2022年高中英语必修五知识点外研版 .pdf

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1、名师总结优秀知识点必修五 Module 1 confuse confuse(vt.) confusion(n.) 联想：（confuse with/and.）（in confusion）把 和 混淆困惑地；混乱地confusing (adj.) confused (adj.) compare (v.)-comparison(n.) 把 A 和 B 比较 compare A with B 把 A 比作 / 比喻为 B compare A to B 比起 ,与 相比 (作状语 ) compared with /to 比得上 compare with 无与伦比beyond comparison 与

2、比较 in comparison 相比之下by comparison differ (vi)different(adj.)difference (n.) 在 方面不同 differ in = be different in 区分 和 Tell the difference betweenand.不同于differ from = be different from和某人在 方面differ with sb. on sth. 有影响，使不同make a difference 对 有影响 have an effect on=have an influence on =affect =influenc

3、e It makes a big difference to your life whether you take an optimistic attitude or not. 你是否采取乐观的态度对你的人生有很大的影响。common 有很多 / 有一些 / 几乎没有 / 没有共同点have much(a lot)/everything/ nothing(little) in common 和 一样 in common with lead lead to +doing/n通往，通向；导致，招致lead sb to sp. 带领某人到某地lead sb to do sth. 使某人做某事，领某人

4、干某事命题方向：1). lead to + doing/ being done 2).leading to 作定语或状语。disappoint, embarrass, move, frighten, amaze, interest, surprise, tire, terrify, excite, satisfy, . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页名师总结优秀知识点3). 含介词的短语动词用在定语从句中，考察句中的谓语动词。短语 lead to 中， to 为介词，总结一下“ 动词 +介词 to ” 的常用短

5、语pay attention to 注意devote to 献身于stick to 坚持 be used to 习惯于belong to 属于object to 反对get down to开始认真做 . contribute to 为.做贡献pay a visit to 参观 ;拜访difficulty have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing 做某事有一些/ 没有困难There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth. There is some/no difficulty with sth. （注意： difficul

6、ty 为不可数名词）have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing 做某事有一些/ 没有困难There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth. There is some/no difficulty with sth. （注意： difficulty 为不可数名词）attempt attempt to do/ attempt at doing. 试图做 ;尝试做 make an/no attempt to do (没有 )试图 /打算做 at one s first attempt (to do) 第一次尝试做add add

7、to 把 加到 上add to 增加add up 把 加起来add up to总计必修五 Module 2 offer n/v 表示愿意做，主动给予提出，提供（买方）出价/ charge （卖方）收费，要价精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页名师总结优秀知识点offer/provide /supply 提供给某人某物offer sb sth/offer sth to sb provide sb with sth/ provide sth for sb supply sb with sth/ supply sth to

8、 sb 主动提出做某事:offer to do apply v apply sth to 应用New technology is applied to almost every industrial process. (工业流程 ) apply oneself to 致力于；专心于If only he applied himself to study, he would do better in it. apply for 申请Before applying for the post, you have to fill in the application form. 【拓展】applican

9、t n. 申请人表示“致力于；专心于”的短语：be lost/ buried /involved/ absorbed/ occupied in concentrate/ focus/ fix .on be devoted / addicted/ abandoned to (沉迷于 ) demand: n. (非常 / 很)受欢迎的in (good) demand 需要 ,需求 (尤指顾客 ) demand for sth./ sb. 对某人做某事的要求demand for sb. to do sth. demand 可加 n. / Pro./ To do / that 从句作宾语。注意：不能说

10、 :demand sb to do sth 必修五 Module3 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页名师总结优秀知识点1. account v./n. on account of 由于Take into account烤鱼On no account绝不 accounted for解释bank account 银行账户as if as if 引导的从句作表语。as if = as though 好像，似乎 , 主要用于引导状语从句和表语从句。当前面有系动词look, seem, taste, smell, keep

11、, sound 等时，如果表示的可能性较大，与事实较一致时，谓语动词用陈述语气。as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况：从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。You look as if you did not care. (实际上关心 ) 从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had 过去分词 ” He talked about Paris as if he had been there before. （实际上以前没去过）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形 ” 。It looks as if it might snow. （实际上不会下雪）分词作

12、定语1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you )He is the man stopped by the car.( = who was stopped by) 2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生分词作状语精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页名师总结优秀知识点连词 +分词 (短语 ) 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。如： when ，while ，if though，after,

13、before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个分词作补语通常在感官动词和使役动词和like, want, wish, order等表示 “ 希望 ”“要求 ”等意义的动词之后分词作表语分词作插入语:其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking一般说来strictly speaking 严格的说judging from 从 判断all things considered 从整体来看taking all things into consideration全面看来分词的时态1). 与主语动词同时(not) doing2）先于主动词（ not ）hav

14、ing done 独立主格结构：在用分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语一般必须与句子主语一致。如不一致，分词须带上自己的逻辑主语。常表伴随的动作或情必修五 Module 4 Pretend pretend +that 假装 pretend to do sth. 假装要做某事pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事pretend to have done sth.假装已经做过某事类似用法精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页名师总结优秀知识点happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事happen to

15、 be doing 碰巧正在做某事appear to be 似乎是consider sth. to be/as 把 当作book book 意为预定（票，位子等）order 意为订货，定购常用作及物动词，还可以意为点菜（饭，酒，饮料）既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。dress dress 的用法：dress sb./ oneself=(sb).be dressed in dress(oneself) up wear 的用法：强调状态(穿着 ,穿衣戴帽 ,戴首饰 ,带笑容 ) put on 的用法：强调动作(穿上) - 反义词take off 必修五 Module 5 win win vt

16、. &vi. 其宾语不是竞争对手而是war, game, prize, match, battle, competition等名词。beat 和 defeat两者的宾语是竞争对手advantage have an advantage over sb./sth 比某人有优势take advantage of 利用机会等；某人的处境、弱点等to one s advantage =to the advan tage of sb. 对某人有利chance (the) chances are (that) ./ The chance is that .很可能 . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - -

17、 - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页名师总结优秀知识点(It is likely / probable / possible that)There is no chance that .不可能 There is a chance that /of 有可能 seize /grasp a chance 抓住机会take a chance /take chances 冒险，碰运气by chance /by accident 碰巧倍数(1).倍数表达法：倍数 + as . as. This room is four times as big as that one

18、. 这个房间是哪个房间的四倍大。The road is twice as long as that one. 这条路是那条路的2 倍长。(2). 倍数的其他结构：倍数+ adj./adv. 的比较级 + than. 倍数 + the + 名词（ size,length, height,width.）+ of . This room is twice bigger than mine. 这个房间是我房间的2 倍大。= This room is twice the size of mine. 状语从句时间状语从句其连词有：when, before, after, as soon as, as, w

19、hile, hardly hadwhen, scarcely had when, no sooner had than, till / until, since, the moment, by the time 等，条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless, (if not) , on condition that , as long as。注意：有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：Give him an inch and he ll take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, he ll take a mile.

20、) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页名师总结优秀知识点但：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or 或 otherwise， 如：Start at once, or / otherwise you ll miss the train. (= If you don t start at once, ) 让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although, even if/ even though, no matter who/ what/ when / where/ which / how ( whoev

21、er, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however) whoever, whatever, whichever还可引导名词从句。而 no matter who/ what/ which 只能引导让步状语从句? He didn t want to be disturbed, no matter who wanted to see him. = He didn t want to be disturbed, whoever wanted to see him. ? I ll give the books to whoever needs the

22、m as 引导让步从句。但as 一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（ though也可以） Tired as he was, he still went on with his work Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy itTry as he might, he didnt pass the exam. 原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有because, since, as , now that ? because: 语气最强，回答why 时用 because Why are you late? Because

23、there is a traffic jam. ? since: “ 既然 .”表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。Since you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time. ? as: “ 由于 .”语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result. ? for是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句；for不能精

24、选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页名师总结优秀知识点放在句首。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 比较状语从句比较状语从句主要用在形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的句子中。原级as as not so / as as 比较级 : 比较级 + than 最高级：最高级 +in / of / among no more than 和 not more than ? His education added up to no more than on

25、e year. ? They finished the project in not more than one year 两者中“ 较.的一个用the + 比较级The younger of the twin sisters is more consideration 必修五 Module 6 1. danger n. danger adj. dangerous V endanger in danger 处于危险中out of danger 脱离危险in danger of doing 有 的危险a danger to 对 来说是个危险的人或物endangered species濒危物种=s

26、pecies in danger struggle 词义： n. 努力 , 奋斗v. 努力 , 奋斗 , 挣扎;尽力挣扎 , 使劲移动短语：为.而奋斗 struggle for sth 与 .斗争 struggle against sb / struggle with sb 努力做某事，奋力做某事struggle to do sth 挣扎着站起来struggle to ones feet 状语从句省略从句与主句主语一致，且从句中谓语是be 动词。从句主谓是it is, 如 if it is necessary 省略成if necessary. focus n. focus of attention关注的焦点精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 10 页名师总结优秀知识点v. 集中注意力于focus one s attention on 集中于 .; 聚集于 . focus on 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 10 页