定语从句专题讲解ppt.ppt

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1、现在学习的是第1页，共53页Ilikequietmusic.Ilikemusicthatisquiet.定语从句定语从句1.什么是定语从句？什么是定语从句？2.什么是先行词？什么是先行词？3.什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？4.如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？现在学习的是第2页，共53页IknowLearn to discover定语从句定语从句两个句子两个句子两个词两个词主主句句从句从句？现在学习的是第3页，共53页1.Iknowagirl2.wholikesred.Jimreadsbooks whicharefun

2、.主句主句从句从句完整的句子是主句完整的句子是主句不完整的句子是从句不完整的句子是从句现在学习的是第4页，共53页3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?两个词两个词先行词先行词关系代词关系代词被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词whowhichthat现在学习的是第5页，共53页在在复合句复合句中修饰某一中修饰某一名词名词或或代词代词的从句叫的从句叫定语定语从句从句。定语从句定语从句先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。而

3、汉语中的定语而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前则放在被修饰词之前关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系关系代词代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)和和关系关系副词副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。在句中作状语。现在学习的是第6页，共53页Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhoisbeautiful.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl,叫做

4、叫做定语从句定语从句现在学习的是第7页，共53页I like music that/which I can dance to.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词定语从句定语从句I like the singer who is beautiful.I like the movie that is funny.I still remember the first time when I met her.现在学习的是第8页，共53页Learntothink关系代词关系代词先行词先行词决定决定先行词先行词关系代词关系代词人人物物人和物人和物whowhichthatthatthatwhom宾语宾语现在学习的是

5、第9页，共53页Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.现在学习的是第10页，共53页I have an apple.An apple is red.I have an applethat is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple 现在学习的是第11页，共53页I have some friends.Some friends like sports.I have some friendswho like sports.修饰先行词修饰先行词 friends 现在学习的是第12页，共53页I

6、likethemovie.Themovieisexciting.Ilikethemoviethatisexciting.that修饰先行词修饰先行词movie现在学习的是第13页，共53页Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Thewomanlivesnextdoor.who修饰先行词修饰先行词woman现在学习的是第14页，共53页Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The te

7、acher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man.He is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?现在学习的是第15页，共

8、53页1.关系代词关系代词that,which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示是表示物物的的名词或代词名词或代词，关系，关系代词应用代词应用that、which.(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)现在学习的是第16页，共53页Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillnevercometrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:1.Thisisthehouse.Theh

9、ouseisforsaleThisisthehousethat/whichisforsale.which/that作作主语主语.(不能省不能省)（作主语）（作主语）现在学习的是第17页，共53页which/that作作宾语宾语：（可省略）可省略）Thisisthecard.Ivejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecardwhich/thatIvejustreceived.Practise:1.Thisisthemistake.Ialwaysmakemistake.Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake2.Istillkeepthele

10、tters.ShewrotetheletterstomeIstillkeeptheletterswhichshewrotetome.()（作宾语）（作宾语）()现在学习的是第18页，共53页2.关系代词关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从引导的定语从句句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示是表示人人的名词或代词，关系的名词或代词，关系代词应用代词应用who,that(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)whom(作作宾语宾语)现在学习的是第19页，共53页who/that作作主语主语.(不能省不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.T

11、hisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语作主语)TheboycalledRoy.Theboybrokethewindow.Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledRoy./thatPractise:现在学习的是第20页，共53页who/whom/that作作宾语宾语：(可省略可省略)Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.(作宾语）作宾语）Thethie

12、fhasbeensenttoprison.Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.Thethief(who/that/whom)thepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.Practise:现在学习的是第21页，共53页小结：1).that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。2).which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.3).who指指人人，作主语，不能省略作主语，不能省略；作宾语作宾语，可以省略，可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时当关系代词在定语从句中作主

13、语时,定语定语从从句句的的谓语动词形式谓语动词形式由由先行词先行词定。定。现在学习的是第22页，共53页 定语从句的用法定语从句的用法:当先行词是当先行词是物物时时,用用which或或that引导引导.Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.当先行词是当先行词是人人时时,用用who,whom,whose,that引导引导.现在学习的是第23页，共53页who,whom,whose,that用法区别用法区别.who作定语从句的作定语从句的主主语或语或宾宾语语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themani

14、saworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解分解作主语作主语现在学习的是第24页，共53页Whom作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解分解作宾语作宾语现在学习的是第25页，共53页whose作定语从句的作定语从句的定定语语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirlsmotherisateacher.作定语作定语现在学

15、习的是第26页，共53页that可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主主语和语和宾宾语语.注意注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略省略.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.现在学习的是第27页，共53页有时有时只能用只能用that,不不用用which,常见的情况有六种：常见的情况有六种：当先行词是当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或或被它们修饰被它们修饰时。时。1).Thatsal

16、lthatIknow.2).IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3).Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.现在学习的是第28页，共53页2).ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.当先行词有当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。等修饰时。1).ThatstheonlythingthatIcandonow.2).Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或

17、序数词修饰时1).ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.现在学习的是第29页，共53页5.先行词同时包括先行词同时包括人或物人或物时，关系词时，关系词用用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?4.当主句以当主句以who或或which开头时，定语从句开头时，定语从句的关系词的关系词用用that,而而不用不用which或或who.现在学习的是第30页，共5

18、3页关系代词只用关系代词只用which不用不用that情况情况1.关系代词前有介词。关系代词前有介词。2.先行词本身是先行词本身是that.现在学习的是第31页，共53页whose作作定语定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。Theboyismyclassmate.Theboysfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.现在学习的是第32页，共53页【巧学妙记】定语从句的用法主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句紧跟先行词，关系词引导要弄清。定人要用who或whom，定物which当先用。关系代词用that，定人定物有

19、本领。when用来定时间，where用来定地点。关系代词作成分，唯作宾语可省略。现在学习的是第33页，共53页Exercise1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.I hate people _ talk much but do little.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/tha

20、twhich/that现在学习的是第34页，共53页5.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6.Is there a student _ father is a business man?7.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.现在学习的是第35页，共53页

21、Exercise 2.My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.Say all _ you know.Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.现在学习的是第36页，共53页4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5.Thi

22、s is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或或which引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat现在学习的是第37页，共53页先行词先行词1.Iknowagirlwho_(like)red.先行词先行词2.Jimreadsbooksw

23、hich_(be)fun.先行词先行词3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthatthey_(be)talkingabout?先行词先行词决定决定关系代词关系代词从句中的谓语动词形式从句中的谓语动词形式likes areare现在学习的是第38页，共53页定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致Themp4that_beengiventomeishome-made.(have)I,who_yourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.(be)关系代词做从句的主语时，关系代词做从句的主语时，从句从句的的谓语谓语动词的动词的人称和数要与先行词人

24、称和数要与先行词保持一致保持一致，先行词是句子，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形式。时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形式。现在学习的是第39页，共53页Learntopractice1.Tomisoneoftheboysthat_(be)fromtheUSA.2.Tomistheonlyboythat_(be)fromtheUSA.areis现在学习的是第40页，共53页【注意注意】Heisoneofthestudentswho_madegreatprogress.MrWangistheonlyoneofmyfriendswho_beeninvitedtohavedinnerwithus.(

25、have)oneof+复数名词作先行词时，从句的谓语复数名词作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用动词用复数复数形式。但若形式。但若one前有前有the（only）the（just）the（very）修饰时，从句修饰时，从句的谓语动词用的谓语动词用单数单数形式形式现在学习的是第41页，共53页1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/that3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.which/th

26、atwhose现在学习的是第42页，共53页4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.which/that现在学习的是第43页，共53页7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat现在

27、学习的是第44页，共53页1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.现在学习的是第45页，共53页4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisread

28、ingabook_istoodifficultforhim.which/that现在学习的是第46页，共53页7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat现在学习的是第47页，共53页10.Theperson_youshouldwritetoisMrBall.11.Theteacherfrom_IlearntmostwasMrsZhu.12.Therunner_youareaskingaboutisoverthe

29、re.13.Thegirl_youarelookingforisintheclassroom.14.Themeeting_weshalltakepartinwillbeheldinahotel.15.Thefactory_Iworkedinforovertwoyearshasbeenclosed.16.Theairport_is30kilometresawayistheonlyoneinthecity17.Theperson_wontheracewasawomanfromSichuan.whowhomwho/whomwho/whomthatwhichthatwho现在学习的是第48页，共53页

30、Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man.He is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chine

31、se.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?现在学习的是第49页，共53页1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboyslife.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.现在学习的是第50页，共53页3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.现在学习的是第51页，共53页Learntomakeasummary定语定语从句从句1.两个句两个句子子3.先行作出两决定先行作出两决定4.两类只用莫相忘两类只用莫相忘关系代词关系代词从句谓语动词形式从句谓语动词形式1.只用只用that不用不用which（5）2.只用只用which不用不用that（2）主句主句从句从句2.两个词两个词先行词先行词关系代词关系代词现在学习的是第52页，共53页感谢大家观看感谢大家观看现在学习的是第53页，共53页