyed B. are destroy

33、ed C was destroyed D. were destroyed 7. Han Han s books are popular. They _ by many teenagers.A. is read B. was read C. are read D. were read 8. Teenagers _allowed to drive. A. should not be B. should be not C. not should be 9. At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More cha

34、nces _ to students to learn from each other. A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering 10. I want to borrow the book, but I dont know how long it may _. For two weeks. A. keep B. be borrowed C. borrow D. be kept 11. Many trees _ on the streets every years. So the air is very fresh now.

35、 A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted 12. Didnt you see the sign No Parking! on the right? Sorry, I didnt. But now I know parking _ here. A. wasnt allowed B. isnt allowed C. wont allow D. doesnt allow 13. From May 6, pedestrians( 行人 ) _10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beiji

36、ng traffic authorities.A. will fine B. were fined C. are fine D. will be fined 14.What languages _ in that country? German and English A. are speaking B. are spoken C. speak D. is spoken 15. A year has four seasons and it _ twelve different star signs. A. divided into B. is dividing into C. divided

37、into D is divided into 16. The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes 17. Clark, your room is really in a mess. It needs _ Sorry, mum. Ill do it at once. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. to be cleaned 18. “Frog”， Mo Ya

38、ns latest novel, please! Sorry, it _ just now. But it will come out again soon. A. sold out B. is sold out C. has sold out D. was sold out 19. Do you know Earth Day? Sure. It in 1970 to tell us to protect our planet. A. sets up B. set up C. is set up D. was set up 20A lot of trees _around here every

39、 year ，and we can enjoy fresher air now Awere planted Bare planted Cwill plant Da 完型填空There was a bridge over the river._1_often took some parts away. So Mr White , a farmer of fifty-two, _2_to watch it .He had neither wife nor children and lived in the house _3_the bridge . He worked hard and alway

40、s got up several times at night. So it was much _4_than before. Once the old man _5_to his sister birthday party. He asked two days leave and went there. He _6_much that day and fell to sleep as soon as the _7_was over. His sister had to carry him to a room with her husband. At midnight he _8_. He f

41、orget where he was and went out to see if the bridge 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页was all right. But he didn t _9_ it. He was surprised and told the police station about it on the _10_. Later on he forgot what _11_ that night and he returned to his house the following aft

42、ernoon. When he saw the bridge , he_12_ it all. He hurried to ring up the police station again and told them the bridge wasnt _13_.“It s too late , Mr Wh ite ,” said the officer . “We _14_ the criminal (罪犯) last night . The judge sentenced （判决） him to ten years in prison this _15_!”( ) 1. A.Everybob

43、y B. Someboby C. Nobody D. Anybody ( ) 2. A. told B. hoped C. was told D. was hoped ( ) 3. A. above B. on C. under D .at an end of ( ) 4.A. safe B. safer C. important D. more important ( ) 5. A. made B .was made C. asked D. was asked ( ) 6. A. drank B. smoked C. talked D. played ( ) 7. A. class B. l

44、esson C. dinner D. meeting ( ) 8. A. woke up B. stood up C. sat down D. lay down ( ) 9. A touch B. find C. hear D. build ( ) 10. A. letter B. report C. telephone D. exercise ( )11. A. happened B. was C. worried D. looked ( ) 12 A. saw B. watched C. said D. remembered ( )13. A. broken B. lost C. mend

45、ed D. hurt ( )14. A. missed B. killed C. knew D. caught ( ) 15. A. morning B. evening C. week D. month 阅读理解AWhen people talk about air pollution, they usually think of smog, acid rain ( 酸性雨 ), and other forms of outdoor air pollution. But did you know that air pollution also exists inside homes, off

46、ices, hotels and other buildings? The air in your home can be 2 to 100 times more polluted than the air outdoors! In fact, some American doctors say that 50% of illnesses have something to do with polluted indoor air. Air pollution influences our health in many ways. Young children and the old often

47、 suffer more from air pollution. People with health problems may also suffer more when the air is polluted. Indoor air pollution can harm peoples eyes, nose and throat. Air pollution, both indoor and outdoor, can also lead to lung cancer, heart disease, and even harm to the brain! In the great Londo

48、n fog in 1952, 4,000 people died in a few days 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页because of air pollution! It is said that half a million young kids and women die each year in India because of indoor air pollution! Therere many ways to reduce indoor air pollution. Here are som

49、e of them and see if they can help you：Increase the amount of outdoor air coming indoors and open your windows for 15 to 30 minutes each day. Turn off all the lights and fans when you dont need them. Share your room with others when the air conditioner is running. Dont smoke and try to stop your fam

50、ily members and relatives from smoking. People who smoke are going to have trouble breathing and even die someday. If youre smart, dont ever start. Environment-friendly products, such as water-based paints pollute less and work just as well. 1. According to the passage, _ is more serious in the writ