高中英语选修七第一单元词汇详解(13页).doc

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1、-高中英语选修七第一单元词汇详解-第 13 页选修7 第一单元考点预览： 1词汇：ambition, adapt , beneficial , similar, absence , including , ignore, encouragement 2 短语： make fun of, set up, even though , dream about , at least , as well as , as well , deal with, in other words, out of breath, all in all live a life, get annoyed , be dif

2、ferent from语言点：1.try (v, n) (1) 试图，设法，努力 I dont know if I can come , but Ill try.(2) 试，试用， 试验 Have you tried this new coffee? Its very good . 尝过(3) try 后可接名词，动名词，不定式，what 从句等 a John isnt here. Try phoning his home number. b What are you trying to do ? c Try the suit on to see whether it fits you .(4

3、) try to do sth 努力做某事； try doing sth 尝试做某事 为什么不尝试乘火车去那里呢？_? 他努力地要把箱子搬到楼上，但失败了。_ 如果前门没有人开，你可以敲后门试试。_(5) 词组： try sth on 试穿 try out 试验，尝试 try ones best （to do sth） 尽某人最大的努力类似用法： stop to do sth , mean to do sth forget to do sth remember to do sth 来源:学科网ZXXK stop doing sth mean doing sth forget doing sth

4、 remember doing sth2. achieve (1) (凭努力) 达到（目标等） He had finally achieved success. (2) 成功 Their background gives them little chance of achieving at school.词组：achieve success/victory/purpose 获得成功/取得胜利/达到目的 achievement (n) 成就，伟绩 achievable (adj)能完成的， 能达到的3 proud 骄傲的，自豪的。 常用于以下结构：be proud of be proud to

5、do sth be proud that Your achievements are something to be proud of. I feel proud to be a part of the team. He is very proud that he is a scientist. I do admit Im rather proud of my progress. pride (n) take pride in = be proud of proudly (adv) 4 represent （1） 代表，象征，标志 The rose represents England. Ou

6、r firm is represented in India by Mr Hall.我公司驻印度 He represented China in the conference .他代表中国参加了这个会议。The trade union represents over 200000 workers. (2) 描绘，描述,塑造 The picture represents the battle of Waterloo. The picture represents a hunting scene. representative (n, adj) 代表（人）， 有代表性的， 典型的； represe

7、ntation (n)代表， 表现，描绘(指事物)；近义词辨析： represent 强调代表（官方，政府），代言人，stand for 代表（含义，符号） UN _the United States . Wen Jiabao _our government to give a talk at the congress.5 set up (1) 摆放，竖起（某物） Police set up roadblocks on routes leading out of the city. (2) 建立 They want to set up a state of their own. 近义词辨析：

8、set up 指建立组织机构等抽象事物， 也可指竖起，搭起，此时等于put up A new school has been set up in my hometown. build 多指建立房屋，桥梁，道路等 The house was built in 1960s. put up 多指建立临时性的房屋，帐篷等They put up a tent by the riverside for the night.(过夜) found 指创建（组织，国家）； 把基于之上 The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.For all these

9、years , I have been working for others . Im hoping Ill _my own business someday. A turn up B fix up C set up D make up 相关短语： (1)set about (doing sth)/ set out to do sth 着手做（2）set off 出发，动身（3）set fire to 点燃，生火 （4） set down 记下，写下，放下 （5）set on 攻击（6）set an example 树立榜样 （7）set aside 把放在一边，省出，留出 She tries

10、 to set aside some money every month. (8) set back 使推迟，耽误，使延误 The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks. (9) set apart 留出，拨出（专用） Two rooms were set apart for use as libraries . （10） set forward 提出，拨快（钟表），促进6 ambition (c, u) (1) 雄心，野心，志气，抱负，志向 A boy who is filled ambition usual

11、ly works hard. His ambition to become the Prime Minister is likely to be realized.(2) 目标，夙愿（c） He has great ambitions . 胸怀大志 He has realized his ambitions .(抱负) be ambitious to do sth ambitious (adj)有雄心的，有志气的be ambitious of sth/ have the ambition for sth渴望得到某物full of ambition 野心勃勃 7 similar (adj) 相似

12、的，类似的 be similar to （to为介词）与相似 be similar in 在方面相似 similarity (n)类似点 Shanghai is similar to Shenzhen in many ways. There are many similarities between the two.8 take a lesson/lessons 上课，学习课程，修课程 He prefers to take English lessons rather than take Chinese ones. give sb a lesson/lessons 给某人上课 teach sb

13、 a lesson 教训某人 The accident taught me a lesson Ill never forget.9 in other words 换句话说（做插入语） Beethoven wrote many world-famous musical compositions. In other words, he was a great musician.Im not used to the way you speak to me. In other words, I dont want to continue our conversations （1）in word 口头上

14、 I dont want you to tell me in word that you will study hard. （2）in words 用语言（来表达）一般置于句末 You dont know how wonderful it is . It cant be described in words.（3） in a /one word 一句话，简言之，总之 In a word, we must try our best to do the work. （4）get in a word插话（5）leave word留言（6）have a word with sb与谈谈 （7）break

15、 ones word失信，食言（8）keep ones word遵守诺言 （9）word by word 逐字地，一字不变地10 as (1) conj 用作连词可引导时间，原因，让步，比较，方式等状语从句 As he looked at her, she made a face. As he didnt know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up . He doesnt speak as the other people do . You must do as I told you. He is not so dili

16、gent as you. Young as he is , he knows a lot. Child/Student as he is, he has a good knowledge of history.As a young boy , he lost his parents in the war. I watched her as she combed her hair. I have changed it as you suggested.I read the letter as I walked along the river. As you werent there , I le

17、ft a message. As he has been ill , perhaps he needs help.Try as he would , he couldnt open the door. Tired as they were, they walked on. Leave the table as it is. (2) 作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，先行词前常有such, the same, as, so 与之呼应，构成suchas, soas,等 Well make such computers as are needed in different branches of sc

18、ience. I want to buy the same shoes as were advertised. (3) 作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，as 指前或后面整个句子的内容。 As you can see in the map, the two cities are far away from each other. As everybody knows ,all that glitters is not gold. (4) prep 作为 You will be welcomed as a hero tomorrow morning . She treats him as her

19、 brother. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot in Canada, _this was a memory she especially treasured. A as B if C when D where 11 adapt (1) 使适应；使适合，适应。一般与to 连用adapt (oneself ) to，相当于adjust to Can you adapt yourself to the new job? Youd better adapt to the new environment as s

20、oon as possible. She adapted herself quickly to the new climate. He could not adapt his way of life to the company. (2) 改编，改写（rewrite） adapt A for B 把A 改编为B The story was adapted for a TV play. Difficult books are sometimes adapted for use in schools . 以适应学校之用。 adapt from 从选取/改编 The play is adapted

21、from a novel. This novel has been adapted for radio from Russian original. adapter/adaptor (n) 改编者 adaptation (n) 适应，改编 adaptable (adj) 能适应的，可改编的 近义词辨析: adjust强调调整或调节以适应 adapt指修改或改变，使某人或某物做些改变以适应新条件，此意时可互换。 You cant see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes .把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后，你才能看见。

22、It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce. It took several seconds for his eyes to adjust to the dark. Youll quickly adjust yourself to student life. Im afraid he cant adapt to the idea of having a woman as his boss.12 at a time 一次 Hand me two at a time. 相关词组： （1） all the time一

23、直，始终 (2) many a time 屡次，许多次(3) several times (4) at one time以前，曾经(5) ahead of time 提前 (6) once upon a time 从前 (7) have a good time 过得愉快 (8) in no time 立刻 (9) from time to time 有时，不时的 (10) in time 及时 (11) on time 按时，准时(12) at any time 随时，在任何时候 (13)for the first time第一次 (14) out of time 不合时宜 (15) kill

24、 time消遣，消磨时光 13 including (prep) 包括，包含在内，一般用于名词或代词之前； included一般用于名词或代词之后 We all went including me . We all went , me included. Six people were killed in the accident , a driver _. 近义词辨析： contain “包含，含有，装着，盛着 ” , 通常指在一个整体中所包含含有的全部内容，或在一个容器中容纳的全部东西，强调包含的整体内容。 include “包含，包括” 指在一个整体中包括了其中一部分内容项目等， 强调包

25、含部分。常用的两种表达方式： including sb/ sth = sb/sth included Sea water contains salt. Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone. The price includes both the house and furniture. The atlas contains all the information.14 absence （n） 不在，缺席，缺少 absence of mind 心不在焉，精神恍惚 in ones absence /in th

26、e absence of sb 在背地里，在某人不在时 absent (adj) 缺席的 absent-minded 心不在焉的 be absent from 不在，缺席 They spoke ill of the captain in his absence/ in the absence of him.15 until 直到为止, not until 用于句首时后面的主句要用倒装语序（1） conj 后接时间状语从句， 也可用于强调结构。 People dont know the value of health until they lose it.Not until you told m

27、e did I know his death. Not until his mother came back, did the little boy go to bed. It was not until the government took measures that the spread of AIDS was controlled . (2) prep 在肯定句中，与延续性动词连用，意为“直到为止” ； 在否定句中与瞬间动词连用， 意为“在之前， 不到就”Ill stay here until /till next Monday. He didnt come until late in

28、 the afternoon. (傍晚)16 used to 表示过去经常或持续性的行为， 现在已经不再发生。 常用did 帮助构成疑问句和否定句，也可用used You used to drink , usednt you/didnt you? There used to be some trees in this field, usednt there/ didnt there? I used to swim in this river. Used you to swim in this river? Did you use to smoke a pipe? （烟斗） 近义词辨析： use

29、d to 过去常常，指过去的状况，也可指习惯，现在已经停止了，可与be连用。 would 多指过去的动作反复，与现在无关。不与be 连用。 He used to be a quiet boy . He would sit on the river bank fishing when he was a young child. 相关短语：(1) be used to do 被用来做 Bamboo can be used to make paper. Stamps are used to send letters. (2) be/get used to doing sth习惯于 He is not

30、 used to getting up early. Im not used to eating the same food every day. (3)be used for doing sth Stamps are used for sending letters. (4) use up 用光，用尽 used up 筋疲力尽17 tooto (1) 用来表示否定意义，可用notenough to 和sothat 来进行句式转换。The child is too young to go to school.= The child is not old enough to go to scho

31、ol.=The child is so young that he cant go to school. (2) tooto 句式中，too 后接ready, glad, willing, pleased, delighted 等形容词时，无否定意义。He is too willing to help others. Im only too glad to go home. (3) tooto 句式中，too前用否定词（never,not） 时，表示肯定意义。His courage is never too much to be praised.他的勇气再表扬也不为过。 (4) too not

32、 to .句式表示肯定意义。 He is too wise not to solve this problem.他非常聪明，必能解决这个问题。 (5) cant too 表示“无论怎么样也不过分” You cant be too careful. 你越小心越好 One cant be too old to learn. _。You cant be too careful in your studies._.18 nearly (adv) (1) 相当于almost 差不多，几乎 Its nearly ten oclock. The seasons of the year in England

33、and the USA are nearly the same. 来源:学科网ZXXK(2)密切地，亲密地（closely） The matter concerns me nearly. 这事与我密切相关。近义词辨析： 两词意义相近，肯定句中可以互换用。 一般来说,与数字连用时用nearly。另外almost 可与never,no, none, nothing, nobody 等否定词连用，而nearly 只可和not 连用，not nearly 是“远不如 ”的意思.Almost no one believed her. Almost nothing else can be more imp

34、ortant than money to him. The meeting is not nearly ready. hardly =almost not They can hardly finish the work .19 take a deep breath 做一次深呼吸 above ones breath高声地 waste ones breath 白费口舌 out of breath 上气不接下气 lose ones breath 喘不过气来hold ones breath屏息 breathe (v) 呼吸，呼出 breathless (adj)气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的 20 eve

35、ry time 可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似词有： the first /last ime , the moment , the minute , the day , the year Every time I turn to him for help , he is always generous. I was really scared the first time I saw a snake. I got started the moment I received your letter. I sent you the news the instant I heard it. Hi

36、s son was brought into the world the day he went abroad. 21 behind (1) (adv) The dog was running behind . Mary was tired and fell behind. (2) prep There is an old orchard behind the house. He fell behind other boys of his age in study. His homeland is a country far behind its neighbors. He left noth

37、ing but debts behind him. Are you going to have a holiday this year? -Id love to . I cant wait to leave this place _.A off B out C behind D overleave behind 把落在,把抛在后面，永远离开 不能用forget behind 22 My life is a lot easier at high school than it was at primary school. 中a lot 作状语，用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级。类似的词还有still,

38、 no , any, much, rather, a bit, a little, far, even, a lot , a great deal 等 She got far more books than I . There are even more people than expected . He studies rather harder than Li Ming . You knows even less about it than I do. -Do you feel any better?I feel much better. It is a little warmer tod

39、ay. This question is a lot more difficult than last one. 近义词辨析： very , quite , fairly , greatly 等不能用来修饰比较级，但可修饰原级。 Its fairly warm today. It is quite possible to travel on the moon in the future. Im greatly surprised to see you here .23 accept 接受（ 主观上） receive (客观上) 还有“接纳，接待”之意： 我不能接受你的礼物。_. He rece

40、ived an award for bravery from the police service We received a warm welcome from our host. He was received as an horned guest at the White House.He never really accepted her as his own child. It may take years to be completely accepted by the local people.It is generally accepted that people are mo

41、tivated by success. 普遍认为成功催人奋进 accept as 接纳,承认 accept into She was disappointed not to be accepted into the club. acceptable（adj）认同的,认可的 acceptance (n) 接受，同意 24 annoy (vt) 打搅，干扰，使烦恼，使生气（尤用于被动语态） He was annoyed with his wife because the dinner badly cooked. He got /was/felt annoyed with the boy for b

42、eing so stupid.= He was annoyed at the boys stupidity. be annoyed at /about sth with sb annoyed (adj) 恼怒的，生气的 annoying （(adj) 令人恼怒的，令人生气的25 get done “get+pp ” 可用来表示被动语态。另外get后还可加形容词、现在分词等表示状态的改变。 Its time you got married. He went out last night and got drunk. He was caught in the rain and got wet al

43、l over. When these women get talking , they go on for hours.这些妇女一谈就是几个小时。 get dressed get charged get changed get started get separated 相关短语： （1） get sth done 让/请人做某事 (2) get sth across使某物被理解 (3) get along (well) with 与相处得 (4) get off 下车 (5) get to 到达 (6) get away (from ) 离开 (7) get on （well with）进步

44、，进展，相处(8) get through 打通电话，使某人理解，完成，通过（考试） (9) get up (10) get out 泄露，说出 (11) get away with 侥幸做成， 逃脱处罚，避免 （12） get close to 接近 （13） get down to 静下心来做某事，被所吸引(to是介词) （14） get down to business 开始处理最重要的事情 （15） get about /around到处走动，（消息）传播 （16）get accustomed to(doing) sth习惯于(17) get hold of 抓住 （18）get in

45、 a word 插话（19） get in touch with 与取得联系（20） get into trouble (21) get into debt 借债，负债 （22） get killed 送命 （23） get lost迷路 （24） get nowhere 无进展（25）get over 克服，从（疾病或失望中） 恢复过来（26） get ready to do /for sth 准备好 (27) get rid of 处理掉（某物） 摆脱 (28) get sb to do sth 让某人去做某事 （29）get used to doing 习惯于（30） get to kn

46、ow 开始熟悉（某人或某地） （31） get/lay/put your hands on something 得到某物，获得某物26 ignore 不理，不顾，忽视 To his disappointment, his great contribution was ignored by his superiors. I ignored his rude remarks and went on with my experiment. 近义词辨析： ignore 为不理会采取视而不见的态度。 neglect 因为粗心等原因而没有注意到或忽视 She neglects her studies. She denies neglecting her baby.(疏于照顾) The