毕业设计(论文)-一种经济型鲜枣去核机设计(全套图纸)(29页).doc
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1、-毕业设计(论文)-一种经济型鲜枣去核机设计(全套图纸)-第 1 页一种经济型鲜枣去核机一种经济型鲜枣去核机 A kind of affordable machine to remove the cores of jujube摘 要目前,对鲜枣去核一般多用于枣类产品的工业加工,由于去核时对鲜枣定位困难,多以手工去核为主,市场现有的自动去核机,多由于顺位结构不完善导致加工精度差,枣破损报废等现象突出。全套图纸加153893706本次毕业设计提出一种三杆三点式顺位机构,用于鲜枣去核前的顺位,通过Adams仿真,设计多种工况,探讨了包括顺位杆转速对顺位时间影响、动摩擦系数对顺位时间影响、顺位杆倾斜角
2、度对顺位时间影响,以及顺位杆尺寸对顺位时间的影响等,得出:该三杆三点式顺位机构能够实现在1秒左右的时间成功进行鲜枣的摆正竖直顺位工作,方案切实可行,并且,在电机转速越高或动摩擦系数越大,则顺位时间越短,而,顺位杆倾斜角度的不同或顺位杆的直径的不同对顺位时间的影响不大。进一步,设计一种经济型鲜枣去核机,实现对鲜枣投料后的自动去核、自动出料等工作。主要包括放料系统 、顺位定位系统、去核系统、出料系统、动力系统五大系统,各系统由单片机控制协调运行。其中,放料系统主要采用了电磁铁控制隔板,实现对单个鲜枣的逐个进料;顺位定位系统采用上述三杆三点式顺位机构,实现鲜枣竖直摆正并定位,去核系统主要设计为丝杠传
3、输运动的空心套杆结构,简单方便的进行核肉分离工作;出料系统包括枣肉和核的出料,主要利用重力实现出料,枣肉通过带有斜面的板滚落入枣肉箱,枣核在从空心套杆中被推出后直接落入枣核箱,达到核、肉分离的效果;动力系统装有电路控制板,通过稳压调节,由步进电机提供电力,通过齿轮传动动力。进一步,制作该经济型鲜枣去核机样机模型,分别对直径为20mm左右以及直径在10mm左右的枣进行去核工作,实验验证,该三杆三点式顺位机构能够在1秒之内对鲜枣进行摆正竖直顺位,并且,该鲜枣去核机成功完成了鲜枣的整套自动去核、自动出料的工作,去核后枣肉形态完整,枣肉浪费极少。该经济型鲜枣去核机,结构简单、体积小巧、去核准确(枣肉浪
4、费少),尤其适合于家庭使用,解决人们在进食鲜枣时遇到的去核繁琐的问题,提高人们食用鲜枣的舒适性和趣味性;对于一些生活尚不能独立的幼儿或者老年人,该款机器可以方便的进行进食鲜枣时的提前去核,也适合于在幼儿园、敬老院等场所使用。可进一步扩展为多排并联顺位机构结构,满足工业使用。关键词:鲜枣去核机;顺位;三杆三点;Adams仿真;实验AbstractAt present, the removal of date stones is commonly used in industrial processing of jujube products. The cores usually be remov
5、ed manually because it is difficult to fix its position when the removal begins. Although automatic machine of removing date stones is available in the market, the jujube is still easy to be damaged in the process because defects of position institution would lead to poor accuracy in the process. Th
6、is graduation design proposes a mechanical structure, having the sequence of a three pole and the three-point, it was used for fresh jujube to remove cores in front of the line. By taking the advantages of Adams simulation to design a variety of operating mode, many circumstances had been discussed
7、such as different speed ,angle of inclination ,size of the pole and different dynamic friction coefficient. Under these circumstances, many influence would be caused to effect the time .Then, a conclusion was drew that the three-pole the three-point line mechanical structure can achieve success in l
8、ess than 1 second to straighten the fresh jujubes vertical alignment. In this case, the higher the motor speed was or the greater the kinetic friction coefficient was, the shorter the time sequence of the sequence was. While the different angles and sizes of the pole had little influence on the sequ
9、ence of time.Further, a kind of affordable machine was designed to remove the cores of jujube and jujube would be put out automatically after the jujube was put into the machine. The machine included five main systems: the feeding system, position system, removing cores system, outlet system, power
10、system .Each system was controlled by a single chip computer . The feeding system mainly used the electromagnet to control the partition in order to put in just single jujube in once time; Position system used the three-pole and three-point position institution to make the jujube upright and fix its
11、 position; The removing core system was mainly designed as hollow sleeve rod institution which was transmitted by leading screw in order to separate the core and jujube conveniently; Outlet system would let both cores and jujube out due to the weight. The jujube would fall into jujube box through th
12、e plate with a bevel. Meanwhile, the core would fall into the core box after pushed out by the hollow sleeve rod institution. Through this system, we can separate the core and the jujube.The power system was provided with a circuit control board, and the power supply was provided by a stepping motor
13、 through a voltage stabilizing regulation. After the voltage is made stable, stepper motor would provide power and gears would transmit power.Then, the affordable machine model was made to remove the cores of fresh jujube . The cores of jujube whose diameter is about 2.0cm and 1cm would be removed.
14、Experiment validated that the three-pole and three-point position system can make fresh jujube upright within one second. The machine removed cores and put out the cores automatically. The jujube meat would be complete after remove the cores and less jujube meat would be wasted.The affordable machin
15、e to remove the cores of jujube had a lot of advantages, such as simple structure, small volume, high accuracy (less meat is waste )and so on. It was suitable for family especially. It can solve the facing problems and improved the comfort and enjoyment when people eat jujubes. To young children or
16、the elderly who cant live independently, the machine can remove the cores of jujube before people eat them. Of course , it was also suitable for kindergartens, nursing homes and other places. If it were to be extended as parallel line organization structure, the machine would be suitable for industr
17、ial usage.Keyword: machine to remove cores of fresh jujube; make the jujube upright; three-pole and three-point; Adams simulation; experiment.目录第一章 绪论51.1 选题的背景和意义51.1.1 国内外研究现状51.1.2 课题研究的目的和意义81.2 课题研究的主要内容9第二章 三杆三点式顺位机构设计102.1 三杆三点式顺位机构结构102.2 三杆三点式顺位机构顺位工作过程142.3 三杆三点式顺位机构顺位原理14第三章 三杆三点式顺位机构ADAM
18、S仿真153.1 ADAMS模型的建立153.2 仿真分析153.2.1 直角空间轨迹规划153.2.2 轨迹规划仿真分析16第四章 经济型鲜枣去核机结构设计214.1 经济型鲜枣去核机结构设计214.1.1进料机构274.1.2顺位定位机构284.1.3 去核机构284.1.4 出料机构284.1.4 动力机构294.2 经济型鲜枣去核机工作过程29第五章 经济型鲜枣去核机控制电路设计315.1 控制电路总体设计思路315.2 S12单片机控制模块315.3 电源管理模块335.4 电机驱动模块355.5 OLED显示模块365.6 RFID射频模块365.6.1 RFID射频模块主要指标3
19、65.6.2 RFID射频模块工作原理365.6.3 M1射频卡与读写器的通讯375.6.4 M1射频卡与读写器主要功能385.7 主程序设计38第六章 经济型鲜枣去核机样机实验396.1 经济型鲜枣去核机样机制作396.2 经济型鲜枣去核机样机实验39结 论42致 谢43参考文献1第一章 绪论1.1 选题的背景和意义我国是枣子主产区,产地遍布全国许多省区,主要分布在河北、山东、河南,枣的产量很大,而且枣子加工产品种类繁多。大部分鲜枣的加工产品都需要去核,如,制作金丝蜜枣或者枣类罐头。另一方面,鲜枣因为其最大限度的保留了其含有的大量维生素C、钙、磷、维生素B、胡萝卜素等营养元素2-3,并且清脆
20、可口,所以,人们直接食用鲜枣的现象也非常普遍。而,在食用鲜枣时往往会遇到枣核这一恼人的问题,如果出现幼儿或者老人误吞枣核,轻者会引起身体不适,重者可能枣核扎破气道,引发生命危险。所以,对鲜枣进食前去核也是人们对直接消费鲜枣的一种使用需求。1.1.1 国内外研究现状经市场调查,目前主流的鲜枣去核加工方式主要分为3种1-4:手工加工、半自动加工、全自动加工。目前枣果加工企业大都是由人工来完成去核的过程,人工去核存在很多显而易见的问题,并且长时间工作后效率会下降,更重要的是去核的质量得不到保障。1960年左右国外就已经进行全自动去核机械的相关开发研制工作,仅到80年的时候,美国和意大利等国家就已经推
21、出了桃子、青红枣去核机等相关设备。我国从80年代后期开始着手于枣等相类似的农产品的去核机的研制工作,并陆续出现了一些产品。马朝峰等人设计的红枣去核机5通过在传动链条上加装U型凹槽块实现红枣的顺序排列(如图1-1所示),链条通过槽轮机构和减速机构来实现固定时间的间歇运动,打平头在平行于链条前进的方向上作来回往复运动以保证每个U型凹槽块内只有一枚红枣,当红枣被输送至压紧去核工位时,压枣凸轮转动带动相关连杆使压枣块压紧红枣。压紧时,通过一系列凸轮、连杆和摆杆等部件的作用驱动空心去核刀往复运动实现去核。松开时,链条继续运动,枣由于重力作用落入左端的收集框里。至此,该去核机的全部工作完成。该去核机的去核
22、质量较好,达到98%以上,但其去核效率较慢,限制了其推广应用。图1-1:链式红枣去核机的上料排序机构1.U型槽 2.主动链轮 3.压力块 4.输送链条 5、9.从动链轮 6.打平头7.料斗挡板 8.张紧链轮 10.螺栓赵建国等人研发的履带式去核机,选用电力磁场震荡的原理制造进料装置以实现自行给料6,通过输送带将鲜枣送到去核工位,并通过上模等机构部件,完成自动轴线定位和夹紧,由沖针快速向下运动将枣核快速冲出大枣,然后沖针和上模向上运动松开大枣,大枣随链条继续运动至下料区完成一个循环。(如图1-2所示)图1-2:履带式大枣自动去核机组成1.减速器 2.槽轮曲柄 3.槽轮 4.小链轮 5.滚轮 6.
23、链板 7.支撑板弹簧 8.料斗 9.衔铁 10.电磁铁 11.给料管 12.链条 13.转盘式上料器 14.小型冲压机 15.上模 16.下模 17.枣核收集筐 18.输送机链轮 19.机架 20.大枣收集斗王兵臣等人设计的红枣去核机(如图1-3所示)7,该设计通过在输送带上安装卡板实现红枣上料,不同尺寸的卡板来保证输送红枣的尺寸,到达输送带末端红枣掉入下传送链,拨片组件作用于下传送链上的中间滚轮转动,同时带动红枣旋转使其轴线与滚轮平行,下传送链随着间歇机构往前运动并最终将红枣送至与上传动链所形成的棱形空间,实现四点定位。此时,往复运动的冲核杆随着曲柄机构运动将枣核冲出完成去核。间歇机构继续运
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