无线传感器网络基于移动信标优化路径的定位算法研究_毕业论文(71页).doc
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1、-无线传感器网络基于移动信标优化路径的定位算法研究_毕业论文-第 55 页广东工业大学硕士学位论文(工学硕士)基于移动信标优化路径的定位算法研究分类号: 学校代号:11845UDC: 密级: 学号:2110704294广东工业大学硕士学位论文(工学硕士)基于移动信标优化路径的定位算法研究指导教师姓名、职称: 教授 企业导师姓名、职称: 无 专业 或 领域 名 称: 控制理论与控制工程 学 生 所 属 学 院: 自动化学院 论 文 答 辩 日 期: Classified Index: School Code: 11845UDC: Security Class: Class No.:2110704
2、294A Dissertation for Masters Degree of Guangdong University of Technology(Master of Engineering Science)Research on Localization Algorithm Based on Mobile Beacon with Optimal pathCandidate: Xie XiaosongSupervisor: Prof. Cheng LianglunMay 2010Faculty of AutomationGuangdong University of TechnologyGu
3、angzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China, 510006摘 要无线传感器节点定位技术是无线传感器网络的关键技术之一,是无线传感器网络大多数应用的基础。无线传感器网络应用的大多数领域, 如:目标监测与跟踪、路由位置信息的获取等,都需要知道节点的位置信息。为此我们需要研究更为有效的定位算法,降低定位成本,提高定位精度。针对这种情况,本论文对基于移动信标优化路径的无线传感器网络节点算法进行了研究,该定位算法能够实现节点的高效率定位。文章在DV-Hop定位算法中引入移动信标节点,并研究信标节点的动态选择算法及移动路径优化算法。本文的主要完成的工作有:1、分析归纳常用的无需测距的定位算
4、法和基于信标的定位算法,研究基于信标的定位算法的定位机制,研究利用移动信标的信息来进行定位计算。2、提出基于移动信标改进的DV-Hop定位算法,该算法在DV-Hop定位算法的基础上,利用一个移动的信标节点在网络中按预定的路径移动并不断的广播自己的位置信息,形成多个虚拟信标,研究平均跳距离的加权算法和信标节点的动态选择算法,降低定位的成本和布网的复杂度,提高节点定位的精度和效率。3、结合基于移动信标改进的DV-Hop定位算法,提出了面向无线传感器网络的移动信标的路径规划方法,把图论引入信标移动路径规划,获取针对所处网络连通状况的优化信标移动路径,提高算法的定位精度,减少算法定位过程的通信开销,提
5、高算法的效率。 最后在OMNeT+仿真环境下,仿真基于移动信标的定位算法,建立包括移动智能节点和普通节点的仿真模型,通过定位过程的通信和数据处理计算未知节点的位置,仿真表明,基于移动信标优化路径的定位算法既改善了定位的精度,又减少了定位算法的通信开销,提高无线传感器网络节点定位效率。关键词:无线传感器网络;移动信标;优化路径;OMNeT+;智能节点 ABSTRACTWireless sensor node localization is one of the key technologies for wireless sensor networks. Its the foundation of
6、 most wireless sensor network applications, such as: target surveillance and tracking, routing and other location information acquiring, all of these need to know the location information of the nodes. So we need more effective localization algorithm to reduce the cost and increase the precision.In
7、response, the paper research the nodes localization algorithm for wireless sensor network base on mobile beacon with optimal path. This algorithm can achieve high efficiency of positioning nodes. We introduced mobile beacon node into DV-Hop localization algorithm, and study the dynamic beacon node s
8、election algorithm and moving path optimal algorithm. These major works are: 1. Summarizes common range-free localization algorithm and the algorithms base on beacon, study the positioning mechanism of localization algorithms base on beacon.2. Improving DV-Hop localization algorithm based on mobile
9、beacon, the algorithm use a mobile beacon node to move in the network according to a predetermined path and broadcast its location information that create virtual beacons. We study the weighted average hop distance algorithm and the dynamic beacon node selection algorithm to reduce localization cost
10、s and complexity of distribution networks and improve accuracy and efficiency of node localization. 3. Combined with the improved DV-Hop localization algorithm based on mobile beacon, we proposed mobile beacon path planning method for wireless sensor networks. Graph theory is introduced into the mob
11、ile path planning; by acquiring connectivity conditions of the network we optimize the path of mobile beacon. These make increase of positioning accuracy of positioning algorithm and reduce communication costs, improve efficiency of the algorithm. Finally, we simulate mobile beacon base localization
12、 algorithm in OMNeT + + simulation environment by modeling mobile intelligent nodes and ordinary nodes in the network. The network computes the unknown nodes location through the positioning process of communication and data processing. The simulation results show that the algorithm base on mobile b
13、eacon with optimal path not only improves the positioning accuracy but also reduce the communication overhead of locatingm, these improve the efficiency of wireless sensor nodes localization.Key words: WSN;Mobile anchor;Optimal path;OMNeT+;Smart node目 录摘 要IABSTRACTIII目 录VCONTENTSVII第一章 绪 论11.1 本论文的研
14、究背景及意义11.1.1 研究背景与意义11.1.2 课题来源31.2 国内外研究现状31.3 本论文的主要研究内容与结构5第二章 传感器网络常用节点定位算法相关研究72.1无线传感器网络基于信标节点的定位算法72.1.1相关工作72.1.2基于信标定位算法的优点92.2无线传感器网络常用的定位方式的实现102.2.1极大似然估计法102.2.2三边测量定位法112.2.3三角测量定位法122.3常用的节点定位算法132.3.1 常用的Range-base节点定位算法132.3.2常用的Range-free节点定位算法162.4本章小结18第三章 基于移动信标的节点定位算法193.1 无线传感
15、器网络基于移动信标改进的DV-Hop定位算法193.1.1 DV-Hop定位算法203.1.2移动信标节点定位算法233.1.3 仿真分析263.2基于移动信标动态选择改进DV-Hop定位算法283.2.1 DV-Hop定位算法平均跳距离计算误差来源分析293.2.2基于移动信标动态选择的改进型DV-Hop定位算法过程313.2.3仿真分析343.3 本章小结35第四章 无线传感器网络移动信标的路径优化364.1无线传感器网络移动信标的移动模型分析364.1.1 随机移动RWP(Random Way Point)模型364.1.2高斯马尔可夫移动Gauss-Markov模型374.1.3 螺线
16、移动模型384.2面向无线传感器网络节点定位的移动信标的路径优化384.2.1基于图论的信标移动路径规划方法394.2.2面向传感器网络的移动信标路径规划的仿真实现404.3 本章小结42第五章 基于移动信标优化路径定位算法的仿真实现435.1仿真实验工具和实验方法简述435.1.1 OMNeT+仿真实验平台介绍435.1.2定位算法性能评价指标及分析方法445.2基于移动信标的传感器网络定位算法的设计455.2.1无线传感器网络仿真程序模型及程序设计465.2.2定位过程仿真程序设计515.3基于移动信标优化路径的定位算法性能分析525.4 本章小结55结论与展望56参 考 文 献57攻读学
17、位期间发表的学术论文60攻读学位期间参加的科研项目61独创性声明62致 谢63CONTENTSABSTRACT(Chinese)IABSTRACT(English)IIICONTENTS(Chinese)VCONTENTS(English)VIIChapter 1 Introduction11.1 Research Background and Meaning of This Subject11.1.1 Research Background and Meaning11.1.2 Source of This Subject31.2 Domestic and Foreign Research S
18、tatus31.3 Main Content and Structure of This Subject5Chapter 2 Common Nodes Localization for Sensor Network72.1 Localization Algorithm Base on Beacon72.1.1 Realative work72.1.2The Advantage of Localization Algorithm Base on Beacon92.2 Implement of Common Localization Ways102.2.1 Maximum likelihood e
19、stimation102.2.2 Trilateration Method Localization112.2.3 Triangulation Method Localization122.3 Common Nodes Localization Algorithm132.3.1 Common Range-base Nodes Localization Algorithm132.3.2 Common Range-free Nodes Localization Algorithm162.4 Summary of This Chapter18Chapter 3 Localization Algori
20、thm based on Mobile Beacon193.1 Improving DV-Hop Algorithm base on Mobile Beacon193.1.1 DV-Hop Localization Algorithm203.1.2 Nodes Localization Algorithm base on Mobile Beacon233.1.3 Simulation Result263.2 Improving DV-Hop Algorithm base on Mobile Beacon Dynamic Selection283.2.1 Analysis the Error R
21、esource of DV-Hop Averager Hop Distance293.2.2 The Process of the Improving Localization Algorithm313.2.3 Simulation Result343.3 Summary of This Chapter35Chapter 4 Mobile Beacon Moving Path Optimization364.1 Analysis the Moving Model of Mobile Beacon364.1.1 RWP(Random Way Point) Moving Model364.1.2
22、Gauss-Markov Moving Model374.1.3 Spire Moving Model384.2 Mobile Beacon Moving Path Optimization for WSNs384.2.1 Mobile Beacon Path Planning base on Graph Theory394.2.2 Simulation of the Mobile Beacon Path Planning404.3 Summary of This Chapter42Chapter 5 Simulation of Localzaition Algorithm base on M
23、obile Beacon435.1 Introduction of Simulation Tools and Environment435.1.1 Introduction of OMNeT+435.1.2 Localization Algorithm Performance Evaluation and Analysis445.2 Localization Algorithm Design base on Mobile Beacon455.2.1 Programming and Modeling Localization Algorithm465.2.2 Programming the Pr
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