2022年人教版中考英语总复习第三部分题型专题突破 专题四 阅读理解.docx

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1、专题四阅读理解题型概述近三年考点分布年份语篇体裁话题分值2021A应用文通过介绍电影角色学习描述人物特征的单词6B记叙文介绍天才少年Mike8C记叙文讲述作者救助一只喜鹊并将其送回它父母身边的经历8D说明文介绍目前全球食物浪费的问题6E说明文介绍“蝙蝠侠效应”以及如何利用这一效应6F记叙文通过介绍智者和儿子的故事，告诉我们既要追求 目标，同时也要享受过程62020A应用文介绍四个人对于如何使用1美元的想法6B记叙文讲述Darrius的励志故事8C记叙文讲述作者如何养成写日记的习惯以及写日记带来的好处6D记叙文讲述老渔民肖吕应组建志愿队清理长江垃圾的故事6E说明文介绍拉戈梅拉岛居民的-种独特的交

2、流方式吹口哨8F记叙文讲述杉树是如何明白自己存在的意义的62019A应用文介绍四个预计会很受中国游客青睐的太平洋岛国及它们各自的特色8B说明文介绍一种新的锻炼方式水中运动及它的好处8C记叙文讲述Maggie Doyne的慈善事迹8D说明文介绍世界水资源短缺问题及可行的解决方法10The other animals thought Turkey was too proud.They decided to give him a lesson.And then,no one saw Turkey for several days.Everyone began to feel bad about wh

3、at they did.They looked for Turkey everywhere.They just wanted to teach him to be humble. 49.What does the underlined word humble mean in Chinese?（ ）A.善良的B.温和的C随意的 D.谦逊的典例4 （2021 辽宁抚顺阅读Passage 4节选） “My experience shows that although travel is much easier and faster today,the distance between culture

4、s hasnt shortened,Cao said.She hopes to build bridges and break down misunderstandings between different cultures.48.The underlined word “misunderstandings“ means .（）A.融合B.交流C差异D.误解典例5 （2020.安徽中考抓分卷三阅读E篇节选） Black holes can be big or small.Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as jus

5、t one atom（原 子）.These black holes are small but have the mass of a large mountain.Mass is the amount（数量）of matter in an object.The mass of a big black hole can be over one million suns together. 7O.The underlined word mass means in Chinese.（）A.厚度B.质量C.体积D.面积典例6 （2018安徽阅读A篇节选）Kites have quite a long

6、history.The earliest kites were made of wood,instead of paper.The three most famous kites are the Beijing kite,Tianjin kite and Weifang kite.Each has its own feature.For example,the bird- shaped kite with long wings is a special kind of the Beijing kite.73.What does the underlined word “feature mean

7、 in the text?( )A.特征B.地貌C.五官D.影片典例7 (2019安徽阅读D篇节选)While 75% of our planet is covered with water,only about 2% is fresh water-that comes from rivers,lakes,ice and snow.The rest,98% of the water,is in seas and oceans.lt is too salty to drink.Then desalination businesses come in.More than 19,000 factor

8、ies have been built around the world,mostly in coastal countries.They process(力口工)more than 92 million tons of water every day.But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.85.What does the underlined word desalination” in Paragraph 3 mean?( )A.远洋运输B.潮汐发电C.食盐销售D.海水淡化 典例8 (2018安徽阅读C篇节选) Every

9、year,there are competitions for the largest vegetables,but dont expect to win:Britains biggest carrot is almost six meters long.82.What does the writer mean by the underlined sentence?( )A.It is easy to grow big vegetables.B.It is hard to win the competition.C.The carrot is much easier to grow.D.The

10、 carrot is his favorite vegetable.典彳列 8 分析:画线句是对“Every year,there are competitions for the largest vegetables,but dont expect to win”的举例证明。由此可推知，此句的言外之意是指在该比赛中获胜不容易。应选B项。(8)根据生活常识猜测词义。有时,我们可以利用自己的生活常识来猜测生词的含义。典例9分析:根据上文及生活常识可知，他们提供的一些垃圾被送到了处理站,而一些可以被再利用 的垃圾那么被出售。由此可推断,disposal意为“处理应选A项。典例9 (2020.安徽阅

11、读D篇节选)Every week,the team go along the river to collect waste and make sure no one is fishing on the river.Some of the waste they collect is sent to the disposal station,while some that can be reused is sold.So far,they have cleaned over 50 tons of waste.Thanks to their hard work,the Yangtze River i

12、s getting clearer. 67.What does the underlined word “disposal“ in Paragraph 3 mean?( ) A.处理B.传播 C.救护D.保养 命题点4段落/主旨大意题 1 .设题特点。此类题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章或段落进行归纳、概括或评价,对考生的理解和概括 能力要求较高。做这种题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语就断章取义，如涉及主题(main idea)、结论 (conclusion)结局(end)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常 识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含

13、的信息。2.设问方式。Whats the main idea of this passage? (2)What is the passage mainly about?(3)What does the passage mainly discuss/talk about?(4)The writer means to tell us that.(5)The main idea of the passage is that.(6)The passage is mainly about.(7)What is Paragraph.main 1 y about?(8)What,s the first/se

14、cond/third.paragraph mainly about? 3 ,解题策略。留心关键词，抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节，推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词，即文章中反复出现的、与主题有关的实词，如名词、动词等。冠词或介词等虚词均不在 关键词之列。需要注意的是，为了防止同一词的过多重复出现，文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词, 或用代词指代。我们知道，并不是所有文章都包含明确的主题句。大多数记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具 体的细节中，作者通过众多的细节事实对中心思想进行论述。因此，我们必须善于串联主要细节，从中归纳 文章的中心思想。典例1分析:根据文章中反复出现的关键词olive oil及全文内容

15、可知，本文主要介绍了橄榄油的有关 信息。应选D项。（2）注意主题句/段，归纳段落/主旨大意。抓住段落大意或主旨大意的捷径之一是抓住主题句/段。主题句是能够概括或表达段落或文章主题 的句子。段落主题句通常出现在段首或段尾，偶尔出现在段中。文章主题句也常出现在文章开头或结尾, 有些文章会出现主题段。考生可以在找出主题句/段的基础上，结合全段或全文内容,归纳出段落大意或主 旨大意。典例2分析:文章第二段（节选段）第一句Keeping a diary helps a lot.”是本段的主题句,所以本段主要 介绍了写日记的好处。应选D项。典例3分析:文章第一段（节选段）为文章的主题段，再结合全文内容可知

16、,本文主要介绍耳朵是如何工 作的。应选A项。典例1 （2016.安徽阅读C篇节选）Olive oil has also been an important product in the business and culture of Mediterranean countries.Sometimes winners were also given a prize of olive oiLPeople from Greece built ships so that they could use olive oil for trade.But it was the Romans who grew

17、the olive tree in the rest of southern Europe and northern Africa.Today,olive oil is still a very valuable product,and many different kinds of olive oil are sold in countries all over the world.82.The passage is mainly about .()A.the method of cookingB.the trade of GreeceC.the history of the Olympic

18、 GamesD.the story of olive oil典例2 (2020.安徽阅读C篇节选)Keeping a diary helps a lot.Studies have shown that people who keep a diary sleep and feel better.lt helps people remember what once happened such as dreams,friendships and happiness .Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and m

19、ove on.Personally,I learn better about myself and my relationships with others by keeping a diary.65.What is the second paragraph(段落)mainly about?( )A.Reasons for fighting with Dad.B.Rules of comparing with others.C.Ways of having clear skin.D.Advantages of keeping a diary.典例3 (2021.广西贵港阅读A篇节选)Human

20、s have many organs(器官),but you can enjoy lots of things because of your ears.Do you know how the ears work? 6O.What,s the main idea of the passage?( ) A.How ears work.B.What ears can hear.C.How we protect ears.D.Where ears send messages to.命题点5标题归纳题.设题特点。此类题考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的理解和归纳能力。1 .设问方式。(l)Whats th

21、e best title for the passage?(2)What would be the best title for the passage?(3)The best title for the passage is.(4)Which of the following can/might be the best title (for the passage/text)?2 ,解题策略。(1)通过关键词归纳标题。考生在阅读文章时要注意反复出现或强调的信息，找出关键词，并结合选项归纳出文章标题。典例1分析:根据文章中出现的多个近义关键词smart city“making cities s

22、marter”等并结合全文内 容可知，本文主要介绍了未来的智能化城市。应选B项。(2)通过各段落或文章主题句归纳标题。文章主题句/段一般可以归纳文章主要内容，所以根据文章主题句来归纳文章大意是常用的方法。有 时文章中并没有出现明确的主题句，此时，需要先归纳出各段的主题，进而掌握文章的主旨,从而归纳出文 章的标题。典例2分析:文章第一段（节选段）为文章主题段，再结合后文内容可知，本文围绕“蝙蝠侠效应”来介绍 该如何面对困难，让自己做到最好，所以最符合本文的标题是“我能做到!我是蝙蝠侠!”应选C项。典例1 （2018安徽阅读D篇节选）Would you like to live in a city

23、 where buildings turn the lights off for you,and self-driving cars will find the nearest parking space themselves?Although it might sound a little far from you,living in a “smart“ city like this could happen sooner than you think.Making cities smarter is one way out,and I think this will in turn mak

24、e cities greener,5said Dan Hill,head of a research company.87.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?（ ）A.Future EducationB.Smart CitiesC.Government ServicesD.Famous Companies典例2 （2021安徽阅读E篇节选）Do you ever give up easily in difficult situations?If so,imagine yourself as someone w

25、ith great abilities,like Batman（蝙蝠侠）.It will help you feel strong.You will not give up easily and will probably do better.This is called the Batman Effect（效应）. 72.What is the best title（标题）for the text?（ ） A.Go and do research!B e and complete tasks!C.I can do itlFm Batman!D.You can help!You5re a he

26、lper!命题点6代词指代题.设题特点。此类题主要考查考生对上下文的理解。考生根据对文章的理解来明确代词所指代的内容。1 .设问方式。(1 )What does the underlined word.refer to?(2)The underlined word.in Paragraph 2 refers to.2 .解题策略。考生在解答此类题时，首先要找到代词所在的句子，然后根据上下文的结构和内容确定代词所指代的内典列分析:才艮据Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on.“可不口，写下

27、 不好的感受也可以帮助大脑克服它们，继续前进。由此可推断,them指的是“不好的感受应选B项。 典例（2020.安徽阅读C篇节选）Keeping a diary helps a lot.Studies have shown that people who keep a diary sleep and feel better.lt helps people remember what once happened such as dreams,friendships and happiness .Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get

28、 over them and move on. 64.What does the underlined word them refer to(指的是)?()A.Studies.B.Bad feelings.C.Friendships.D.Brains.命题点7数字计算题.设题特点。此类题主要考查考生对文章中的数字的理解、分析和处理。考生需理清文章脉络，得出答案。1 .解题策略。考生应先审清题目，然后在文中找到相关信息，最后通过分析和计算得出答案。典例分析:根据文章第二段（节选段）第二句“In 2019,Xiao Liuying formed the voluntary team with 12

29、 other fishermen.”可知，志愿队刚组建时有肖吕应和其他12名成员，共计13名成员。应选B项。典例（2020.安徽阅读D篇节选）To protect finless porpoises(江豚)and the Yangtze River,the government has stopped people from fishing on the river.In 2019,Xiao Liuying formed the voluntary team with 12 other fishermen.Today the team has more than 50 members.All

30、of them are over 60 years old. We want to protect the river while we can J saidXiao.66.How many members were there in the team when it was formed?（ ）A.12.B.13.C.50.D.62.任务型阅读理解命题点1细节性问题.设题特点。这种题型大多数是针对文章中的细节信息设置的，比拟简单，只要通读全文,了解文中所表达的重要事实 或细节，就可以解答出来，有些题目甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。1 .解题策略。考生可根据题干中的关键信息在文章中找出相

31、关信息，再通过分析，得出答案。典例分析:根据本段中的“He found everything nice!”可知,在回来的路上，儿子觉得一切都很美妙。故 此题答案为:He thought/found everything was nice.典例（2021 安徽阅读F篇节选） On his way back,he noticed dancing birds and beautiful flowers.He met happy farmers in the fields.He found everything nice! 74.What did the son think of everything

32、 on his way back?（不超过 5 个词）命题点2概括性问题.设题特点。这种题型主要考查考生对段落或文章的中心思想、标题、目的等的归纳总结能力,要求考生在阅读和理 解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。1 .解题策略。回答这类题目时,不能以偏概全，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、文化背景、生活常识等进 行判断、整理和归纳，从而获取文章中隐含的信息。有时甚至还要对作者的意图、倾向等因素加以推理, 才能得出正确答案。典例分析:根据“Fir Tree was happy that his green leaves provided a warm home for anima

33、ls in winter.He finally understood his purpose.“可知,杉树明白了它的用途:在冬天用绿叶给动物们提供一个温暖的家。故 此题答案为:His green leaves provided a warm home for animals in winter.典例（2020.安徽阅读F篇节选）Fir Tree was happy that his green leaves provided a warm home for animals in winter.He finally understood his purpose.75.What purpose d

34、id Fir Tree understand at last?（不超过 15 个词）题型训练During the Jin Dynasty（265-420）,there was a child named Che Yin.He was smart and he loved reading.He grew up in a poor family and couldnt afford lamp（灯）oil to study at night.One night,he saw fireflies（萤火虫）outside his house and came up with an idea.He cau

35、ght some fireflies in a cloth bag and hung the bag up as a lamp.lt was said that he spent all of his summer nights reading like that.Another child named Sun Kang who lived during the same time period also loved reading.One night during winter,Sun used up all of his lamp oil and couldnt study at nigh

36、t.When he suddenly woke up at midnight,he saw the thick snow reflecting（反射）the moonlight outside his house.His first thought was “Oh,I can use the reflected light to read!” He took out his books and read,even though he felt very cold.Both of the kids later became successful government officers.Peopl

37、e were touched by their hard-working spirit and their stories became the Chinese idiom（成语）Nangying Yingxue,which means “to read by the light of bagged fireflies or the reflected light of snow”.1 .How did Che Yin read on summer nights?（ B ）A.By using a lamp.B.By the light of fireflies.C.By the reflec

38、ted light of snow.D.By the light of stars in the sky.2 .Why did Sun Kang use the reflected light to read?（ A ） A.Because he used up his lamp oil.B.Because the reflected light was brighter than his lamp.C.Because he thought it was interesting.D.Because he wanted to save his lamp oil.3 .Whats the best

39、 title for the text?( A )A.The Idiom Nangying YingxueB.Study Hard until Late at Night C.The Ways to Study at Night D.Why Two Kids Studied at Night(-)Most of us are usually not satisfied with our memory,especially when we want to recall some details but we cant Some examples are an address or a telep

40、hone number,the time of a meeting,somebody ys name,etc.Even people who we think have an excellent memory complain(抱怨)that they forget things.In their case,perhaps their mind refuses to be linked(关联)with a detail which doesnt seem important to them at the time.Later,for some reason,they want to conta

41、ct that person,but they cant recall the name or other details of that person.Memory works like a bank.You can get to it,only if you put it there.If you dont save it,you cant collect it when you need it.A lot of people think,“My memory is terrible.or I cant remember anything. In most of the cases,the

42、ir memory is fine.They just need to take the time to learn ways to link things together,so they can “recall” them more successfully later.For example,suppose you are introduced to Mr.Hill who lives on a hill at the end of town.Mr.Hill is on a hill.Pretty easy,huh? Or what if youre trying to remember

43、 the classroom number for a chemistry class,and it just turns out that it is just the same as your dorm(宿舍)room number? What a natural association!Do you think youll have a problem remembering it? When pieces of information are not closely related in any way,however,we have to be a bit more creative

44、 in linking things together.But it isnt as hard as it seems.1 .What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?( A )A.Most people can not have perfect memory.B.Most people have bad memory for names. C.People are ready to remember all the things. D.Your memory will get worse as you get older.E说明文介绍小孩子是如

45、何学会走路的以及其中蕴含的哲理6题型特点阅读理解着重考查考生对各种题材和体裁的书面材料的理解能力以及从各种材料中获取信息并加 以判断、归纳和综合的能力。此题型要求考生能够读懂日常生活中常见的文字材料，如海报、广告等, 以及书刊中的短文材料。分析上表可知，安徽中考近三年的阅读理解体裁以记叙文和说明文为主，配以少量应用文。阅读材料 的话题比拟多样，涉及科普知识、哲理故事、文化风俗、人物故事等。就近两年来看，话题的多样性有加 强的趋势。从2020年开始，阅读理解增加了一篇语篇材料,表达了中考对考生阅读能力要求的加强。总的来说，阅读材料均贴近考生生活，有较强的时代性、文化性、思想性和教育性。题型设置以

46、细节 理解题为主,推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题等为辅。阅读理解最后一篇为任务型阅读题，设有3个小题，要求考生根据短文内容回答下列问题。此类阅读理解 除了考查考生准确获取语言信息的能力外，更多的是考查考生综合运用语言知识的能力。做任务型阅读 理解题时要注意以下几点:根据不同问题采用不同的回答方式;句子开头首字母应大写;句末使用正确的 标点符号;确定句子的主谓成分和时态;确保每题答案的词数与题目的要求相符等。解题技巧选择型阅读理解命题点1细节理解题.设题特点。这类题在阅读理解中所占比例较大。它常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问，即针对 what,when,where,why,ho

47、w,who,which等进行提问，目的在于考查考生对支撑文章中心思想的事实和细节 的理解能力。1 .解题策略。所谓“事实细节”,是指在阅读理解的短文中客观存在的事实C细节理解题的答案一般都可以在原文中找 到。一般来说，应在短文中找出相关信息的位置，确定试题考查的考点,需要特别注意日期、数字、时间、 人名、地名等关键信息。当然,有的试题还需对原文所提供的事实进行一定的分析比拟，才能做出正确的 选择。2 .How do we recall things more successfully?（D ）A.We have to work like a banker.B.We have to learn to take our time.C.We had better often have some memory tests.D.We have to learn how to link things together.3 .What does the underlined word it refer to?（C ）A.The hill.B.The town.C.The classroom number.D.The chemistry class.4 .What does the underlined word “a