名词性从句让步状语从句课件.ppt

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1、关于名词性从句让步状语从句现在学习的是第1页，共30页Related Conception(相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。位语。The boy is li Ming.主语表语Mr.Liang,a 24-year-old boy,teaches us English.主语同位语宾语现在学习的是第2页，共30页在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名

2、词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句(The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 (The Object Clause)表语从句表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)现在学习的是第3页，共30页请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is taking a bath.The new

3、s that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.(主从主从)(同位语从句同位语从句)(宾从宾从)(表从表从)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定从定从)(主从主从)现在学习的是

4、第4页，共30页主语从句主语从句在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。他星期三来这里是肯定的。他星期三来这里是肯定的。That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词要加上从属连词thatthat他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.注意：主语从句表示注意：主语从句表示“是否是否”只用只用“wh

5、ether”whether”而不用而不用“if”if”现在学习的是第5页，共30页主语从句主语从句主语从句有时用主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。It is known to us that he will come here.现在学习的是第6页，共30页It+be+形容词形容词 that从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that.重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显It+be+-ed分词分词 that从句从句It i

6、s believed that 人们相信人们相信It is known to us/all that.众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定用用it形式主语的形式主语的that从句有以下四种不从句有以下四种不同的搭配：同的搭配：现在学习的是第7页，共30页It+be+名词名词 that从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that.令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是It+不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears that 似

7、乎似乎It happens that.碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起现在学习的是第8页，共30页表语从句表语从句在句中充当表语的从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在即放在be,look,seem,remain,appear等动词后面等动词后面)叫做表叫做表语从句。语从句。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。The question

8、 is whether it is worth doing.注意：表语从句表示注意：表语从句表示“是否是否”只用只用“whether”whether”而不用而不用“if”if”现在学习的是第9页，共30页试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。前（尤其是单数可数名词前）

9、一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。哪种从句再完成。(表从表从)(定从定从)(定从定从)现在学习的是第10页，共30页宾语从句宾语从句在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语的句子叫做宾语在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。从句。我不知道你会来这里。我不知道你会来这里。I dont know（that）you will come here.注意：注意：thatthat在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。正式的文体中常常被省去。现在学习的是第11页，共30页我不

10、知道他来不来。我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？他不在乎天气是否好。他不在乎天气是否好。I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.注意：在宾语从句中，表示注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否是否”既可以用既可以用whether,whether

11、,也可以用也可以用if.if.但是，但是，whetherwhether常与常与or notor not连用；作介词宾语只用连用；作介词宾语只用whether;whether;从句是否定句时从句是否定句时一般用一般用ifif。现在学习的是第12页，共30页宾语从句中的否定转移宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里I think he wont come here.()I dont think he will come here.()注意：如果宾语从句是由注意：如果宾语从句是由think,believe,think,believe,imagine,supposeimagine,s

12、uppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。否定形式转移到主句中去。现在学习的是第13页，共30页宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用一般用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。现

13、在学习的是第14页，共30页同位语从句同位语从句在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如从句一般放在如idea,news,fact,promise,suggestion,belief,truth等含有丰富内涵的词等含有丰富内涵的词语后面，语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。一般。一般说来，同位语从句都用说来，同位语从句都用that来作连接词，而且不能来作连接词，而且不能省略省略。也可用。也可用how,when,where等。等。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。

14、He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.现在学习的是第15页，共30页试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1.1.如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的从句中的thatthat只起连接作用。只起连接作用

15、。2.2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。(同从同从)(定从定从)现在学习的是第16页，共30页 主语从句that whether who whom whose what which when where why how从 句引导词:1.That he knows Japanese is known to all.他懂日语,这一点大家都知道令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.3.When he will come is unknown.4.Whether he is coming doesnt m

16、atter much.他来不来没什么要紧的他什么时候来不清楚.他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.5.It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It 主语太长了!放到句尾That无词义无词义,不可省略不可省略What“什么”,“所.的”2.What surprised me was to see him here.When“什么时候”主语从句主语从句不用不用 if位于句首位于句首现在学习的是第17页，共30页what在从句中表示“什么”或“所的”What he wil

17、l do next is unknown.what 表示疑问“什么”比如：他下一步做什么我们不清楚。在那儿所看到的(事物)是无法描述的。我们怎么处理这些书与你无关。她会给我们带些什么食物来还不清楚。明天会发生什么事还是个谜。她所买的只是一些蔬菜。What was seen there is beyond description.What we will do with the books has nothing to do with you.What food she will bring to us is not clear.What will happen tomorrow is stil

18、l a mystery.What she has bought are only some vegetables.what只用于名词性从句中现在学习的是第18页，共30页when,where,why,how,who,whom,whose分别表示什么时候、什么地方、为什么、怎么、谁（主格/宾格）、谁的When we will have a meeting is unknown.Where we will have a meeting is unknown.Why we should have a meeting is unknown.我们什么时候开会不清楚。我们在什么地方开会不清楚。我们为什么要

19、开会不清楚。4.他们是怎么发现那个秘密的令大家很感兴趣。5.谁来当他们的班主任还没有决定How they discovered that secret interested everyone.Who will be their class teacher has not been decided.Where did they go last week is of no importance.()错凡是从句都必须用陈述语序went现在学习的是第19页，共30页whether从句作主语时不能用 if我们是否要重新做这个实验还没有决定。这本书是否林先生写的这一点很重要。他们是否能按时到达要看天气。她

20、是否能考上大学要看她是否努力。Whether we should do the experiment again has not been decided.Whether the book was written by Mr.Lin is very important.Whether they can arrive in time depends on the weather.Whether she can pass the college entrance examination depends on whether she will work hard.Whether that she c

21、an come or not doesnt matter.()错一个从句只能有一个引导词现在学习的是第20页，共30页现在学习的是第21页，共30页 让步状语从句通常用让步状语从句通常用 though,although,no matter,even if,if,even though,however,whatever等引起。等引起。让步状语从句可以前置，也可以后置；前置时强调主句内容，后置让步状语从句可以前置，也可以后置；前置时强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。有时也可以采取中位（插入句中）。时强调从句内容。有时也可以采取中位（插入句中）。两个词同义，一般情况下可以互换使用，如：两个词同义，一

22、般情况下可以互换使用，如：He didnt light the fire though/although it was cold.although 比比though 较正式，语气较重，常用于强调让步概念，如：较正式，语气较重，常用于强调让步概念，如：He insisted on doing it although I warned him not to.though可以和可以和even 连用，但连用，但although 不可以，如：不可以，如：Although(Even though)the traffic held us up,we got to the airport on time.当让

23、步状语从句是指一种假设的情况，不指事实时，通常用当让步状语从句是指一种假设的情况，不指事实时，通常用though，而不用，而不用although，如：，如：He will never do such a thing though he(should)be forced to.Though all the world were against me,I shall still hold to my opinion.though可以在非正式文体中用作连接性状语，而可以在非正式文体中用作连接性状语，而although 则不行。（则不行。（though 可以放在句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开），如：可以放

24、在句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开），如：He said he would come;he didnt,though.though引导的从句可用倒装语序（即把从句中的表语或状语等放在引导的从句可用倒装语序（即把从句中的表语或状语等放在though之前），而之前），而although 不能这样用，如：不能这样用，如：Young though she is,yet she is fit for the job.(=Young as she is,)有时可用副词有时可用副词yet,still,nevertheless(但不能用连词但不能用连词but)来配合连接词来配合连接词though或或although

25、，以加强语气，如：，以加强语气，如：Though he is over seventy,yet/still/nevertheless he can ride the bike.though和和although后面的主语和谓语动词后面的主语和谓语动词be 可以省略，如果这个主语可以省略，如果这个主语和主句中的主语指同一个人或物时，如：和主句中的主语指同一个人或物时，如：Though(it was)cold,it was a fine winter morning.Though(he was)severely wounded,yet he refused to leave the battle f

26、ield.Though(they were)very tired,they continued to march on.现在学习的是第22页，共30页 even if 与与 even though同义，常用于强调让步概念，如：同义，常用于强调让步概念，如：Ill do it,even if it takes me all the afternoon.He was there even if we didnt see him.Even if you fail,you can try again.Ill help you,even if I dont sleep for a night.注：注：i

27、f 有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件if 与让步与让步if 的区别，试比的区别，试比较：较：If he is poor,how can he buy the house?(条件条件)If he is poor,he is at least honest.(让步让步)(=even if)If he is inexperienced,he wont be able to accomplish it.(条件条件)If he is inexperienced,he is at any rate eager to learn.(让步让步)(=even if)If

28、John had been there,I would have seen him.(条件条件)If John was there,I didnt see him.(让步让步)(=even if)现在学习的是第23页，共30页 在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用as引导让步引导让步从句。但从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（though,that与与as一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况：一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况：表语的倒装：表语的

29、倒装：Tired as he was,he still went on with his work.Old as I am,I can still fight.Clever as you may be,you cannot do that.Tall as/though he was,he couldnt reach the top shelf.Difficult though the task was,they managed to accomplish it in time.状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very,much等修饰语）等修饰语）Much a

30、s I admire him as a writer,I do not like him as a man.Much as he likes the bike,he doesnt want to buy it.Hard as I studied,I could not catch up with them.谓语动词的倒装：谓语动词的倒装：Try as he would,he could not remember a word of it.(=No matter how he would try)Try as he might,he didnt pass the exam.Hate him as

31、 we may,we must admit his greatness.Search as they would,they could find nothing in the room.Try as you may,you will never succeed.现在学习的是第24页，共30页 如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如：如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如：Teacher as Michael is,he is not capable of teaching all subjects.Child as/that he was,he knew what wa

32、s the right thing to do.Youngest as he is in our class,he speaks English the best.Child as he is,he knows much.as从句可以置于主句前、主句后或句中，当从句可以置于主句前、主句后或句中，当as从句置于句首时，主句前可从句置于句首时，主句前可加加yet，如：，如：Mary,brave as she is,is afraid of snakes.He was unable to make much progress,hard as he tried.Rich as he is,(yet)I

33、 dont envy him.当作表语的形容词提前时，如果从句的主语是人称代词，那么它只能放在动词当作表语的形容词提前时，如果从句的主语是人称代词，那么它只能放在动词之前；如果从句的主语是名词，则可用倒装语序，也可用陈述语序，如：之前；如果从句的主语是名词，则可用倒装语序，也可用陈述语序，如：Tired as were the workers,they did not stop.Clever though/as you may be,you cant do that.as 从句与主句在时态上可以不一致，如：从句与主句在时态上可以不一致，如：Child as he is,he was brave

34、.注意区别注意区别as 引导的原因从句与让步从句，试比较：引导的原因从句与让步从句，试比较：Lawyer as he is,he explains the reason clearly.(原因从句原因从句)Lawyer as he is,he cant explain the reason very clearly.(让步从句让步从句)现在学习的是第25页，共30页 even though(=even if)引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为“即即使使”、“纵然纵然”；though 引导的从句指事实，意为引导的从句指事实，意为“尽管尽管”、“虽然虽然”

35、，例如：例如：He will not reveal the secret,even though he knows it.(可能知道，也可能不可能知道，也可能不知道。知道。)He will not reveal the secret though he knows it.(虽然知道，却不说出来。虽然知道，却不说出来。)while(=although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如：它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如：While you may be right,I cant altogether agree.While I admit that the problems

36、are difficult,I dont agree that they cannot be solved.注意比较下列各句：注意比较下列各句：While I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings.(让步让步)While I understand what you say,I cant agree with you.(让步让步)While I was reading,the light went out.(时间时间)Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.(转折、对比转折、对比)

37、He is idle,while his brother is diligent.(转折、对比转折、对比)现在学习的是第26页，共30页 这种从句也称这种从句也称“选择条件选择条件-让步状语从句让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如：，可位于主句之前或之后，如：Whether he drives or(whether he)flies,he will be here on time.Whether you like it or not,youll have to do it.Whether or not it rains,Im giving a party tomorrow.We hold

38、that all countries,(whether they are)big or small,(whether they are)rich or poor,should be equal.Whether it rains or snows,I will go tonight.She had to go,whether or not she wanted it.现在学习的是第27页，共30页 Whoever(=no matter who)is unwilling to go,I will go.(whoever 既相当于连接词短语既相当于连接词短语no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当

39、于疑问连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问代词代词who)Whomever(=no matter whom)you are dealing with,this method is no good.Whatever(=no matter what)happens,keep calm.Whatever others may say,you are certainly right.Whichever(=no matter which)you choose,we have no objection.Whatever(=no matter what)difficulties may arise,we must

40、and can overcome them one by one.(whatever 既相当于既相当于no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词问形容词what 修饰名词修饰名词difficulties。)Whichever(=no matter which)room is assigned to him,he will have no objection.Whichever method you use,the result is much the same.现在学习的是第28页，共30页 However(=no matter how)difficult

41、 the task may be,we will fulfil it on time.(however 既相当于既相当于 no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词 how 修饰修饰 difficult。)Wherever(=no matter where)they went,they were warmly welcomed.Whenever Im unhappy,he cheers me up.The dog follows me wherever I go.However difficult the task(may be),it will be fulfilled on time.However great the difficulties(may be),we will never retreat.Whatever the difficulties(may be),they must and can be overcome.现在学习的是第29页，共30页感谢大家观看感谢大家观看现在学习的是第30页，共30页