钱钟书翻译经典翻译(13页).doc

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1、-钱钟书翻译经典翻译-第 13 页1If all the sky were parchment and all the sea were ink 按“青天做纸张”之语，西方各国诗人皆有之，常以“碧海化墨水”为对。P.19 2New forms are simply canonization of inferior genres. 百凡新体，只是向来卑不足道之体忽然列品入流。P.35 3behind its attributes 须在未具性德以前，推其本质。P.37 4“Not of the letter, but of the spirit; for the letter killeth, b

2、ut the spirit giveth life.” 意在言外，得意忘言，不以词害意。P.43 5To hold, ast were, the mirror up to nature. 持镜照自然。P.60 6selective imitation 取舍之工。P.60 7This is an art / Which does mend nature, change it rather, but/ That art itself is Nature (The Winters Tale, IV, iv. Polixenes) 莎士比亚尝曰：“人艺足补天工，然而人艺即天工也。”p.61 8In s

3、hape the perfection of the berry, in light the radiance of the dewdrop. (Lord Tennyson; A Memoir, by his son, Vol. I, P.211) 体完如樱桃，光灿若露珠。P.114 9“A poem round and perfect as a star. ”（Alexander Smith: A Life Drama） “诗好比星圆。”P.114 10“It used to be said of a famous cricketeer that he bowled or batted wi

4、th his head. ”（S. Alexander: Beauty and Other Forms of Value, p.25） 画以心而不以手。P.211 11A direct sensuous apprehension of thought. 能以官感领会义理。P.232 12Be thou thine own home, and in thy selfe dwell;/Inn any where, continuance maketh hell./ And seeing the snaile, which every where doth rome, /Carrying his o

5、wne house still, still is at home.(Complete Poetry and Selected Prose, ed. J. Hayward, pp.153-4) 万物皆备于身，方之蜗牛戴壳，随遇自足，著处为家。 约翰唐（John Donne）名篇: （To Sir Henry Wotton）P.232 13“Poetry should strike the Reader as a working of his own highest thoughts and appear almost a Remembrance. ”（Letter to Taytor, 27

6、Feb. 1818, H. E. Rollins, ed., Letters I, 238） “好诗当道人心中事，一若忆旧而得者。” 济慈 (Keats) 论诗第一要义（axiom）P.255 14ear pleasure 悦耳 P.269 15mind pleasure 餍心 P.269 16unreasonable or magical element 不落理路、神幻无方。P.269 17natural magic 魔力 P.269 18inspiration 落笔神来之际 P.269 19catharsis 情欲宣泄 P.270 20purification 斋心洁己 P.270 21A

7、ll Arts aspire to the condition of music. 佩特谓诸艺造妙皆向往于音乐之空灵澹荡。 P.271 22 Most imitative of arts（S. H. Butcher: Aristotles Theory of Poetry and Fine Art, P.122） “乐在诸艺中最近自然。”P.271 23committed fornication 意淫 P.273 24mental fictions 乱真 P.273 25“All emotion, Of thorough enough, would take one to heaven.” “

8、一切情感，充极至尽，皆可引人入天。” P.288 26“This creative reason thinks eternally. Of this unceasing work of thought, however, we retain no memory, because this reason is unaffected by its objects. ”（Aristotles Psychology, with Introduction and Notes, by E. Wallace, ” P.161, P.272） “无时间性，变易不居，勿滞于物，不可记忆。” P.289 27“N

9、one can care for literature in itself who do not take a special pleasure in the sound of names. ” “凡不知人名地名声音之谐美者，不足以言文。”史梯芬生游美杂记（Stevenson: Across the Plains Tuesday） P.295 28“Silence and speech acting together” “语言与静默协力”卡莱尔论象征 P.309 29“Leave something to the willing intelligence of the reader. ” 须留

10、与读者思量。佩特论文 P.309 30thinking intently of his own name 英诗人丁尼生常言自思其名字，系念不散。P.312 31“and the earth looked black behind them, /as though turned up by plows. But it was gold,/All golda wonder of the artists craft. ”Iliad, XVIII 630-32 “犁田发土，泥色俨如黑。然此盾固纯金铸也，盖艺妙入神矣。”P.318 32“O! One glimpse of the human face,

11、 and shake of the human hand, is better than whole reams of this cold, thin correspondence, etc. ”Works, ed. E. V. Lucas, VI, 175 “得与其人一瞥面、一握手，胜于此等枯寒笔墨百函千牍也。噫！” P.320 33habitualization, automatization 落套刻板 P.320 34defamiliarization 使熟者生 P.320 35rebarbarization 使文者野 P.320 36“Grace of style comes from

12、 arrangement. ” “词意位置得当，文章遂饶姿致。”P.325 37repose, perfect fitness 一字之稳当 P.328 38“I have such a sensitive ear that the repetition of a word irritates me three pages away. ”A. Rhodes, The Poet as Superman, 46 “至谓一字在三页后重出，便刺渠耳。” 邓南遮P.329 39“We have had the brow and the eye of the moon before; but what ha

13、ve we reserved for human beings, if their features and organs are to be lavished on objects without feeling and intelligence? ”Letters: Later Years, ed. E. de Selincourt, I, 436 “语已有月眉、月眼矣。复欲以五官百体尽予此等无知无情之物，吾人独不为己身地耶。” 华兹华斯 P.344 40“The first is physical. The second is intellectual and is much highe

14、r. The third signifies a nobler power of the soul which is so high and so noble that it apprehends God in His own naked being. ”Sermon XIX, in James M. Clark, Meister Eckhart, 220, cf. 62 “学为有上中下三等：下学以身；中学以心知；上学以神，绝伦造极，对越上帝。” 十四世纪德国神秘宗师爱克哈特（Meister Eckhart）P.366 41Meister Eckhart, Sermon, XII:“I tak

15、e a basin full of water, place in it a mirror and put it below the suns disc. The reflection of the sun is the sun within the sun, and yet the mirror remains what it is.” “以一镜照形，以余镜照影，镜镜相照，影影相传；是形也、与影无殊，是影也、与形无异。”P.371 42“If Galileo had said in verse that the world moved, the Inquisition might have

16、left him alone. quoted in R. Gittings, The Older Hardy, Penguin, 1980, 120 “苟伽俐略只作诗述其地球转动说，则宗教法庭或且任纵之而不问。”哈代 P.388 43To count chicken before they are hatched. “卵未抱而早计雏数。”P.392 44 Edward Young, Conjectures on Original Composition: “A genius differs from a good understanding, as a magician from an arc

17、hitect; that raises his structure by means invisible, this by the skilful use of common tools.”E. D. Jones, ed., English Critical Essays;16th, 17th and 18th Centuries, “The Worlds Classics”, 279 “天才与聪慧之别，犹神通之幻师迥异乎构建之巧匠；一则不见施为，而楼台忽现，一则善用板筑常器，经之营之。”爱德华杨 P.411 45E. H. Gombrich, Art and Illusion, 5th ed

18、., 1977, 174-5,“screen”, “the power of expressing through absence of brush and ink.” 无笔墨处与点染处互相发挥烘托。P.415 46 “The most beautiful figure is the sphere among solids and the circle among plane figures.”Diogenes Laertes, VIII. 35, “Loeb”, II, 351 立体中最美者为球，平面中最美者为圈。毕达哥拉斯 P.430 47 “Let it (the mind) once

19、become a sphere, and spherical it abides.”Marcus Aurelius, Meditations VIII41, tr. J. Jackson, 152 心不为外物所著，当如圆球。古罗马哲人马可奥勒留 P.430 48“On a Drop of Dew” So the Soul, that Drop, that Ray, Of the clear Fountain of Eternal Day, Does, in its pure and circling thoughts express The greater Heaven in an Heave

20、n less Helen Gardner, ed., The Metaphysical Poets, Penguin, 1972, 241 露珠圆澄，能映白日，正如灵魂之圆转环行，显示天运也。英国诗人马委尔（Andrew Marvell）露珠诗 P.431 49“Till rolling time is lost in round eternity.”Dryden, The Hind and Panther, Pt III, 1.19 圆永恒 P.431 50Why, at the height of desire and human pleasureworldly, social, amor

21、ous, ambitious, or even avariciousdoes there mingle a certain sense of doubt and sorrow?L. A. Marchand, Byron, 1957, II, 900 入世务俗，交游酬应，男女爱悦，图营势位，乃至贪婪财货，人生百为，于兴最高、人最欢时，辄微觉乐趣中杂以疑虑与忧伤，其故何耶。P.438 51 I have thought some of natures journeymen had made men, and not made them well, they imitated humanity so

22、 abominably. Hamlet, III. Ii “其人似为大自然之学徒所造，手艺甚拙，像人之形而狞恶可憎。”哈姆雷特 P.464 52One may remember the lion of medieval bestiaries who, at every step forward, wiped out his footprints with his tail, in order to elude his pursuers.L. Spitzer:“Linguistics and Literary History”, in D. C. Freeman, ed., Linguistic

23、s and Literary Style, 1970, 31 有如中世纪相传，狮子每行一步，辄掉尾扫去沙土中足印，俾追者无可踪迹。P.466 53 Why does a painting seem better in a mirror than outside it? Leonardo da Vinci, Notebooks, tr. E. Maecurdy, II, 272 “镜中所映画图，似较镜外所见为佳，何以故？”P.483 54Of making many books there is no end; and much study is a weariness of flesh. Ec

24、clesiastes, xii. 12 “书籍无穷，多读徒疲精弊体。”旧约全书P. 502 55 Wit, you know is the unexpected copulation of ideas, the discovery of some occult relation between images in appearance remote from each other.Rambler, No. 194, Everymans Lib., 284;cf. R. Wellek, A History of Modern Criticism, I, 3 “使观念之配偶出人意表，于貌若漠不相关

25、之物象察见其灵犀暗通。”约翰生 P.522 56 Foregrounding, the intentional violation of the norm of the standard, distortion 刻意破常示异。 P.532 57 Normally every datum of sense is at once devoured by a hungry intellect and digested for the sake of its vital juices. Knowledge is not eating. G. Santayana, The Life of Reason,

26、 I, 75, 77 当世论师以唯心论与为实论均常拟致知于饮食，遂嘲为“口腹哲学。” P.535 58Everything is the same, but you are not here, and I still am. In separation the one who goes away suffers less than the one who stays behind. Leslie A. Marchand, Byron, II 783 “此间百凡如故，我仍留而君已去耳。行行生别离，去者不如留者神伤之甚也。”P.541 59Poetry, like schoolboys, by t

27、oo frequent and severe corrections, may be cowed into Dullness.The Notebooks of S. T. Coleridge, ed. K. Coburn, I 35 诗苟多改痛改，犹学童常遭塾师扑责，积威之下，易成钝儿。柯尔律治 P.557 60that particular kind of borrowing which thinks to disguise itself by inserting or extracting “notes”G. Saintsbury, History of Criticism, III, 5

28、91 “取古人成说，是其所非，非其所是，颠倒衣裳，改换头面，乃假借之一法耳。”P.562 61They are to me original: I have never seen the notions in any other place; yet be that reads them here persuades himself that he has always felt them. Lives of the Poets, ed., B. Hill, III, 442 “创辟崭新，未见有人道过，然读之只觉心中向来宿有此意。”葛雷（Thomas Gray）凭吊墟墓诗 P.573 62No

29、w I never wrote a “good” line, in my life, but the moment after it was written it seemed a hundred years old. Very commonly I had a sudden conviction that I had seen it somewhere.O. W. Holmes, The Autocrat of the Breakfast, Table, ii “吾生平每得一佳句，乍书于纸，忽觉其为百年陈语，确信曾在不忆何处见过。”霍姆士 P.574 63History is philoso

30、phy teaching by or learned from examples. “历史乃哲学用以教人之实例。”P.586 64Use of the description instead of the name of a thingRhetoric, VI. i, Loeb, 375 不道事物之名而写事物之状 P.567 65in peacewhich is as much above joy as joy is above pleasure, and which can scarcely be called emotion, since it rests, as it were, in

31、final good, the premium mobile, which is without motionwe find ourselves in the region of “great art”C. Patmore,Principle in Art 1889, 29 艺之至者，终和且平，使人情欲止息，造宁静之境；此境高于悦愉，犹悦愉高于痛快也。P.589 66I never can catch myself. 自我不可把捉。休谟 P.597 67The passage is remarkably like a central tenet of Buddhism, a cult of w

32、hich Hume could hardly have heard.O. Elton, A Survey of English Literature: 17301780, 1928, II, 163 酷似佛教主旨，然休谟未必闻有释氏也。P.597 68 Shakespeare in composing had no I, but the I representative. Biographia Literaria, ed. J. Shawcross, I, 213 note 无我而有综盖之我。柯尔律治 P.597 69When I am assailed with heavy tribulat

33、ions, I rush out among my pigs, rather than remain alone by myself. The human heart is like a millstone in a mill: when you put wheat under it, it turns and grinds and bruises the wheat to flour; if you put no wheat, it still grinds on, but then tis itself it grinds and wears away. So the human hear

34、t, unless it be occupied with some employment, leaves space for the devil, who wriggles himself in, and brings with him a whole host of evil thoughts, temptations and tribulations, which grind our the heart. Martin Luther, Table Talk, tr. W. Hazlitt, “Bohns Library”, 275 “吾遭逢大不如意事，急往饲牧吾猪，不欲闲居独处。人心犹磨

35、坊石硙，苟中实以麦，则碾而成面；中虚无物，石仍辘转无已，徒自研损耳。人心倘无专务，魔鬼乘虚潜入，挟恶念邪思及诸烦恼以俱来，此心遂为所耗蚀矣。”马丁路德 P.599 70 Peer Gynt, IV. Xiii, Begriffenfeldt:“Long live the Emperor of self; V. v, Peer:“Theres a surprising lot of layers (in the wild onion). Are we never coming to the kernel? There isnt one! To the innermost bit Its noth

36、ing but layers, smaller and smaller” Everymans Library 171, 201-2 易卜生一名剧中主角号：“自我之皇帝”而欲觅处世应物之“自我”，则犹剥玉葱求其核心然，层层揭净，至境无可得。P.600 71For one can only“interpret”a poem by reducing it to an allegoryWhich is like eating an apple for its pips.G. Orwell, Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters, 1968, I, 72 “此

37、举何异食苹婆者，不嗜其果脯而咀嚼其果中核乎。”P.610 72The movement of love is circular, at one and the same impulse projecting creatures into independency and drawing them into harmony.Collected Papers, ed. C. Hartshorne and P. Weiss, VI, 191 情爱运行，做团圆相，此机一动，独立与偶合遂同时并作，相反相成。美国哲学家皮尔斯 P.615 钱钟书先生的这篇散文说的是窗子，但是其用意绝不仅仅是说说窗子而已，而

38、是要以窗子来比喻生活、比喻人生。从语言上看，窗延续了一贯的钱派手法，用词平实、普通，没有长句，没有什么复杂结构，非常从容地叙述、说理，却又紧紧地扣住了主题。这样的特点对翻译构成的难度不言而喻，翻译中应当时时充分考虑上述特点，尽量在译文中体现出来。一逐句分析：窗Random Thoughts on the Window（题目中的这个窗字，包含的意思较为丰富，使人有多种联想，因此译成Random Thoughts on the Window.）又是春天It is spring again中文是无主句，英文没有这样的句子结构，因此用It is句型。原文里“又”用在句首，但是英文如果也把again放在

39、句首，这个词就太突出，分量太重了。所以again一词在译文中放在句末和原文“又”放在句首分量相当。窗子可以常开了and the window can be left open as often as one would like用定冠词the 加单数名词window来代表所有的窗子。英语里表示“全部”可以有几种方法：1）复数名词，2）不定冠词a/an+名词，3）定冠词+名词。这里就是用的第三种，更侧重其一致性。“常开”不能译成can open often或can be opened often.因为原文是从人的角度说的，人们什么时候想开窗都行，所以用了one would like这样的说法。春

40、天从窗外进来As spring comes in through the windows这句把春天拟人化了，英文也用同样的结构就行。窗外：out of the window.但是，如果把“从窗外进来”理解成一个过程，用through表示就比较好。人在屋子里坐不住，就从门里出去so peopleunable to bear staying inside any longergo outdoors破折号之间的形容词短语说明人们在屋里坐不住的原因。bear：忍受，后面既可跟-ing动词，也可跟不定式动词。不过屋子外的春天太贱了The spring outside, however, is much

41、too cheap这里的“贱”，是说春天多阳光，以多为贱，中外同理，用cheap也就顺理成章了。到处是阳光for the sun shines on everything这里和上一句是连接在一起的，所以用了连接词for来说明原因。最好不要译成the sunshine is everywhere.因为阳光并不是一种存在，而是说照耀在所有的一切上面，因此说shines.不像射破屋里阴深的那样明亮and so does not seem as bright as that which shoots into the darkness of the house用seem是指屋里屋外阳光是一样的，只是环

42、境的反差使阳光显得不同罢了。asas是表示屋里屋外阳光的比较。that指the sun.到处是给太阳晒得懒洋洋的风Outside the sun-slothed breeze blows everywhere这里加了一个词outside，因为后面马上要说到的“屋里”并不包括在“到处”一词里：“晒”字英文里与之相当的词就是shine，但是shine并没有带复合宾语的用法，所以换了一个角度来说这句话。sun-slothed是一个复合词。不像搅动屋里沉闷的那样有生气but it is not so lively as that which stirs the gloominess inside th

43、e house沉闷这个词在这里不是形容词，而是名词，所以用gloomy加上词尾-ness构成了表示状态的名词。就是鸟语，也似乎琐碎而单薄，需要屋里的寂静来做衬托Even the chirping of the birds sounds so thin and broken that the quietness of the house is needed to set it off说thin and broken而不说broken and thin只是因为语音的关系，音节少的词放在前面，多的放在后面，结构上显得平稳，不至于头重脚轻。只要把这几个词连在一起朗读一下就可体会出来。我们因此明白，春天

44、是该镶嵌在窗子里看的，好比画配了框子It seems that spring was always meant to be put behind a windowpane for show, just like a picture in a frame“我们因此明白”译成It seems，因为这是一种比喻的说法，直译成英文会给人以突兀的感觉，所以用“似乎如此”的说法。be meant to be的意思是“原本为”，加了always等于从语气上与原文更相符合，并没有特别具体的含义。中文说“窗子里”，而英文却不能说in a windowpane，windowpane指的是窗子上的玻璃，这就是用be

45、hind的原因。同时，我们悟到，门和窗有不同的意义At the same time it also becomes clear that the door has a different significance from the window悟到和上一句中的“明白”是相同的意思，it become clear that 这一说法比it seems that 要肯定一些。当然，门是造了让人出进的Of course, doors were made for people to pass through出进可以译成to come out and go in，但译成to pass through就显

46、得句子紧凑、精炼一些。但是，窗子有时也可作为进出口用but a window can also sometimes serve as an entrance or as an exitentrance和exit这两个词比door和window抽象化了，充分表明了“进出口”的字面意思和含义。譬如小偷或小说里私约的情人就喜欢爬窗子and is used as such by thieves and by lovers in novels译文用了by thieves and by lovers，而不说by thieves and lovers，因为这本来就是两类人，不能放在一起混为一谈。所以窗子和门的根本分别，决不仅是有没有人进来出去In fact the fundamental difference between a door and a window has nothing to do with them being either entrances or exits比较一下different between和前文的different （from）：说两者之间的区别，用different between A and B；而说A怎样不同于B则说A is different from B