高中英语选修七unit5重点词汇 短语讲解学案 及练习含解析(13页).doc

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1、-高中英语选修七unit5重点词汇 短语讲解学案 及练习含解析适用学科英语适用年级高中二年级适用区域陕西 西安课时时长（分钟）60知识点非限定性定语从句，名词辨析，动词辨析，动词短语辨析教学目标掌握选修七 unit 5重点词汇，短语，句型。同时，训练阅读理解能力和综合语言能力。教学重点掌握选修七 unit5 重点词汇，短语，句型。同时，训练阅读理解能力和综合语言能力。教学难点训练阅读理解能力和综合语言能力。教学过程 一、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节内容，并引入本节课程内容 二、知识讲解本节课主要知识点解析，中高考考点、易错点分析考点/易错点1 重点词汇1. kind : “this/that

2、kind/sort/type of + 单数或复数名词”做主语时，其谓语动词一般用单数形式，而在比较正式的用语中，复数名词可放在前面，即：单/复数名词+of+this/kind, 这时谓语动词由名词的数来决定，因为此时名词已成为中心词。This kind of questions is very difficult to answer.= Questions of this kind are very difficult to answer.That kind of shoes is fashionable.= Shoes of that kind are fashionable.表示数量的短

3、语：a great deal of/ an amount of “大量的”， 后加不可数名词a good /great manya number of “大量的”只修饰可数名词a lot of/ plenty of/ a quantity of 许多/ the rest “剩余的”即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。Quantities of food were supplied to the area of being flooded.A large quantity of beer has been sold.2. by （1）在近处（位置）He would stand by the wi

4、ndow for a few hours. (2) （示移动方向）沿，经，由，从旁边经过 I passed by me without noticing me.I go the house every day. (3)不迟于 ,在以前Will you finish the task by tomorrow? By this time tomorrow he will be here. (4) （表示方法、手段） 由，靠，通过 They intended to leave by the first train. (5) 相差（数目或程度） His horse won by a noise. 以仅

5、有的一点优势 I was late by ten minutes. (6) 表示大小，次第，逐一 The students entered 2 by 2 . Time went by little by little. (7) (表示关系) 就来说He is an Englishman by birth. She is a doctor by profession.职业医生 相关短语by doing sth 通过做某事（来达到目的）little by little 一点一点，逐渐地，慢慢地 by the time 到那时为止 by air/sea/land/car/bus/bike/plane

6、 乘 by means of 用,依靠 by the way 顺便问一下 by the hour/the week/the year以小时、周、年来记报酬 call sb by name 叫某人的名字 know sb by name 知道某人的名字 by far 得多， 最 day by day 日复一日 by oneself 独自 by hand 用手 by mistake 弄错3 adjust (1) 调节/调整(使适合) I must adjust my watch; its slow. Your collar need adjusting.整理 (2) 使适应/ 适应 It took

7、her quite a long time to adjust to living alone in a foreign country. 近义词： adapt to其中to是介词，后接v-ing形式(即to doing现象)类似的短语： devoteto /be devoted to , make contributions to , be/get used to , be accustomed to , look forward to, pay attention to, get down to , lead to, stick to , object to, in addition to

8、 , on the way to , turn to, belong to , reply to, see to (负责，照看) 等4 experience (1)（U） 经验 Mike is a man of much/ rich experience. Mr Black , a friend of my fathers , is a teacher with 30 years experience.(2) (C ) 经历，阅历 Our journey by camel was an unforgettable experience.(3) V 经历，感受 I have experience

9、d what hardship means. 我体验过艰苦生活。 Our country has experienced great changes in the last 30 years. experienced 有经验的， educated 受过教育的， skilled 技术熟练的 experiment 实验5 board (1) V Youd better board the train now. Its time to leave. (2) V 食宿 Im boarding with a friend. 我和一个朋友一块住。 (3) n 长薄且扁平的木板（常用于合成词） blackb

10、oard notice board chessboard (4) n 膳食费用 I paid $ 10 a week for board and lodging. 我每周付10元的食宿费。 词组：on board 在船上，在飞机上 boarding card 登船（机）票/证 boarding house 供食宿的宿舍6 dream (1) （n） 梦想，梦 He had a dream of being a teacher. (2) v 常与 of /about 连用 He had ever dreamed of becoming a famous actor. (3) dream a st

11、range dream 同源宾语 live a happy life 7 expect (1) v 预料，期待，预期 I expect that he will pass the examination. He expects to fail the examination. 他料想无法通过考试。（2） v 期望、盼望某事，尤指好事发生，常用于进行时态。 Im expecting a letter.（等） Im expecting John any minute now. 我现在时时刻刻在等着（3“以为，认为 ”相当于suppose I expect it was the cat that b

12、roke the cup. expected (adj) 预料之中的 unexpected （adj） 未预料到的 expectation （n） 预期指点迷津： （1） hope 表示“祝愿，愿望”不可接复合宾语或双宾语 hope sb sth 或hope sb to do sth (2) wish 愿望实现的可能不大，常用虚拟语气。可以说wish sb 或 wish sb to do sth(3) expect “期待”，确信某事必将发生。多用于好的事物 expect sb to do sth expect too much of sb 对某人期望过高 only to be expecte

13、d 可能发生，相当正常(4) look forward to “期待，盼望” 其中to 为介词e.g.Mike_ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. A expected B was expecting C was expected D would be expected8. lecture (1) 讲课，上课n Mr Smith gave us an interesting lecture. (2) 做演讲，讲课 Professor Zhang is not lecturing this term. (3) （因某事）斥责

14、或告诫某人 Do stop lecturing me! 别教训我了。a lecture tour 巡回演讲 give sb a lecture 训斥某人 give a lecture 讲课deliver a lecture 上课 lecture sb for/ about sth 因某事斥责或告诫某人9. qualification (n)（1） 考试及格证书，执照 He has got a medical qualification. 他已取得医学资格证。（2） 资格（常用复数） He has the right qualifications for the job.qualify (v)

15、取得资格，修饰，限制 qualified 合格的 quality 品质，素质 quantity 数量10. prepare : prepare sth prepare sb for sth prepare for sth be （well）prepared for sth prepare to do sth in preparation make preparations for11. before (1) prep 在前面 He stood before her. (2) prep （表示时间）在以前 Please come before 10 oclock. (3) adv 以前 I ha

16、ve never seen him before. (4) conj 在之前 We do want to buy something before prices go up. before long 不久以后 long before 很久以前 It wont be long before不久就 E.g. A dozen ideas were considered _ the chief architect decided on the design of the building. A because B before C whether D unless12. host (1) (n) (待

17、客的)主人 I was away so my son acted as host. Beijing is the host of (2) n (电视节目等)主持人 The host on tonights show is Max Astor. hostess 女主(持)人(v) 主持，主办某项活动 Beijing has got the opportunity to host the 2008 Olympic Games.13. live (1) vi “活，生存”The doctors dont think he will live through the night. (2) vi“居住”

18、 Where do you live? (3) vt 相当于lead “过一样的生活” Now people in our country are living a happy life. (4) adj “活的”一般用来指动物 He caught some live fish with no tools. (5) adj “现场直播的” The CCTV made a live coverage of the World Cup.短语： live with 忍受，和一起住 live on 靠生活/生存 live up to 遵守，达到符合，不辜负（他人的期望） live through 度过

19、，经历（灾难或其他困境）而幸存14. comfort （1） U 舒适，身体健康 They did everything for our comfort. 尽力使我们舒适。 Her children are a great comfort for her.（2）帮助，安慰，仁爱 The news brought comfort to all of us. 给大家带来了安慰。（3）v The child ran to its mother to be comforted.以求安慰。 He tried to comfort her by telling her that everything wo

20、uld be all right. comfortable 安逸的，舒适的 comfortless 无安慰的，不舒适的 comforter 安慰者，羊毛围巾15. substitute (n) (1) “代替，替换”，后常与for 连用Honey can be used as a substitute for sugar. He is a substitute player on the team. 他是替补队员。 （2） “用代替”，后接for We substituted potatoes for rice. 用土豆代替米饭。 We must substitute a new chair

21、for the broken one. 短语： substitute sth for sth 某物代替某物 substitute sb for sb 某人代替某人 replace sth with sth 用某物代替某物 change sth for sth 用某物替换某物 take the place of 代替 take ones place 代替 in place of 代替 instead （of）代替，而不是16. help 组成的词组： help oneself to sth 自取/随便用 cant help doing 情不自禁地做某事 help （sb）out 帮助（某人）摆脱

22、困境can not help but do 不得不做 with the help of 在的帮助下 with ones help注：改错中经常把with the help of写成under the help of17. academic (1) adj “学院的，学校的”，常作定语。The academic year usually starts in September. 一学年通常是从9月开始的。(2)n 大学讲师，高等学校的学生 He is an academic in Oxford University. academy 学院，专科院校 18. requirement （1）依赖或需

23、要的事物，常用做复数。 Our latest model should meet your requirements exactly. Our immediate requirement is extra staffs.我们急需额外的工作人员。 (2) 规定或要求的事物 Not all visitors satisfy the legal entry requirement.不是所有的外宾都符合法律上的入境规定。 require （v）require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 require that 从句用虚拟语气The requirement is that从句用虚拟语气T

24、he requirement is that all the workers (should) start to work at 7:30.His health requires that he (should) go to bed early.19. tutor (1) 私人教师，家教，导师 A tutor to taught the children while they were in hospital. (2) 课本，特别指音乐课本My son has got a violin tutor from school. (3) 教，教某人 He often tutors a child o

25、f his friends for an examination.他经常辅导他朋友的孩子准备考试(4) vt （control ）控制，约束自己的感情 It is important to tutor yourself to be patient. 培养你的耐心是重要的。 短语： tutor sb in sth 教某人某事 tutor ones passions 抑制某人的感情 tutor oneself to be patient 培养自己的耐心/耐性20. numb （ adj ）“失去感觉的，麻木的”常用比喻义。The shock left me numb. 我惊呆了。 She was

26、numb with terror. 她吓得不能动了。 句中with 用来表示原因，意为“因为，由于” He trembled with fear.His fingers were numb with cold. He was shaking with laughter. Her face was red with cold.His face turned red with embarrassment. Ill do with pleasure.21. concern (v) 使人担忧，烦恼 Our losses are beginning to concern me.be concerned

27、about/ for/ over 对担忧 be concerned in与某事有牵连，对某事负责be concerned with 与有关22. confuse （v） 使混乱/糊涂/弄错 I was confused by the noise around.Her unexpected arrival confused all our plans.I always confuse the twin sisters. They look so alike.get confused 困惑不解，糊涂的 confusing 莫名其妙的，难以理解的 confusion 迷惑23.lack （n & V

28、） （1） “没有，缺乏”常与of 连用 The plants died for lack of water. The project was abandoned for lack of money. (2) Vt “缺乏，没有”直接加宾语 We lack knowledge and skill. His parents lack the money to send him to university. for lack of 因缺乏have no lack of 不缺乏. lack for nothing 一无所缺 be lacking in 缺乏注：在作状语的时候，lacking=lack

29、 of 在作谓语的时候，lack=be lack of24.improve (1) (vt) 使变好，使改善 I want to improve my English. (2) 变好，改善 I think your English is improving. His health is improving.= He is improving in health. improvement 改善，改进，增进25.appear (vi) 出现，出版，到场 That the pop singer appeared made his fans crazy. If I fail to appear by

30、seven oclock I will not come at all. (2) 看起来，似乎 He appears to want to leave as early as possible. It appears that he will win. = It appears as if/as though he will win. to do He appeared to have been told everything. appear that-clause as if/ as though It appears/ seems that 看起来似乎 There appears/seem

31、s to be It looks/ seems/appears as if disappear (v) 消失 disappearance (n) 消失 appear 与disappear 无被动语态26.content (1) (n) 所容纳之物，所含之物,内容（contents）He tipped the contents of the bag onto the table. 他把提包里的东西倒在桌子上。 Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building.He hadnt read the letter and so

32、was unaware of its contents(2) （书的）目录 （contents）a table of contents 目录 a contents page 目录页（3） (书，讲话，节目等的)主题，主要内容 Your tone of voice is as important as what you have to say. . The content of the course depends on what the students would like to study. Her poetry has a great deal of political content.

33、(4) 含量，容量（用于名词后） food with a high fat content the alcohol content of a drink(5) adj 满足，满意(不用于名词前) be content with Not content with stealing my girlfriend, she has turned all my friends against me.be content to do 愿意做 Im content to wait. contented（尤指因生活好而）满足的，满意的（用于名词前）a contented smile He is a conte

34、nted man. contentment(n)27. occupy (1) (vt) 占据充满 The speeches occupied 3 hours. 发言共占了3个小时。 Many problems occupied his mind. 他脑子里装着许多问题。 （2） 军事占领 take possession of The army occupied the enemys capital. (3)占有房屋、土地 They occupy the room next door. 他们住在隔壁房间。 （4） 担任某职 My sister occupies an important posi

35、tion in her firm. be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth 忙于某事28. common (1) 普通的，常见的 common sense/knowledge 常识 （2） 一般的，平常的 He is not an officer, but a common soldier. (3) 共同的 ，共有的 We share a common purpose. (4) n 公地，公用草地，公园 Every Saturday Mary goes riding on the village common. (5) in co

36、mmon “共有，公用”常与with连用 In common with many young people ,he prefers pop music to classical music. Mr and Mrs Smith own the store in common. have a lot in common with have much in common with have a great deal in common with have little in common with have nothing in common with29. follow （1）跟随，跟着，继续 T

37、he boy followed his father out. (2) 跟踪，追捕I think we are being followed. (3)从事 He follows the trade of baker. (4) 理解 Do you follow what I am saying? (5) 听从，遵循 follow ones advice follow the instructions 按指示办事 (6) 沿着（道路等）而行 Follow this road until you get to the corner, then turn left. following (adj) 下

38、一个，其次的 ；（prep） 在之后 as follow如下 The students came in, following their teacher. The teacher came in ,followed by his students.30. deserve “应受（奖赏） ，应得，值得” 不用于进行时态，后接 to do 、n、 pron 。 They deserve to be sent to prison. 他们应当入狱。 deserving 应得的，值得的She deserves a reward for her effort.她积极努力应该受到奖赏。31.succeed

39、(1) 接着，继续 A silence succeed his words . (2) “继承，继位，继续 ” Miss Black succeed Mr Smith as our teacher. 继之后当了 When the king died, his eldest son succeeded. 国王死后其长子继位。 (3) 成功达到，成功，后常接（in） doing sth He succeed in winning the first place. success (n) successful (adj) successfully (adv)32. lively, live, liv

40、ing, alive 与 lovely(1) lively “活泼的，活跃的，有生气的，生动的” a lively girl 活泼的女孩 a lively class (2) live “活的” 常用于指动物，只能做前置定语； “现场直播的”，可做定语也可作表语； vt 生活，居住（3）living 活着的，有生命的，在世的； n 生计，谋生 living things make a living (4) alive “活着的” ，表语形容词，强调状态，也可做后置定语或补语。(5) lovely 可爱的，美丽的，动人的，快乐的lovely voice 甜润的声音 lovely dinner可口

41、的饭菜考点/易错点2重点短语 24 used to 过去常常， be used to do 被用来做 be used to doing 习惯于25 take up (1) 占去时间/精力Writing takes up most of his spare time. It wont take up much time. (2) 占据空间（面积） The table takes up too much room. (3) 继续，接下去 Ill take up the story where I finished yesterday. (4) 开始从事 She took up painting w

42、hen she was a five-year-old girl.短语： take back 收回 take in 吸收，欺骗 take off起飞，成名，脱掉（衣服，鞋帽等） take for granted 认为理所当然 take away 带走 take down 拆掉 take over接管 take place 发生 take on 呈现，雇佣 take part in 参加 take it easy 别紧张考点/易错点3重点语法1 .recommend （1）“ 推荐，赞许,称赞”常与介词to , for , as 连用 recommendation (n) Ca。n you re

43、commend a good dictionary to me?They recommend him for the job/ as a good lawyer.。 recommend doing He recommend a book on English study to me.recommend recommend sb to do sth recommend that 从句（用虚拟语气）I recommend buying this dictionary.The doctor recommend his patient to go out for a walk.The teacher

44、recommended that everyone (should) take an active part in the English party. 相关用法：(1) advise sb to do sth allow sb to do sth permit sb to do sth forbid sb to do sth advising doing allowing doing permit doing forbid doing suggest doing (2) 后接宾语从句常用虚拟语气的词： advise, suggest, demand, desire, insist(坚持做)

45、，order, require, command, urge, recommend 等2 . do you think 常做插入语，句子以特殊问词开头，且用陈述语序 What do you think her address is? （1） 类似的用法： do you believe , do you imagine, do you expect 等，但do you know 无此用法。（2）表示“相信，认为”的结构，常用 I think /suppose/ expect/ imagine/ hopeso .I suppose /expect/hope/ guess /believe not

46、. I dont think so. (3)否定转移结构： think, believe, suppose, expect , feel , imagine 等 I dont think he will come here today. He doesnt feel he can stand it much longer.反义疑问句： 若主语是第一人称，谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose等时，反义问句的谓语动词及主语要与从句保持一致。 I dont think he is serious, _?He doesnt feel it is wise to give a child whatever he want, _?例：Im sure youd rather sh