2022年高考第一轮复习语法复习—虚拟语气 .pdf

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1、年级高三学科英语版本人教实验版内容标题虚拟语气编稿老师谢小兆【本讲教育信息 】一. 教学内容：虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语中一种重要的语气形式，也是英语语法中一个重要的语法点。由于虚拟语气所涉及的内容比较广，一些语法书对其的阐述也很繁杂，所以同学们在学习过程中很难掌握其用法， 在使用过程中或考试时也很容易出错。为了便于大家理解和记忆，我对虚拟语气作了一个 “ 新” 归纳，供大家参考。虚拟语气的使用主要体现在三个方面：虚拟条件句、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用，以及虚拟语气的一些特殊用法。教学过程一、虚拟条件句虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可

2、能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时 (be 用 were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形例句：（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money n

3、ow, I would lend it to you. If I were you, I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him. （2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake.She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadnt been very busy.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be S

4、unday tomorrow. If he were to be given another chance to do it again, he could certainly achieve more. 1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if ，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页Had I been（= If I had been ） in t

5、hat situation ， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money. Should there be （= If there should be ） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：If we hadn t been working hard in the past few years ， things wouldnt be g

6、oing so smoothly. If the Party hadnt led the Chinese people to liberate the country，Chinese people would still live a life in pain and poverty. 3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with ，otherwise，without ，but for ，in that position ）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：But for the help from you ， I

7、 would not have had the chance to go to college. I would never mind you making such loud noises ， but， you see， my baby is in a deep sleep. It was so quiet ； you could have heard a pin drop. 二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、 建议或命令等。 根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should 类” 和“ 过去时态类 ” 。（一） should 类这一类的

8、虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should + 动词原形 ” 体现出来的， should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：1. 在 suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire， insist 等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once. The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible. He p

9、roposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development. 2. 与 suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist 等动词相对应的名词 suggestion，order， demand，proposal 等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：The general sent the order that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the

10、 enemy. My proposal is that we （should） set a deadline for handing in the plan. 3. 在 It is/was suggested （ordered， demanded， proposed， etc.） 结构以及necessary ， essential，important ，strange，natural 等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：It s requested that we （should） keep the stability of the society for the peoples pea

11、ceful life.It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页（二）过去时态类英语中， 还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1. wish ，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：He wished he had never been involved in such a

12、ffairs. I would rather you could teach me again. 2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man. He acted as usual as though nothing had happened. 3. 由 if only （要是，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：If only I had passed the test！If only it stopped raining ！4. It is（about/high） time 后的

13、定语从句。如：It is time we went out for a walk. It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment. 三、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：Would you mind smoking here ？May you be lucky ！Long live the people of China ！God save me. 【典型例题】1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water

14、, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 解析： 答案为 C。本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if 引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。2. I didn t see your sister at the meeting. If she _, s

15、he would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 解析： 答案为D。本题考查的是if 条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if 从句中用had+过去分词。3. If he _, he _that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been w

16、arned; would not have taken 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 解析：答案为 B。 本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。【模拟试题】（答题时间： 20 分钟）1. I d just as soon _ rudely to her. A. you

17、not speak B. your not speaking C. you didnt speak D. you hadn t spoken2. _, Id have done it myself. A. If I would have known it B. If I had have known it C. Had I known it D. Should I known it 3. We prefer that the plan _ before being put into execution. A. will be fully discussed B. be fully discus

18、sed C. must be fully discussed D. would be fully discussed 4. If only we _ then the disease was curable.A. knew B. could know C. had known D. would have known 5. If you _ my advice, you _ your failure now. You _ your victory. A. took . wouldnt cry over . would celebrateB. had taken . wouldnt have cr

19、ied over . would have celebratedC. had taken . arent crying over . are celebratingD. had taken . wouldnt be crying over . would be celebrating6. It was urgent that he _ her immediately. A. calls B. called C. call D. would call 7. Its high time that something _ to prohibit selling fa ke commodities.

20、A. must be done B. was done C. be done D. were done 8. He insisted that we all _ in his office at one oclock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be 9. _, Id have done it myself. A. If I would have known it B. If I had have known it C. Had I known it D. Should I known it 10. There was a traffic jam;

21、 otherwise I _ here on time.A. would be B. had been C. should be D. would have been 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页【试题答案】1. 【答案】 C。【解析】 would just as soon (=would rather, had rather 或 had just as soon)意为“宁愿”，后接从句时，其从句谓语动词要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。2. 【答案】 C 。【解析】 if 条件句中包含有should, had, w

22、ere 则可省去if 并把should, had, were 移到句首，构成倒装句式，而意思不变。3. 【答案】 B 【解析】此句考点是虚拟语气。及物动词 advise, agree, ask, beg, command, decide, demand, determine, dictate 等后面的宾语从句须用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的形式是should+动词原形，should 可以省去，因此选B。4. 【答案】 C【解析】 if only 引导的句子用虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反时，动词用过去完成时。5. 【答案】 D。【解析】当主句与从句时态不一致时，主句与从句分别使用与各自时态相应的虚拟语

23、气。此句中从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反，因而选项D 正确。6. 【答案】 C。【解析】在It is/was urgent that 句型中， that 引导的从句谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”形式，should 可以省略。类似的形容词还有necessary, advisable, desirable, vital 等。7. 【答案】 B。【解析】 Its high time. 结构后应使用虚拟语气，something 在这里应接过去时态单数谓语动词 was。故选 B。8. 【答案】 A。【解析】“insist”一词意思是“坚决要求”时，后面的句子用虚拟语气，即宾语从句的谓语用

24、 (should)+动词原形。9. 【答案】 C。【解析】 if 条件句中包含有should, had, were 则可省去if ，并把should, had, were 移到句首，构成倒装句式，而意思不变。10. 【答案】 D。【解析】此题中前半句是一个陈述句，后半句中otherwise 相当于一个虚拟的条件从句“If the traffic had not been very busy ” ，是对过去的情况的一个假设，因此主句中的谓语要用“ would have done”的形式。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页