句子成分的讲解讲稿.ppt

《句子成分的讲解讲稿.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《句子成分的讲解讲稿.ppt（90页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、关于句子成分的讲解2022-9-51第一页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-52什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须必须大写大写，结尾要有，结尾要有？！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is!第二页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-53句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？主语：主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定

2、式，动名词或从部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首句充当它的位置一般在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.（习惯性的动作）（习惯性的动作）To see is to believe.（一次性动作）（一次性动作）They are good friends.第三页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-54用用v-ing作主语翻译下列句子作主语翻译下列句子1.吸烟会导致多种健康问题。吸烟会导致多种健康问题。Smoking causes a lot of health problems.2.学好英语是很重要的学好英语是很重要的learning

3、 English well is very important.3.保护环境是重要的。Protecting the enviroment is important.4.玩电脑游戏是不好的Playing computer game is not good.第四页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-55用用to do 作主语翻译下列句子作主语翻译下列句子控制水污染是一个大问题。控制水污染是一个大问题。To control the water pollution is a big problem.2.完成家庭作业对于我们来说是容易的。完成家庭作业对于我们来说是容易的。To finish the homew

4、ork is easy for us.3.克服这个困难不容易。克服这个困难不容易。Overcoming this difficulty is not easy for us.4.为人民服务是我们的荣幸。为人民服务是我们的荣幸。To serve the people is our honor.第五页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-56用从句用从句 作主语翻译下列句子作主语翻译下列句子我们需要的是时间。我们需要的是时间。What we need is time.2.选择哪一个对于我来说是很难的。选择哪一个对于我来说是很难的。Which one to choose is difficult for m

5、e.3.你没有来是一个遗憾。你没有来是一个遗憾。That you didnt come is a pity.4.我们是否应该控制污染是一个大问题。我们是否应该控制污染是一个大问题。Whether we should control the pollution is abig problem.第六页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-57用用it 作主语翻译下列句子作主语翻译下列句子对于我们来说保护环境是重要的。对于我们来说保护环境是重要的。It is important for us to protect environment.2.戒烟对他来说是困难的。戒烟对他来说是困难的。It is hard

6、for him to quit smoking.3.保持身体健康是至关重要的。保持身体健康是至关重要的。It is important for us to keep healthy.4.和你谈话是我的荣幸。和你谈话是我的荣幸。It is my honor to talk with you.第七页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-58翻译下列句子翻译下列句子完成哪项工作之花了我五分钟。完成哪项工作之花了我五分钟。To finish the work took me only 5 minutes.It took me only five minutes to finish the job2.在美国的所

7、有公共场所抽烟禁止抽烟。在美国的所有公共场所抽烟禁止抽烟。Smoking in the public places in the UnitedStates is prohibited(禁止禁止)3.到年底完成这项工作是不可能的。到年底完成这项工作是不可能的。To finish the work by the end of this year isimpossibleIt is impossible to finish the work by the end of this year.第八页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-59翻译下列句子翻译下列句子他花了如此少的时间久完成了作文让我很惊讶他花了如

8、此少的时间久完成了作文让我很惊讶That he finished writing the composition insuch a short time surprised me.2.谁将成为我们班班长还没有决定。谁将成为我们班班长还没有决定。Who will be our monitor hasnt been decidedyet.3.到底是什么导致了那场事故还不得而知。到底是什么导致了那场事故还不得而知。What caused the accident remains unknown 4.你做的任何事情都是正确的。你做的任何事情都是正确的。Whatever you did is right

9、.第九页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-510谓语：谓语：谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由，由简单动词或者动词短语构成简单动词或者动词短语构成1.They are teachers.2.She looks well.3.He studies hard.4.He laughed at his classmates.5.He can speak English.6.Fog gathers at the sea.第十页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-511谓语：谓语：简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成1.He practices

10、running every morning.2.We plant trees in spring every year.3.The plane took off at seven oclock.4.He likes watching TV5.She worked out this problem 第十一页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-512谓语：谓语：复合谓语复合谓语（1）系动词）系动词+标语标语（2）情态动词）情态动词/助动词助动词+动词原形动词原形1.They are accountants.2.The food tastes good3.The truth is that we have

11、 lost.4.She remained there.5.He is a courageous man6.Her goal is to catch up with Mary.第十二页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-513谓语：谓语：系动词，包括系动词，包括 1)Be 动词：动词：am,is,are,was,were 2)感观动词：感观动词：sound,look,taste,feel,smell 3)趋势动词：趋势动词：appear,become,grow,get,turn,seem,remain（剩下剩下,余留余留）,go 第十三页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-514谓语：谓语：1.We cou

12、ld use this reference book to work out the problem precisely.2.They could accelerate the speed.3.They could tell if he was sailing on his correct rather a random caurse.4.We have identified the robber.5.Using navigational instruments have reduced the tendency to make mistake.第十四页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-515划分

13、出下列句子的谓语：划分出下列句子的谓语：1.I wont do it again.2.The weather gets wamer,and the days get longer.3.He seemed rather tired last night.4.Keep quite and listen to me.5.He looked worried.6.I am answering your question.第十五页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-516划分出下列句子的谓语划分出下列句子的谓语1.Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.2.Ill

14、 go when I have had my dinner.3.I want to help him.4.I dont know what to do.5.I dont think(that)he is right.6.I enjoy living here.第十六页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-517宾语宾语 宾语是宾语是谓语动作的承受者谓语动作的承受者，由名词，代词，短，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起词一起说明主语做了什么说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后，在谓语之后She plays the piano.He often he

15、lps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.第十七页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-518划分出下列句子中的宾语划分出下列句子中的宾语1.My parents bought me a computer 2.We all like to go to school.3.I think he is right.4.She is playing the piano now.5.He told me that he would go to the college t

16、he next year 6.I dont know if there will be a bus any more.第十八页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-519划分出下列句子中的宾语划分出下列句子中的宾语7.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.8.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?9.I dont know whom you should depend on.第十九页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-520定语定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介

17、词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语从句都可以充当定语 The black bike is mine.Whats your name?A broken vase.I have 5 books.A sleeping boy.They made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.I have something to do.It is a swimming pool.第二十页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-521状语状语 状语用来状语用来修饰动词修饰动词，形容词或副词形容词或副词它它表示行为发生表

18、示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当充当He did it carefully.Without his help,we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.第二十一页，讲稿共九十

19、页哦2022-9-522宾语补足语宾语补足语 在英语中，有些句子在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它起它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当分词和过去分词充当 If you let me go,Ill make you king.Leave the door open.We found John out wh

20、en we arrived.Make yourself at home.I saw him enter the hall.The boss keeps them working all day.I heard my name called.第二十二页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-523表语：表语：表语表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybod

21、y is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.第二十三页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-524种类种类类型类型主语主语S谓语谓语动词动词v表语表语/宾宾语语p宾语宾语0宾补宾补oc第第1种种S+VWework第第种种He playsviolin.第第种种We arestudents第第种种S+v+IO+DO shegaveme a pen第第种种S+V+O+OC He mademelaugh第二十四页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-525指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分指出下列句子划线部分是

22、什么成分第二十五页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-526指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分第二十六页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-527指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分第二十七页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-528判断句型并分析句子成分 He will be eighteen next year.The teacher told us to do Exercise1.We had got to the station before seven oclock.My class is big.Stop talking.I got to see m

23、y uncle once a week.It rained heavily yesterday.We made him our team leader.第二十八页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-5291.You are right.(99)2.The playground is now in front of the school.(99)5.60%of the students are against the idea of entrance fees.(02)4.Opinions are divided on the question.(02)3.It was 7:15 on the mor

24、ning of February 8,2000.(00)英语基本句型英语基本句型-1-1 主系表句型主系表句型与高考书面与高考书面表达表达第二十九页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-5306.,but the most common way is to hold a birthday party,(05)7.The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story.(06)9.As we all know,a good learning environment is vital if we want to study E

25、nglish well.(07)8.In a word,to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.(06)主系表句型主系表句型第三十页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-531 A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.The plan sounds perfect.This material feels soft.第三十一页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-532第三十二页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-533第三十三页，讲稿共九十页哦202

26、2-9-534第三十四页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-535第三十五页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-536第三十六页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-537 第三十七页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-538 第三十八页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-539第三十九页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-540第四十页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-541第四十一页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-542第四十二页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-543page43第四十三页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-544 二二.对表示状态变化的系动词的考查对表示状态变化的系动词的考查 英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有英语中常见的

27、表示状态变化的系动词有 get，turn，turn out（结果是（结果是），），go，come（成为），（成为），fall，become 等。等。第四十四页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-545第四十五页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-546 第四十六页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-547 第四十七页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-548第四十八页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-549第四十九页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-550 第五十页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-551 第五十一页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-552 3.3.对对 appear appear 的考查的考查 appear app

28、ear 的含义是的含义是“似乎，好像，看来（如关于某似乎，好像，看来（如关于某人的性格、感情或意图）人的性格、感情或意图）”，此时不用进行式，后，此时不用进行式，后接形容词、名词、动词不定式等。接形容词、名词、动词不定式等。She She appeared appeared rather upset about something.rather upset about something.看来有些什么事使她心烦。看来有些什么事使她心烦。Do let your mother know all the truth.She Do let your mother know all the truth.

29、She appears _ everything.appears _ everything.（上海（上海 2001 2001）A.to tell B.to be told A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told C.to be telling D.to have been told 第五十二页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-553分析：句意是分析：句意是“一定要把一切真相告诉你妈妈。她看上去一定要把一切真相告诉你妈妈。她看上去已经知道一切事情。已经知道一切事情。”句中句中 tell tell 后面没有宾语，故用后面没有

30、宾语，故用不定式的被动式，又因为不定式的被动式，又因为“知道一切知道一切”发生在发生在“告诉真告诉真相相”之前，要用完成式。所以正确答案是之前，要用完成式。所以正确答案是 D D。4.对对 feel 的考查的考查 feel 的意思是的意思是“感觉是，似乎感觉是，似乎”，后常接形容词、，后常接形容词、副词、介词短语等。副词、介词短语等。I love to go to the seaside in summer.It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.（NMET 1996）A.does B.feels C.gets D.makes 第

31、五十三页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-554 第五十四页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-555第五十五页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-556 第五十六页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-557 第五十七页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-558 答案为答案为D第五十八页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-559英语基本句型-2 主谓结构主谓结构与高考书面表达与高考书面表达 2.Quite a few changes have taken place.(99)4.Whats more,I can go to bed earlier.3.The car didnt stop but drove off at gr

32、eat speed heading west.(00)1.He fell with a cry.(00)第五十九页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-560英语基本句型-2 主谓结构主谓结构与高与高考书面表达考书面表达 6.I think I can stay at home,reading quietly in a situation of my own.(06)5.,at which friends get together to have fun drinking,singing and dancing.(05)第六十页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-561主谓结构主谓结构 本结构是由本结构是由

33、主语加主语加不及物的谓语动词不及物的谓语动词构成构成,常用常用来表示主语的动作。来表示主语的动作。如：如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语定语，谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语。如如:1.The red sun rises in the east.2.So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4.She sat there alone,reading a novel.5.He came bac

34、k when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake,but strong ones may stay up.第六十一页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-5621 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2 2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。3 3在过去的十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化在过去的十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化.4 419191919年，在北京爆发了年，在北京爆发了“五五.四四”运动。运动。5 5每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。2.The meeting will last two hou

35、rs.3.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.4.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.5.Classes begin at eight every day.1.She went home very late yesterday evening.第六十二页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-5636 6这个重五公斤。这个重五公斤。7 7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。8 8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9 9我的爷

36、爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。6.This box weighs five kilos.7.I lived in Beijing five years ago.8.In autumn,some birds fly to the south.9.My grandfather gets up early in the morning.10.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.第六十三页，讲稿共九十页哦2022

37、-9-564英语基本句型-3 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构与高与高考书面表达考书面表达 1.Now I have more free time.(01)2.In the evenings I can watch news on TV or reading newspapers.(01)3.About two minutes later I stopped a passing car(00)4.We have also planted a lot of trees in and around the school.(99)第六十四页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-565英语基本句型英语基本句型-3 主谓宾

38、结构主谓宾结构与高考与高考书面表达书面表达 5.Chinese students celebrate their birthdays in different ways.(05)6.Sometimes parents will prepare a special dinner or a cake to show their love for their children.(05)7.Some others have just the opposite opinion.(06)8.When English is the only language used in the classroom,st

39、udents will have more opportunities to practise listening and speaking.(07)第六十五页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-566主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语构成宾语构成。宾。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如如：1.Tom made a hole in the wall.2.I dont know if he can come tomorrow.3.They havent decided where to go next.4.S

40、he stopped teaching English two years ago.5.It took them ten years to build the dam.7.Mother promises to give me a present.第六十六页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-567巩固练习：巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。I wrote a letter last night.I

41、 want to talk with you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the plan successfully.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.第六十七页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-568巩固练习：巩固练习：6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。8我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。9.他不知道说什麽好

42、。他不知道说什麽好。10.我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.Jim cannot dress himself.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.He did not know what to say.Do you mind my opening the window?第六十八页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-569英语基本句型英语基本句型4 双宾语结构双宾语结构 说明：此结构由说明：此结构由“主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语间

43、接宾语（人）（人）+直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词人），则要借助于介词to或或for。如：。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.第六十九页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-570用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着朝着，向着，对着某人某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，侧重

44、指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。等。第七十页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-571巩固练习：巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了

45、一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。Mr Johnson taught us German last year.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.第七十一页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-572巩固练习：巩固练习：5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会

46、为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。Shall I call you a taxi?The new machine will save you a lot of labour.7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.第七十二页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-573英语基本句型英语基本句型5 5 复合宾语结构复合宾语结构 说明说明:此结构由此结构由“主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语

47、宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.第七十三页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-574 They made Tom monitor.He used to do his h

48、omework with his radio on.用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：。即：主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。如：。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.第七十四页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-575巩固练习：巩固练习：1我们叫她我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放

49、了。4我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。我们不会让她在晚上外出的。We call her Alice.All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free.I want you to tell me the truth.The guards ordered us to leave at once.Every morning we hear h

50、im read English aloud.He has his hair cut every month.We wont let her go out at night.第七十五页，讲稿共九十页哦2022-9-5769那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10她正在听人家讲故事。她正在听人家讲故事。11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。我从来没看见这个字这样用过。12他感到很难跟你交谈。他感到很难跟你交谈。13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。The terrible so