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1、-高中英语选修6第3单元重点词汇讲解-第 18 页必修6第3单元重点词汇讲解1. cigarettecigar n.雪茄烟cigarette n.香烟记忆方法:cigar雪茄,名缀-ette表示“小”之意;形状比雪茄小的烟卷。近意词辨析:cigar/cigaretteI hate the smell of cigarettes, but I dont mind the smell of cigars我不喜欢香烟的气味,但我不在乎雪茄的气味。(a cigarette=把切得很细的烟丝用白纸卷成细条状;a cigar=卷成粗管状的烟叶)2. alcoholn. 酒精, 酒 n.酒精,乙醇 记忆方法
2、:饿可喝饿的时候可以喝点酒精【灵机一动】“alcohol”谐音“哎呦可好”,胡编:男人对酒精的歌颂“哎呦,可太好了!”酒之所以有如此之魅力,还得靠它的主要成分酒精(alcohol,学名“乙醇”)。酒精,酒之“精华”,它的另一种俗一些的说法叫spirit,它也是英语中表示“精神”的单词。an alcoholic drink 酒精饮料 alcohol加上后缀ic,可以变成形容词alcoholic,表示“含酒精的”。如:an alcoholic drink含酒精的饮料。alcoholic当名词讲则表示“酗酒者”。the habit of drinking 喝酒的习惯但我们日常生活中表示“喝酒”这个概
3、念,用最普通的单词drink就可以了。例如:He drinks他有喝酒的习惯。他喝酒。名词drinking表示“喝酒”这件事:He formed the habit of drinking in his teens他十几岁就养成了酗酒的恶习。wine(葡萄酒)。“葡萄藤”的英文叫做vine,二者之间的关系一目了然。常见的葡萄酒有 white wine(白葡萄酒)和red wine(红葡萄酒)。但wine这个词有时也可以指代“一切酒”,并且引申出很多有趣的说法,如wine bag(装酒的皮囊,引申为“酒鬼”):When wine is in,truth is out酒后吐真言。3. fitnes
4、sadj. 适合于-的。 be fit for something:适合某事 1. He isnt fit for the job. 他不适宜此工作。 2. This water is fit for drink. 这种水可以喝。 be fit for somebody to do something:某人适合做某事 3. The house isnt fit for you to live in. 这间房子不适合你居住。4. Its not fit for you to talk like that.你这样谈话是不得当的。 adj. 健康的,精力充沛的 6. Exercise keeps y
5、ou fit. 体育运动使你保持健康。 vt. 对- 适合,符合,适宜合适,强调大小、尺寸 7. This jacket fits me well. 这件夹克适合我。 8. The key doesnt fit the lock. 钥匙与锁不符。 9. This theory fits facts. 这条理论适合实际。 vi. 合适 10. The shoes fit perfectly. 这双鞋不合适。 11. He doesnt fit into the team. 他不宜在队中。 fit somebody to do something/fit somebody for somethin
6、g:使某人适合做某事 12)Vocational training will fit them for a good job. Vocational training will fit them to get a good job. 职业的培训使他们能找到一个好工作。 vt.安装 12. We fitted a new lock on the door. 我们给门安上了一个新锁。 注意suit表示的是颜色样式和款式的合适。 The color of the cloth suits a woman at my wifes age. 这块布料的颜色适合我妻子年龄的妇女。 Red and black
7、 are colors that suit me well.红和黑色对我来说非常合适。4. sex5. sexual6. stressn. 重压, 逼迫, 压力, 重点, 着重, 强调, 重音 vt. 着重, 强调, 重读 按(press)一下弹簧,压力(stress)即产生压力:stress vs. pressure词义辨析以上两个词中文意思相近,有时多少可以互相替换使用,但一般情况下应该使用哪个词都已经预定俗成。stress和pressure都指压迫人的力量。物理学上,stress指将物体朝两个不同方向牵引的力.pressure指将物体朝同一方向推的力。用于人时,stress指使人感到内心
8、痛苦的各种原因,pressure则指强制或促使某种行动的外部压力。因此stress通常为不好的东西.而适当增加pressure有时却是件好事。Stress results when one feels pulled in two different directions. Pressure is the result of being pushed to do more or to do something that one does not want to do.7. stressful8. adolescent9. due10. due todue to 1. 因为,由于Her absen
9、ce was due to the storm.由于风雨交加她没来。他们都有“由于”的意思,使用时注意区分 1because of意为由于,因为,强调因果关系,在句中仅作状语,修饰句中的一部分,与其他成分不用逗号隔开。如:We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback 我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧气。 2owing to与because of一样,也强调因果关系,除作状语外,也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子,可在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。如: They decided to cancel the flight,o
10、wing to the storm 由于这场暴风雨,他们决定取消这个航班。 His death was owing to an accident他死于一场事故。 3due to引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义,作状语时,一般不与其他成分隔开。如: This accident was due to(owing to)his careless driving 这次车祸是由于他开车疏忽大意造成的。 He arrived late due to(owing to)the storm由于暴风雨他来晚了。 Mistakes due to carelessn
11、ess may have serious consequences 由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。 4thanks to表示幸亏,多亏多用于表达正面意思,相当于感谢,在句中作状语和表语。如: Thanks to your advice,much trouble was saved 多亏你的建议,减少了许多麻烦。11. addicted12. addicted tobe addicted to是个词组表示沉迷于,嗜(好) 后面加名词或ing动名词13. addictiveaddict oneself to 沉溺于, 醉心于 addictive是衍生形容词,一样用to 14. nico
12、tine15. 【记】外来语,读:尼古丁16. accustomedbe accustomed to sth词组辨析:be used to, be accustomed to, adjust to, adapt tobe used to do sth. 过去常做,过去习惯于 be accustomed to doing sth 习惯于 It used to be said that 过去人们常说 adjust to 适应,调节 adapt to 适合 区别: adapt 指“修改或改变以适应新条件”, 如: You should adapt yourself to the new enviro
13、nment. 你应该适应新环境。 adjust 指“调整”、“调节”使之适应, 如: You cant see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes. 你把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后, 你才看得见。17. bad-tempered18. automaticautomatic a.1. 自动的,自动装置的This washing-machine is fully automatic.这台洗衣机是全自动的。2. 习惯性的,无意识的19. automatically20. mentalmental 中文解释:智力的,与精神有
14、关的;记忆方法:men 想成“人”,tal想成“tall”。(人要是长得太高,智力有可能不高,精神也有可能有问题)mental illness 精神病mental patient 精神病患者Dont listen to him; hes mental. 别听他的,他是个疯子。a.1. 精神的,心理的Her problem is mental, not physical.她的毛病是精神方面的,而不是身体方面的。2. 智力的,脑力的All humans do have some kind of innate mental ability.凡是人确有某种天生的智力。3. 内心的;在脑中进行的BHer
15、 mental anguish was beyond words.她内心的痛苦难以用言语形容。21. managemanage vt.1. 管理;经营;处理He manages a hotel for his father.他替他父亲经营一家旅馆。2. 控制;照管;驾驭She doesnt know how to manage her naughty children.她不知道怎样管好自己的顽皮孩子。3. 使用;操纵Can the child manage chopsticks now?孩子会用筷子了吗?4. 【口】(与can,could,be able to连用)得到;吃;安排(时间)做I
16、couldnt manage 2 weeks holiday this year.今年我不能安排两周的假期。I cant manage another mouthful.我一口也吃不下了。5. 设法做到;勉力完成+to-vHow did you manage to get their approval?你怎么得到他们的同意的?he could not guess how they managed_ A. doing this B. to doing this C. to do this D. have done this 答案是C .manage to do sth=succeed in do
17、ing sth=be successful in doing sth 成功地做了某事 翻译:他猜不出来他们是怎样成功地做到这一点的。22. lung23. pregnantadj. 怀孕的, 重要的, 富有意义的, 孕育的 A woman is pregnant for nine months before a child is born. 在小孩生出前,妇女要怀孕九个月。pregnant artists 有创造力的艺术家24. quitvi. 离开, 辞职, 停止 vt. 离开, 放弃, 解除, 停止 辞职联想记忆quilt(被子)(他卷着铺盖“被子”辞职了) abandon,desert,
18、forsake,quit都含有一定的放弃之意abandon 指完全、永远地放弃,尤指对之负有责任或义务者,放弃一个项目或计划desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等(擅离职守)forsake 指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物,着重于断绝情感上的依恋 eg. forsake ones wife and children遗弃妻儿;forsake bad habits摈弃坏习惯quit 指突然或出其不意地放弃,现一般指停止eg.quit work停止工作Quit it out!住嘴./住手. Ive quit my job. 我已辞职。 He has not quit smoking, but i
19、s holding down to three cigarettes a day. 他并没有戒烟,但是已减到每天只抽三支烟了。 One friend of mine has decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. 最近,我有一个朋友辞去了他公司里的那份工资高但要求也高的工作。25. decide ondecide on. 意思是“ 考虑后决定”,其中on是介词。 Finally, she decided on a pink dress. 最后,她选定了一件粉红色的衣服。 de
20、cide 意思是“决定;决意”,后面多接动词不定式和that从句(从句中的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”或动词原形)。 They decided that John (should) stay there. 他们决定约翰要留在那里。 She decided to live in London. 她决定住在伦敦。26. relaxation娱乐:amusements; entertainments; recreation; distractions; diversions; pastimes; relaxations27. chemist28. gumgum1 n.1. 树胶,树脂U2
21、. 胶,粘合剂U3. 橡皮糖,口香糖UHe was reading the newspaper, gum in mouth.他一边嚼着口香糖一边看报。4. 橡胶树C5. 【美】橡胶套鞋P6. 眼屎Uvt.1. 用胶(水)涂2. (用胶)粘合OCan you gum this piece of wood on to the wall?你能不能把这片木头粘到墙上去?29. chewing gum30. weakenweaken vt.1. 削弱,减弱;减少We never weaken our efforts in face of difficulties.我们在困难面前从不松劲。2. 使变弱;使
22、变淡vi.1. 变弱;变衰弱His sense of duty never weakens.他的责任感从不会减弱。2. 变软弱;畏缩;动摇31. ashamedashamed a.F1. 羞愧的,感到难为情的(+of)+to-v+thatShe was ashamed of having failed in the examination.她因考试不及格而感到羞愧。2. 耻于.的,因难为情而不愿.的+to-vShe was ashamed to tell anyone that she had fallen in love with him.她羞于告诉任何人自己爱上了他。32. eventua
23、llyeventually ad.1. 最后,终于The government eventually collapsed in 1970.该政府终于在一九七年倒台了。He fell ill and eventually died.他得了病,最后去世了。at last, at length, eventually, finally, in the end, lastly 这些词或词组均含有“最后,终于”之意。 at last多指经主观努力,克服各种困难后才终于达到目的。 at length强调经历一段长时间后终于完成,侧重在时间部分。 eventually侧重于动作或行为的结果。 finally
24、常与at last换用,都可用于对往事的描述,但finally不带感情色彩,指一系列事情的最后结局。 in the end与at last同义,但in the end不仅可指“过去”还可表示对“未来”的预计。 lastly指连续顺序的最后,通常用在列举事情的场合。33. production34. in spite ofthough, although, while, as, despite, in spite of都有尽管的意思,但怎么区别呢although, though, as, even though, even if, despite, (in) despite of, in spi
25、te of等,除了后三者是介词(短语)外,其余都是从属连词。 一. 从属连词although, though, as, even though, even if的用法 1.在自然语序的让步状语从句中,although, though, even though的用法相同,均可置于句首或从句首,常与动词连用,只是thouth比另两者要通俗些。如: Though/Although/Even though its hard work, I enjoy it.尽管这项工作艰难,我却喜欢它。 Although/Though/Even though we all tried our best, we los
26、t the game.(=We lost the game although/though/even though we tried our best.)虽然我们已经尽了最大的力量,但还是输了。 注意:上述的句型都不能用as代替though, although或even though。 2.当让步状语从句的动词用一般现在时表示将来的假说或一般的行为习惯时,通常用even though/even if,一般不用though, although和as,如: Even if/Even thouth I have to walk all the way,Ill go there. 即使我得一路走着去,
27、我也要走到那里。 She wont leave the TV set even though/even if suppers on the table. 即使晚饭已摆在桌上,她也不愿意离开电视机。 但是,有时though+情态动词+行为动词也可替代even though/even if+动词的一般现在时来表示习惯性的行为。如: Even if/Even though you dont like wine(=though you may not like wine),try a glass of this. 尽管你不喜欢酒,也要喝一杯这样的酒。 3. 当让步状语从句的动词用虚拟式表示与事实相反的
28、假说时,大多数用even though/even if, 而不用though, although和as,如: It was a sword-thrust, received from twenty to twenty-four hours before, but nothing could have saved him even if/even though he had been tended without delay. 那是一处二十至二十四小时前被剑刺的伤口,但是,即使他当时得到及时的救护,也没法挽救他的命。 You are not stupid. Even though/Even if
29、 you were slow at study, you shouldnt give up your studies. 你并不傻,即使你学得慢一点,也不应该放弃学习。 4.在倒装语序的让步状语从句中,通常用though或as,不用although, even though。如: Poor though/as I am, I can afford beer. 虽然我穷,我还可以买得起啤酒。 Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 尽管我还小,但对要从事的职业已经胸有成竹。 Strange though
30、it may seem, it is true. 尽管这事似乎很奇怪,可是是真的。 Try as he would/might, he couldnt open the door.虽然他试了几次,却仍打不开那门。 5.在省略了主语、be动词或行为动词的让步状语从句中,常常用though/although,而不用as, even though, even if,如: Her appointment was a significant(success),although/though( it was a )temporary success. 她受聘虽然是临时性的,但却是一大成功。 He perf
31、ormed the task well, although/though(he performed it)slowly.尽管他做得有些慢,但把任务完成得很好。 It is a sunny day, though/although (it is) cold. 今天虽然冷,但阳光充足。 注意:上述三句中的although/though可用albeit代替,只是albeit比另两者更文雅、更正式一些,如: Her appointment was a significant, albeit temporary success. He performed the task well, albeit sl
32、owly. It is a sunny day, albeit cold. 6.though作副词时表示“尽管如此”,一般置于句末,可用however代替,此时不能用although/even though/as等代替。如: We all tried our best. We lost the game, though/however. 我们都已尽了最大的力量,尽管如此,我们还是输了。 The task was very hard. He decided to perform it, though/however. 任务很艰巨,尽管如此,他还是决定去执行。 注意:当however置于第二句(表
33、示结果)的句首时,不能用though来代替,如上述两句可改为: We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. The task was very hard. However, he decided to perform it. 7.当状语从句用although/though/as/even though时,不能与but连用,但可与yet连用,如: Although/Though/Even though he is old, (yet) he is quite strong. 虽然他老了,但是还是十分强壮。 Child as/though h
34、e is, (yet) he knows a lot of Chinese characters.尽管他是个小孩,却懂得很多汉字。 二、介词(短语)despite/(in)despite of/in spite of的用法 在英语中,despite/(in)despite of/in spite of是介词(短语),都可接名词(短语)、动名词(短语),只是(in)despite of是较古老的用语,这短语中的in可以省略。如: They had a wonderful holiday, despite/in spite of/(in) despite of bad weather. 尽管天气不
35、好,他们的假日还是过得极为愉快。 Despite/In spite of/(In) despite of wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letters.她尽管很想再见到他,但却不愿意给他回信。 Despite/In spite of/(In) despite of the fact that we tried our best, we didnt win. 尽管我们尽了最大的努力,我们还是没有得胜。35. feel like doing36. risk37. take risks/a risk38. at riska
36、t risk 在危险中 n. 风危, 冒险 (保险损失的)风险(率); 保险金额; 被保险人物 risk capital (=venture capital) 冒风险投资的资本 a poor risk for surgery 手术成功的希望不大的病患 【习惯用语】 at risk 在危险中 (妇女不采取避孕措施)冒怀孕的危险 at all risks (=at any risk) 无论冒什么危险; 无论如何 at the risk of (=at risk to) 冒.之险; 不顾.之风险 run take a risk(s) 冒险 runtake the risk of doing sth.
37、 冒险做某事 take no risks 慎重行事39. get intoget into 1. (使)穿上I cant get into these shoes.这双鞋我穿不上。2. (使)陷入He got into debt.他欠下债务。3. 学会Ill soon get into the way of things.我不久就会学会处理事务的方法。get into trouble = 陷入困境,惹上麻烦 get out of trouble = 脱困40. stand forstand for ()1. 代表;象征The American flag stands for freedom a
38、nd justice.美国国旗代表自由及公平。What do the letters UN stand for?字母UN代表什么?2. 主张;支持,拥护We stand for self-reliance.我们主张自力更生。3. 容忍,忍受I wont stand for this insolence. 我决不容忍这种傲慢无礼的行为.41. illegalillegal a.1. 不合法的,非法的;违反规则的All he has done is illegal.他所做的一切均属非法。n.C1. 非法移民2. 间谍,密探记忆方法:il(否定)=legal(合法)不合法的It is illegal
39、 to steal things. 偷东西是违法的。随着经济的发展,有车一族越来越多。遵守交通规则,就是珍爱生命。本篇我们就在学习英语的同时,顺便温习一下交通规则(traffic regulation)吧!red/green light红/绿灯amber light黄灯traffic police交警traffic post交通岗小的时候,脑子里有的交通规则就是红绿灯(traffic lights);红灯和绿灯分别称做redgreen light,没有争议;但黄灯通常叫做amber light(琥珀色灯)。大马路宽又宽,警察叔叔(交通警察叫做traffic police)站中间他站的地方叫做t
40、raffic post(交通岗)。zebra crossing/zebra stripes斑马线我们要过马路(cross the street)时,一定要走人行横道,英语里叫做zebra crossing或zebra stripes(斑马线).除了这个,还有safety island(安全岛)等一类人性化的措施。像北京长安街一样的“主干道”,英语里叫做artery traffic;“辅路”叫做auxiliary lane。有些车道是只能自行车通行的,路牌上会有cyclist only的标志。有的地区“禁止驶入”,会有no entry的字样。speed limit退速超速(speeding)是司
41、机生命的大敌,它来自speed(速度)。每一条道路都会有speed limit(限速),如highway(高速公路)为120kmh时速120千米。driving without license无证驾驶drink and drive酒后驾车be ticketed 被开罚单有些违法行为是很严重的,比如driving with-out license(无证驾驶),可能有被拘留的危险。drink and drive(酒后驾车)甚至会坐牢。但像“非法停车”illegal parking这类轻微违法,被贴个条子ticket就行了。千万别以为这ticket是音乐会的门票。ticket还可以当动词,意思是“开
42、罚单”:I was ticketed again to-day今天我又被贴条子了a chain collision连环撞车hit-run driver肇事逃逸司机司机最怕的就是collision(撞车)。我们在电视里经常看到“连环撞车”的场面,这在英语里叫做a chain collision。不过即使真撞了人,也不要做hit-nln driver(肇事逃逸司机),新交通法规定,这等人是一定要坐牢的。看了本篇是不是对交通规则有了点了解?快数数自己今天又掌握了多少语言知识吧!Traffic n交通,通行交易,买卖Regulation n规则,规章Amber adj琥珀琥珀色(黄色)的Zebra n
43、斑马Stripe n斑纹,条纹Collision n碰撞,冲突Highway n公路,大路Speeding n超速行驶Illegal adj违法的,不合规定的License n许可(证),执照Chain n一连串,一系列42. flun. 流感 中文解释:流行性感冒记忆方法:发音想成“腹露”(肚子露在外面,着凉了,就会感冒) 鼻涕flow(流)因为得flu(流感)The bird flu _through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far,_16.A. sweeps; killed B. swept; k
44、illing C. sweeping; to kill D. sweeping; killing 席卷亚洲的禽流感从鸟类传播到人类到目前为止已经至少20次,以致16人死亡。43. immuneadj. 免疫的 adj. 免疫的,不受影响的;豁免的,免除的这个词的发音好似“疫苗”。“疫苗”者,免疫之苗也。这个词的本义是“对病免疫的”He is immune to several kinds of disease.他对几种病都有免疫力。(这里要用介词to来引导“病”。)可以引申成“不受影响的”:Dont talk about that to him. He is immune to persuas
45、ion.别对他提起那件事。他是不可能被说服的。(他对“劝说”一事不感冒。)从法律上来说,是“免除的,豁免的”意思:The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police.罪犯被告知说,如果他协助警方,就可以免受惩罚。(这种场合一般用介词from。)加ity变名词 immunity, 免疫力:People in some tribes have natural immunity to many diseases.一些部落的人对很多疾病有天然的免疫力。(在这里就要用介词to。)44. fluidfluid a.1. 流动的;流体的;液体的2. 不固定的;易变的My holiday plans are fluid.我的假日计划是易变的。3. 流畅的The professor praised her fluid style.教授称赞她流畅的文体。n.1. 流体,流质;液CUAll liquids and gases are fluids.所有液体与气体都是流体。fluid表示流淌,而id作形容词尾缀表示“特征”,因此fluid根本的含义是“流动的特征”,“液体”。45. injectinject
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