2022年高中英语之特殊句式教案 .pdf

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1、1 特殊句式一、倒装“ 主语+谓语” 是英语句子的最基本结构。如果把谓语放在主语之前，该句就成倒装结构。1、完全倒装：谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子，便(1) 在 there be结构中There stands an old tree on the top of the hill. (2) 在表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语，如：here, there, now, then ,up , down ,in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall 等置于句首，且以名词作主语的句子Here comes the bus. Away flew the birds

2、. Out went the children. Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。【注意】主语是代词就不用倒装，即主谓语序不变。Away ran the thief. Away he ran. 2、部分倒装只把谓语的一部分多为助动词或情态动词置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。(1) 否认词 hardly, seldom, never, rarely， in no way, under no circumstances, by no means, not only ， but also, not until(2) 表示否认或者半否认意义的副词，介词短语，连词等置于句首。否

3、认副词 never, nor,not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否认意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时要倒装，不在句首则用正常语序。Never have I seen such a performance. Hardly do I think possible to finish the job before dark. = I hardly think it possible to

4、finish the job before dark. 练一练1. Never in my wildest dreams _B_ these people are living in such poor conditions. A. I could imagine B. could I imagine C. I couldn t imagine D. couldn t I imagine2. Only then _D_ how much damage had been caused. A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized

5、 D. did she realize (3) so 放在句首，So + adj. /adv that，意为 “ 如此 以至于 ” 后接表语或状语，再跟that 从句， so后面的 主句要倒装，而 that 引导的 从句不倒装 。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. So easy is that a boy can learn in. 如此容易，以至一个孩子都能学会。练一练? So difficult_B_it to work out the problem that I decide

6、d to ask Tom for advice. A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found ?_B_that Marci was able to set up new branches elsewhere. A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business 4 so +be助动词情态动词+主语，意为

7、 “ 也” That man is a doctor, so is his wife. He likes pop music very much, so do I . 此句型也可写成“ it is the same with”，或 “so it is with”。They love having lots of friends, “ it is the same with me./so it is with me.”so 开始的简短反应如果是对别人说的情况加以肯定，对前面内容的肯定或附和，句子不可使用倒装。试比较： A： I was afraid. A: I was afraid. B: So

8、 was I. B: So you were. neither/nor + be/ 助动词情态动词+主语，意为 “ 也不这样 ” 。I ve never been abroad. Neither has she.The boy can t swim and neither / nor can the girl.此句型也可写成“it is the same with”，或 “so it is with”。Lily can t ride, it is the same with Lucy/ so it is with Lucy 练一练1. It s burning hot today, isn t

9、 it? Yes, _A_ yesterday. A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it 2. My room gets very cold at night. _C_ A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does (5) only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时要倒装。Only then did I understand why she did so. Only in this way can you study English well. Onl

10、y when the war was over in 1880 was he able to continue this work. 使用特点： 在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则需找助动词来“ 帮助 ” 它构成倒装句。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页2 Only after the war he learned the sad news. (X) _ only 修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装，主句要部分倒装。Only when he returned did we find out the truth. on

11、ly 修饰主语时，句子不可倒装. Only mother can understand me. e.g. _B_snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring 对名词或中心词是名词感慨时，用what 引导；对形容词或副词感慨时，用ho

12、w 引导。(6) as，though 引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况表语的倒装 : Young as/ though he is , he knows some of the family secrets. Strange as/though it seems , it is true. 谓语动词的倒装Try as I might,I couldn t lift the stone.Search as they would here and there, they could find nothing in the room. 状语的倒装，Much as he likes the bik

13、e,he doesnt want to buy it.Hard as I studied , I could not catch up with them. 如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词Child as he is, he can carry the big box. Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English best. 练一练_A_,Tom couldn t make the door open. A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. she might as try

14、 D. might she as try 二、强调It is/was+ 被强调部分 +that/who+ 句子剩余成分所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语或状语等，但不能是定语或谓语We called on Prof. Wang at his office this morning. 今早我们到王教授的办公室拜访了他。- It was we who/ that called on Prof. Wang at his office this morning. -It was Prof. Wang who/ that we called on at

15、his office this morning. (1) 这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is ( was)提前，即： Is/Was it +被强调部分 +that/who + 句子剩余成分。Was it your brother who works in that company? (2) 特殊疑问句的强调句型只需在一般疑问句前加上特殊疑问词，即：特殊疑问词+ is/was + it + that + 句子剩余成分. Who was it that wrote these famous plays? Where was it that you picked up the wallet? 1. I

16、t was along the Mississippi River _C_ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where 2. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _D_ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where not until句型的强调句其强调句式为： It is/was not until + 被强调部分 + that +其他成分。 此句型只用until ，不用 till 。

17、但如果不是强调句型，till ，until可通用；He didn t go to bed until ten o clock. It was not until ten o clock that he went to bed.I didn t realized she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that realized she was a famous film star_ 强调句型中的it 与作形式主语的

18、it 可根据能否恢复原句来判断，即把It is/was 和 that 去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能构成一个完整的句子，这就是强调句型，否则就不是。It is there that we met each other. It is clear that not all boys like football. 【注意】强调句型与It is/was + 时间 + when/before 从句的区别在“It is/was + 时间 + when/before 从句 ” 中， it 指时间， when/before 引导的是时间状语从句。注意两种句型“ 时间 ” 表达方式的不同。It was at mid

19、night that I got back home yesterday. It was midnight when/betore I go back home yesterday. 强调句型，被强调的是时间状语，因此用介词短语表达；一般句型，时间以名词的方式表达，用来作表语。练一练? It was _D_ he came back from Africa that year _ he met the girl he would like to marry. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页3 A. when; t

20、hen B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when ? 【注意】 ?It is/wasthat/who 结构不能强调谓语。如果需要强调谓语，用助动词do，did 或 does。I do hope you ll stay to lunch. Do come here tomorrow. He did attend the meeting. ?I _A_ hope that every one of us will be successful in our studies. A. do B. did C. does D. doing ? I ve

21、been studying the science of outer space for the last ten years and now I still_A_. A. am B. do C. be D. have 三、反意疑问句主要考查主从复合句和并列句的反意疑问句1、陈述部分含有must 的反意疑问句(1) 当 must 作 “ 必须 ” 讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn t；当含有mustn t不允许、禁止时，其反意疑问部分用must/may。You must go home right now, needn t you? 你必须得现在回家，对吗？You mustn t walk o

22、n grass，must you? 你不能践踏草地，不是吗？(2) 当 must/may( might) 表示 推测 ，即 must 作“ 一定，准是 ” 讲，分 2 种情况：(3) 对现在的推测：看 must 后面的动词(2) 对过去的推测：存在于must have+ 过去分词 时，有以下两种情况： 有过去时间状语，如last night, yesterday 等，反问部分的谓语动词为didn t + 主语没有具体得而过去时间状语。反问部分用havent/ hasn t + 主语。You must/may (might) be tired now,_aren t you_? You must

23、 have seen the film, _haven t you_? He must have met her yesterday, _didn t you_? 2、陈述部分谓语动词为ought to/used to的反意疑问句其反意疑问部分可采取两种形式；He used to live in Chin a, usedn t /didn t he?She ought to know about it, oughtn t/shouldn t she?3、陈述部分含有否认词或半否认词的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有no, no one, neither, nor, none of, seldom，ha

24、rdly，scarcely，never，few，little ，nothing，nobody 等否认词或半否认词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。You have never been to Beijing, have you? Nothing is wrong with your TV set, is it? 【注意】如果陈述部分含有由表示“ 否认 ” 意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否认式。He was unsuccessful, wasn t he?She looked unhappy, didn t she?4、陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句(1) 当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，

25、反意疑问部分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn t he?(2) 陈述部分的主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess, expect,imagine，且主句主语为第一人称时，反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致；但动词不是一般现在时或一般过去时，疑问部分和主句的主语和谓语一致。陈述部分的主句主语为第二、三人称时，后面的疑问部分与主句的主语、谓语一致。I think the question is difficult, isn t it?I don t

26、 think he can finish the work, can he? We had never thought that it was going to be so difficult, hadn t we?You don t think I am wrong, do you?Nancy doesn t believe that it is a good idea to buy the bigger computer, does she?5、祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：(1) 否认祈使句， +will you? (2) 肯定祈使句， + w

27、ill/won t you?(3) Let s , +shall we? Let us , + will/won t you?(4) Let +第三人称 ，+will you? Open the door , will/won t you?Let s go out for a walk, shall we? Let us go home now, will /won t you?6、答复反意疑问句时应遵循的原则不管是陈述部分为否认，还是附加问句为否认，答复时只看所提到的事情是否已会发生。如果发生了，用肯定答复，否用否认答复。如当对方问你You aren t a teacher，are you?

28、或 You are a teacher，arent you?时，你只要听懂you 和 teacher两个单词即可，如果你是老师，答复Yes，I am.否则，答复No，I am not?要么肯定到底，要么否认到底，不要出现类似于Yes，I don t或 No， I do.的形式。 ?体验高考：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页4 1.He must be helping the old man to water the flowers,_B_? A. is he B. isn t he C. must be D. mu

29、stn t he2. Sally s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theater, _B_? A. hasn t she B. has she C. isn t she D. is she3. It s the first time that he has been to Australia, _C_? A. isn t he B. hasn t he C. isn t it D. hasn t it 四、省略一、定语从句中的省略现象定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which， whom 常可以省略。That is the naughty

30、 boy (whom/ that) we talked last week. 二、状语从句中的省略现象1当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be 动词，He won t come unless (he is) invited.I learned much of mechanics while (I was) at school. 机械2. 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语动词部分没有be 动词时，如果从句的谓语可以用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词代替，则可以省略主语，如：After she sang, she left the rich m

31、an s house. After singing, she left the rich man s house.3. 如果状语从句的主语和谓语部分是it is/ was 时， it is / was 可以省略，此时构成“ 连词 (if ，unless，when，whenever 等)+形容词 ” 作状语。如：When ( it is ) necessary you can help us to do something. 另外，我们还可以用so 或 not 代替上文内容，此时可有“if +so/not”省略句式。Get up early tomorrow. If not ( lf you d

32、on t get up early) , you will miss the first bus.He may not be at home then. If so ( If he is not at home) ,leave him a note. ? 【注意】 ?当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略。Her father told her to be careful when ( she was) crossing the street. 这时从句中可出现如下结构：(1) 连词 ( as， as if，once) +名词Once( he was) a teacher, he

33、now works in a government office. (2) 连词 though，whether，when+形容词Work hard when(you are) young, or you ll regret.(3) 连词 (whether，as if，while) + 介词短语He looked everywhere as if( he was)in search of something. (4) 连词 ( when，while ，though) +现在分词When (I am) in trouble, I always turn to her for help. (5) 连

34、词 when， if，even if，unless, once, than,as +过去分词The exhibition is more interesting than( it was) expected. (6) 连词 as if，as though +不定式He opened his lips as if( he were) to speak. 三、 不定式的省略1 单独使用不定式符号to， 代替动词不定式后被省略的部分，常用在 be afraid, expect, forget,hope, intend,like,love, mean,prefer, refuse , seem,try

35、,want,wish 等后边。He invited me to have dinner with him, but I didn t want to (have dinner with him).2如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have 和 have been。如：-Are you a sailor? -He hasn t finished yet.-No, but I used to be. -Well, he ought to have. 3不定式充当宾语补足语在see, hear, feel, watch, make, have 等感官动词和使役动词后

36、，省略to，但在被动语态中须把to补上。例如 ; We saw the car stop. The car was seen to stop. 4否认形式的省略用not to. -Shall I go instead of him? -I prefer you not to . 5不定式符号to 用在 have，need，ought， be going，used等后面I didn t want to go there, but I had to. 6. 不定式符号to 用在某些形容词，如glad,happy,pleased,delighted 等后面。-Will you join in the

37、 game? -l d be glad to .7. 当 but 意为 “ 除去，除开 ” ，做介词时，前有动词do，其后 to 多省略；前是其他动词，其后则保留。Tom had nothing to do but have a rest. 五、祈使句和感慨句一、祈使句1否认式和强调式Don t open the door. Never say that again. Please don t forget to take your medicine.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页5 Do tell him wh

38、en you see him.2带主语的祈使句(1) 为了加强语气或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时，需加主语“you”，有时还可同时加称呼语。Tom, you water the flowers. (2) 命令吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时，祈使句需带主语“you”，还可同时带称呼。You, girls, clean the desks; you,boys, sweep the floor. (3) 在表达 “ 不高兴，厌烦 ” ，等情绪时，可带主语“you”。You mind your own business! 否认式为，要把dont 放在主语you 之前，如：Don t you do tha

39、t again.(4) 祈使句的主语除了用“ you”外，还可用 “ everybody ，everyone，somebody，someone” 等，它们可以放在句末。Be quiet， everyone ！3祈使句 +and +陈述句句 =if .+ 主句Work hard and you will succeed= lf you work hard, you will succeed. 二、感慨句1基本构成形式(1) What( +a/an) + 形容词 +名词 +主语 +谓语！What a beautiful picture it is! (2) How + 形容词 + a/an +单数

40、 可数名词 +主语 +谓语！How wonderful a plan you have made! = What a wonderful plan you have made! 【注意】在复数可数 名词和 不可数 名词之前不可用“ how+ 形容词” 构成感慨句，而只能用 what 。(正) What great changes we have had these years! 误 How great changes we have had these years! (正) What good news it is! 误 How good news it is! (3)How + 形容词副词

41、+主语 +谓语！How kind the girl is! How fluently she speaks English! 2省略形式的感慨句3(1) how 直接修饰谓语动词：How + 主语 +谓语！How the wind blows! 风真大啊！(2) 省略主语和谓语How interesting (it is)! What a clever boy (he is)! 练一练：1. _D_ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. ) A. How interesting B. How an intere

42、sting C. What interesting D. What an interesting 2. Mary, _D_ here everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming 一、特殊句式试题演练1.(2016 河北保定二模Professor Salovery, who invented the term EQ, gives the following description:At work,it is the EQ that gets you promoted. 2. (2016 天津

43、.13 改编 You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists. 3. (2015 安徽合肥名校联考It was not the word you said that angered Mr.Zhang,but how you said it. 4. 2015 天津 3Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize (realize)that she has left the contract at home. 5.

44、 (2014 陕西 17 No sooner had Mo Yan steeped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 6. (2017 江西师范大学附中模拟Wasn t it the icy road rather than the driversthat was to blame for the series of traffic accidents? 7. (2017 湖南五市十校联测You should be fully prepared before going walking in the m

45、ountain.Above all, bring (bring)plenty of drinking water with you. 8. (2016 江苏 Not until recently _did_ they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. 9. (2015 北京 31 If (you are )accepted (acceptfor the job ，you ll be informed soon.10. (2016 北京 24 Observe observecar

46、efully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 11 .(2016 重庆 10I spent two weeks in London last summer. Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, didn t you? 12.(2016天津卷 ) Give me a chance, _and_ Ill give you a wonderful surprise. 13. (2017 四川宜宾二诊“Only two centim

47、eters high er, and you will break the world record,” encouraged the coach.14. (2016 山东部分重点中学联考Yes, of course they celebrate Christmas here, and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets, but there seem to be no signs of Christmas averts. 15. (2017 江西南昌三中检测Where did you have the dis

48、cussion with Professor Snow? It was in the classroom where we had a biology lesson that we had the discussion. 16. (2017 安徽江南十校联考With so many good friends together with you,you must have been happy during the past National 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页6 Golden Week, weren

49、t you? 二、强化训练1.短文改错This morning,when I was walking on the streets,I saw that two travelers were reading a map,looked puzzled. It seemed that they were lost.I went up and asked what I could help them.They told me they are looking for the Temple of Heaven.I led them to nearest bus stop and advised the

50、m to take them to take Bus No.20,who could take them there directly.They were appreciated my help greatly.Short after that,the bus came and waved goodbye each other.This was seeing them on the bus that I felt a kind of satisfaction. 1.streets改为 street 2.Looked 改为 looking 3.What 改为 how/if/whether 4.A