2022年高考完型填空题的解题技巧探究 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载高考完型填空题的解题技巧探究一、完形填空题解题的困难在所有的高考题型中，完型填空历来是学生失分较大的题型。究其原因首先是答题步骤上的失误。在完型填空的专项练习中多数学生担心时间紧, 草草处理通读文章的环节，甚至在未弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下，匆忙答题。其次是答题技巧积累的欠缺。学生在做完型填空练习中，成绩起伏大，连续错误多，常常忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系。另外， 遇到长难句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时随意做出选择，企图靠运气答题。再加上部分学生心理素质不过关。面对一篇短文多个挖空及几十个选项，易于产生恐惧或急躁的心理，缺乏自信心和良好的心理素质，答题的正确率

2、自然下降。二、完形填空题突破的途径（一）阅读部分的目标：1能理解文章的基本内容。2能根据上下文正确理解词语和句子。3能归纳文章的主旨大意。4能推测文章中的隐含意思。5能运用阅读技能完成不同文体的阅读任务。 上海卷考试手册英语学科的要求，?如果把以上阅读部分所要求的目标用于完形填空题，通常可以归纳为两个层面的考点，即：语境理解词汇辨析。（二）完形填空题解题的技巧高中英语教学提倡的是自主性教学方式，让学生在学习过程中充分发挥主动性、独立性和创造性，逐步形成主动学习、自我监控。自我评价和自我反思的学习风格。在高中阅读教学中，可以让学生根据文本的话题和题材，选择合适的阅读模式获取信息。原则 ： “ 逻

3、辑为纲，词汇为主，常识为辅” 。几个解题技巧的类型: 1原词重现型（reoccurrence）例 (1) This is what happens on long submarine voyages. It will also happen on _47_ space flights in the future. (20XX年节选 ) long B. fast C. dangerous D. direct 选项： A 例(2) Fiction writers often imagine they are the _63_ in their books. They ask questions:

4、What does this character want? Why can t she get it? (20XX 年节选 ) A. features B. themes C. creatures D. characters 选项： D例(3) Andrew Lloyd Webber s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process. When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when

5、 Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had _52_ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup. (20XX 年节选 ) A. Undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1

6、 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载选项： ASum up：在使用 “ 原词重现型 ” 的技巧时，应有意识地在前后文中寻找重复的信息点，特别注意提及到的同一事物，如例 (1)中漫长的水下航行和漫长的太空之旅；同一活动，如例 (2)中小说中的人物；同一情景，如例 (3)中音乐剧作品歌剧魅影所经历的修改。涉及到 “ 原词重现 ” 设空的选项一般为单词，该重复的单词常常出现在句与句间，当然不排除隐藏在段落与段落间。学生只要在阅读中始终处于积极、主动的状态，找到表层理解的重复信息点就不会有太大的困难。2. 近义复现型（similarity ）例(1) Through much of the past ce

7、ntury, ads spoke to an audience restricted to just a few radio or television channels or a _58_ number of publications. (20XX 年节选 ) limited B. minimum C. sufficient D. great 选项： A例(2) When you revise, you change aspects of your work in response to your evolving purpose, or to include _55_ ideas or n

8、ewly discovered information. (20XX 年节选 ) A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh 选项 : D例(3) (Para 2, 首句 ) Adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main cause of too much aggression in childrens sports .(Para 3, 首句 )As a society, we really need to face up to this problem and do something ab

9、out it. Parents and coaches _61_ should act as better examples for children. (20XX 年节选 ) A. in particular B. in all C. in return D. in advance 选项： ASum up: 和“ 原词重现型 ” 一样， “ 近义复现型 ” 技巧的灵活运用，同属于阅读的表层理解，即对文章的基本信息的掌握，一般通过略读、找读来理解文章大意，分清文章中的基本事实和辨别作者的观点。学生只需认真阅读空格前后的相关信息，从近义词中寻找线索。如例 (1)中意为 “ 限定 ” 的动词；例(

10、2)中的意为 “ 新鲜的 ” 的形容词； 例(3)中意为 “ 尤其是 ” 的副词。不难发现，在前后类似的语境中往往存在着意思相近和词性相同的单词或短语，学生只要注意到这些提示信息，势必容易做出正确的判断。3. 过渡衔接型(transition word): 例(1) _57_ manufacturing efficiently increased the variety of goods and lowered prices, people still relied on advertisements to get most information about products. (20XX

11、年节选 ) A. Just as B. The moment C. But for D. Although 选项： D 让步关系例 (2) _55_ the faults already found out in the education system as a whole such as child-centered learning, the “ discovery ” method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils there have been several serious errors which have a dir

12、ect effect on language teaching. (20XX精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载年节选 ) A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In spite of 选项： B 并列关系例(3) Think about your goal and the new possibilities. If your goal is to learn to ski, _60_, you can now practice skiing ever

13、y day of your life (because you have the time and the money). (20XX年节选 ) ?in fact B. in particular C. as a whole D. for example 选项： D 列举关系例(4) What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reor

14、dering,- _51_, revising. (20XX 年节选 ) ?in particular ?as a result ?for example ?in other words 选项 D 举例关系Sum up: 在语篇中，过渡性词汇常常用来连接前后文，增加文章的逻辑性和连贯性。句际之间的关系除了让步（例1） 、并列（例2） 、列举（例3） 、补充（例4）之外，还有原因、结果、对照、目的、条件、递进等关系。学会运用 “ 过渡衔接型 ” 的技巧属于深层理解的掌握。一般通过精读、细读来了解句意所表达的重点。只要学生具有扎实的语法知识，会用已知的信息来认真分析句子内部或两句话之间对应成分的逻

15、辑关系，理清文章的脉络，做题自然会的得心应手。4. 上下求索型（reasoning） : 例(1) Taking advantage of shoppers _63_will no longer be possible : people will know - and soon tell others, even those without the internet - that prices in the next town are cheaper or that certain goods are inferior. (20XX 年节选 ) A. generosity B. knowled

16、ge C. curiosity D. ignorance 选项： D例(2) Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main cause of too much aggression in childrens sports. They believe children _54_ aggressive adult behavior. (20XX 年节选 ) ?question B. understand C. copy D. neglect 选项： C 例(3) Most people b

17、elieve they don t have much imagination. They are _50_. Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to make use of it. (2009节选年 ) ?wrong B. unbelievable C. reasonable D. realistic 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载选项： A 例(4) However, don

18、t make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows drafting. Always make time to become your own _59_ and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor 选项： C Sum up: 为了体现试卷应有的难度和区分度，完型填空题设空选项中更多地需要学生善于扑捉并记忆相关的信息，从句子、段落的角度进行深入的理解，这时“ 上下求索型” 的技巧显得尤为重要

19、且实用。通过前后文的通读和结构复杂句子的分析，学生依据上下文语境，对文章内涵进行合理的揣摩，从而对整个语篇有清晰透彻地了解。和“ 过渡衔接型 ” 相比， “ 上下求索型” 运用时，应遵循“ 先易后难 ” 的原则，不要急于选出答案，而需瞻前顾后，尽可能地找到确凿的提示后作出符合语境语意的判断。5. 主题倾向型（main idea）例(1) （20XX 年节选）Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the long

20、er the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of adjustment is. When men are shut up together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little h

21、abits may become very _50_ . (主题：封闭空间中人们很难相处) A. pleasing B. annoying C. common D. valuable 例(2) （20XX 年节选） Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that winning is everything.

22、Many parents go to childrens sporting events and shout insults at other players or cheer when their child behaves _57_. (主题：球场上的好斗行为的模仿) proudly B. ambitiously C. aggressively D. bravely 例(3) (20XX 年节选）Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assi

23、gnment. Instead, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to switch topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However, don t make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows drafting. Always make time to become your own

24、 audience and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you _60_ new ideas. (主题：作品修改的必要性) A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate Sum up: 有关 “ 主题倾向型 ” 技巧的设空选型一定是围绕文章的主题有选择地去除部分信息。如果学生单纯地根据所给的词语做出判断，往往会发现任何一个选项都是适用于空格，且都能补全语篇的内容。这时，学生能否把握文章的主题，能否弄清表达的观点，能否明

25、了作者的感情色彩就变得尤为重要，因为整个阅读过程是读者和文章的交互过程，相同的一篇文章在不同的读者眼里一定会有截然不同的理解。建议学生在阅读时，注意文章或段落的首尾，抓住要领，细读字里行间的关键提示。6. 固定搭配型（collocation）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载例(1) (20XX 年节选 ) In addition to his tradition, medical treatment, he tried to put his treatment in situation that w

26、ould _50_ positive emotions. bring about ( 带来；造成；引起) B. set about (开始；着手 ) C. put up (举起；搭建；提出；留宿) D. make up (编制；化妆 ) 选项： A例(2) (20XX 年节选 ) Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so wild that the most able groups are separate and are _59_while the least abl

27、e are lost and equally bored. A. kept out (遮挡；使不入内) B. turned down (拒绝；音量调低) C. held back (抑制；阻止 ) D. left behind (留下；遗留 ) 选项： C例(3) (20XX 年节选 ) As a society, we really need to _60_ this problem and do something about it. A. look up to (尊敬；敬仰 ) B. face up to (勇敢地面对 ) C. make up for (弥补 ) D. come up

28、with (提出；想出 ) 选项： B 例(4) (20XX 年节选 )When you revise, you change aspects of your work in _54_ to your evolving purpose, or to include fresh ideas or newly discovered information. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast 选项： B 高考卷所考的词汇均属于常用词汇。设空密度较为平均，单词为主，短语为辅。其中，设空单词均以实词为主，分别有名词、动词、形容词、副词等通常占9

29、0 以上。学生只要在平时注重基本词汇的积累及常见短语、句型等固定搭配的用法，结合上下文，比较各个选项，就很容易做出判断。记住“ 词不离句 ” 的原则，在特定语境中理解单词或短语的含义，特别关注一词多义的现象。实例解读 (20XX 年上学期风华中学高三期中卷) Billions of people across the world use cell phones. Though cell phones can be wonderful, liberating tools of _50_, freeing us from the confines of an office and providin

30、g more leisure time, they often do the exact _51_. Cell phone use has _52_ the line between work and non-work time, increasing stress and tension within families and between friends. As Eric Slate, author of Technoslave commented in his essay: “ It seems the more _53_ we are, the more detached （不相连的

31、）we become. ”There is risk of being too connected. While I was hiking in Spain, I got _54_ a few times. I saw new sights and was surprised by _55_ landscapes and towns I wouldn t have otherwise come across. Back in the US, whenever I got lost, I would always call a friend for _56_ on my cell phone,

32、With a cell phone, you are less _57_ to go down the wrong street and see new things or unexpectedly meet new people. So, when I recently returned home to Burlington, I _58_ my cell phone and traded in an old, rusty bike and a regular landline telephone that was connected to the wall. Now, I go outsi

33、de and don t make a phone call or check my phone. _59_, I ve seen things in my neighborhood I _60_ noticed before, like a big flower garden around the block and artwork and sculptures down the road. Now that I m not _61_ my cell phone, I ve met new people on the street and at the 精选学习资料 - - - - - -

34、- - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载supermarket, started _62_ with neighbors I haven t spoken with before and talk with my friends face-to-face instead of over the phone. Instead of _63_ me from the world, getting rid of my cell phone has helped me become more in touch with my community. I

35、am no longer _64_ of my cell phone. 50. A. information B. communication C. learning D. exchange 51. A. opposite B. same C. wrong D. right 52. A. misused B. limited C. troubled D. confused 53. A. affected B. separated C. connected D. satisfied 54. A. exhausted B. disappointed C. lost D. attracted 55.

36、 A. inaccessible B. unexpected C. familiar D. similar 56. A. attention B. destination C. direction D. action 57. A. eager B. likely C. willing D. interested 58. A. made use of B. hung up C. got rid of D. got hold of 59. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Instead 60. A. once B. often C. never D. e

37、ver 61. A. happy with B. crazy about C. glue to D. aware of 62. A. interviews B. arguments C. visits D. conversations 63. A. isolating B. saving C. protecting D. removing 64. A. fan B. master C. friend D. slave KEY: BADCC BCBCA CCDAD 试题分析三、完形填空题解读的反思高考完型填空的设计是阅读理解和单项填空的综合体，是在考察基础词法、句法、习惯用法等知识综合运用的基础上，重点考察考生的阅读理解能力。在教学中，我们应以词汇为主，常识为辅的原则，刻意渗透“ 原词重现型 ” 、“ 近义复现型 ” 、“ 过渡衔接型 ” 、“ 上下求索型 ” 、“ 主题倾向型 ” 、 “ 固定搭配型 ” 等技巧自行设计完形填空来帮助学生复习，巩固所学知识要点。通过专项练习及真题解析，学生学会了运用语感和常识，进行逻辑推理，把握情景，考虑全文的结构和主旨，从上下文中找到选项的依据，从而克服了完形填空题的畏惧心理，提高了完形填空题的正确率。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页