2020—2021学年北京市东城区高三（上）英语期末试卷（附答案详解）.docx

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1、20202021学年北京市东城区高三（上）英语期末试卷一阅读理解（本大题共14小题，共28.0分）ATo increase your chances of landing an assignment for a travel guidebook, you need to find out what the publishers are looking for. Here are links to their submission guidelines with a few special requirements and tips.FonofsFonofs is a publishing co

2、mpany of both travel guidebooks and online content covering thousands of destinations worldwide. Visit Fonors. com/about-us, and near the bottom of the page youll find Write for Us11 with information for submitting articles. Do remember to attach a copy of one of your other works when contributing.T

3、IP: Fonors always hires writers who live in the destinations they cover. So, its good to remember: While you may want to write about a foreign destination, more than likely youre closer to being an expert about the place where you live.WorkmanWorkman publishes unique and unexpected travel guides suc

4、h as 1,000 Places to See Before You Die. and The Food Lovers Guide to Paris. Consider them if youre interested in writing a nontraditional travel guide. You can find their submission guidelines atworkman /work-with-us. They require a typical nonfiction book proposal with a suggested table of content

5、s and author information. A chapter of your other books is also required. Send your submissions to submissionsworkman .TIP: If they dont accept your article, you might be lucky enough to get feedback about why.Lonely PlanetWriters can get in touch with Lonely Planet by visiting their Become a Contri

6、butorn page at LonelyPlanet /contribute. At that page youll find a form asking for a resume（简历）and links to your other writing, but theres also space for more travel-related information such as geographical knowledge and level of fluency in relevant languages.TIP: Youll find they also accept article

7、s for Travel News1. If they say yes, you may get another chance for a bigger job such as a guidebook.For more information on publishers, please visit ContributorsDigest .Bassi has always cared about the threat of climate change, but she actually started her career in the oil industry. After a few ye

8、ars, she landed at bio-bean, a startup that turned waste coffee grounds into products that could be burnt for heat and fuel. After a year, Bassi was keen to branch out-used coffee grounds are not the biggest threat facing the planet. Instead, she poured her efforts into tackling a much bigger global

9、 polluter: the fashion industry.According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is set to double by 2050. But they donft last long enough to offset(抵消)the carbon cost of producing the material, creating the clothes, and then shipping them to c

10、ustomers. It makes no sense that we have such n high carbon footprint for something so short-lived, Bassi says.Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi has developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. This new plastic can then

11、 be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture.Fashion companies have some other ways to reduce fashion waste, from creating clothes designed to last, to recyclin

12、g the fabric to make more clothing. But na problem this big needs multiple solutions/* Bassi says. MWe think about the multiple lives of a product and how we can keep reusing it instead of letting it fall into landfills or incinerators(焚化 炉)J she says.(1) Why did Bassi switch her focus to the fashio

13、n industry?(2) Please paraphrase the underlined sentence in your own words.(3) Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make第10页，共20页more clothing.(4) Please

14、 briefly present your own solution(s) to the throwaway problem in daily life, (about 40 words)六、书面表达(本大题共1小题，共25.0分) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来邮件，询问你如何利用博物馆资源促进学习。请你给Jim回一封电子邮件，内容包括:经历;(2)感受。注意:词数100左右;开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua答案和解析13.【答案】B、B、D解析1.通过第段中 To increase your chances of landing

15、 an assignment for a travel guidebook, you need to find out what the publishers are looking for.（为了增力口你得至lj旅行 指南的机会，你需要了解出版商的需求。）以及Here are links to their submission guidelines with a few special requirements and tips.（以下是他们提交指南的链接，其中有一些特殊 要求和提示。）可知，本文主要介绍一些出版社为作家提供机会。应选B。2 .根据 Workman 局部中 If they d

16、on*t accept your article, you might be lucky enough to get feedback about why.（如果他们不接受你的文章，你可能会足够幸运地得到反应的原因。） 可知，Workman可以就如何改进文章提供建议。应选B。3 .通过 Fonor*s 局部中 Do remember to attach a copy of one of your other works when contributing.（投稿时记得附上一份其他作品的复印件。）和Workman局部中A chapter of your other books is also r

17、equired.（你的其他书的一个章节也是必需的。）以及Lonely Planet 局部中 At that page youll find a form asking for a resume（简历）and links to your other writing（在那个页面上，你会发现一张要求提交简历的表格和你其他作品的链接）可知， 所有公司都要求作者有作品，也就是有写作经验。应选D。46 .【答案】A、C、B【解析】L【文章大意】本文主要介绍Craig Foster获奖的纪录片“My Octopus Teacher” 以及他拍纪录片的感受。根据第二段中 he began following

18、this incredibly shy creature.以及 And then, after Fosters dogged persistence for 26 days, she reached out and touched him.可矢口, 他开始跟踪这个令 人难以置信的害羞生物，然后在Foster顽强坚持了 26天之后，章鱼伸出手来抚摸他。 所以Foster通过26天获得了章鱼的信任，这需要很大的耐心。应选A。4 .根据第二段中 he began following this incredibly shy creature.以及 And then, after Fosters dog

19、ged persistence for 26 days, she reached out and touched him.和第四段中 If you gain the trust of that animal over a period of months可知，他开始跟踪这个令人难以置信的害羞生 物，然后在Foster顽强坚持了 26天之后，章鱼伸出手来抚摸他，接着通过几个月的时 间逐渐建立信任。应选C。5 .根据最后一段中 The octopus changed Fosters life forever.以及 Foster says the octopus taught him that hu

20、mans are part of the natural world, and not simply visitors.（章鱼永远改变 第12页，共20页了福斯特的生活，Foster表示章鱼教会了他人类是自然界的一局部，而不仅仅是游客。所以Foster从这次经历中认识到了人类是属于自然界的。应选B。710.【答案】A、D、A、D【解析】1【文章大意】本文主要表达SmartTech公司创造了一种产品，可以使新鲜农 产品的保质期延长一倍。根据第二段中 Obadiah Kisaingu, a farmer in Masii, estimates 40% of the villages mango c

21、rop is lost to spoilage.以及 A company. enabling farmers like Kisaingu to access far-off, larger markets.可知，马西伊的农民Obadiah Kisaingu估计，村里40%的芒果作物因腐败而损 失，而SmartTech公司创造了一种产品，可以使新鲜农产品的保质期延长一倍，使 Kisaingu这样的农民能够进入遥远的更大的市场。所以作物易腐烂，作者提到肯尼亚的 小农场主是为了强调保护农产品的需要。应选A。2 .根据第三段中 Fortunately, researchers have found w

22、hen plants made the jump from water tohelping keep water in.（幸运的是，研究人员发现，当植物在数亿年前从水跳到陆地 时，它们长出了角质，这是一种由脂肪酸组成的屏障，它们连接在一起，在植物周围形 成一道密封，帮助锁住水分。）可知，SmartTech的产品建立在植物自身防御系统的基 础上。应选D。3 .根据最后一段中 Rogers 说的 SmartTech has huge potential to turn poor farmers in Africa into commercial farmers 以及 That means more

23、 money in pockets and more food in stomachs. 可知，智能技术有巨大的潜能把非洲贫穷的农民变成商人农民，这意味着口袋里有更多 的钱，肚子里有更多的食物。所以James Rogers希望为农民谋利。应选A。4 .通读全文可知，本文主要表达SmartTech公司创造了一种产品，可以使新鲜农产品的 保质期延长一倍。所以这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一项技术。应选D。1114.【答案】D、C、C、A【解析】L【文章大意】本文主要表达研究发现人工智能不能把学习的知识应用在别的 领域，从而探讨智力到底是什么。根据第段中 Then again, babies can do

24、 things beyond the reach of any AL 以及 By just a few months old, theyve begun. such as grammar.和 Theyve started to understand how to adapt to unfamiliar situations.可知，婴儿可以做任何人工智能都做不到的事情。仅仅儿个月大的 时候，他们就开始掌握语言的基础，比方语法。他们已经开始了解如何适应不熟悉的环 境。所以和先进的人工智能程序相比，婴儿更擅长作出调整。应选D。2 .根据划线词所在句前句 After playing thousands

25、 of games against itself at a super speed. and even invented new ones.（在以超快的速度与自己进行了数千场比赛，并从获胜的位 置中学习后，阿尔法零点独立发现了几种著名的国际象棋策略，甚至创造了新的策略。） 可知，阿尔法零超越了人类的认知能力。因此划线词所在句意为“它看起来确实像一台 机器，让人类的认知能力黯然失色”。所以划线词eclipsing意为“超越，让黯然失 色”。应选C。3 .根据倒数第二段中 What a strong human chess player is demonstrating is not only t

26、he ability to play chess, but the potential to fulfill any task of a similar difficulty. （一4、弓虽大的人 类棋手所展示的不仅是下棋的能力，还有完成任何类似难度任务的潜力。）和最后一段 中 AI programmes will need to learn in new ways-for example, by drawing causal inferences ratherthansimplyfindingpatterns.（人工智能课程将需要以新的方式学习，例如，通过绘 制因果推断，而不是简单地寻找模式

27、。）可知，Francois Chollet和JoshTenenbaum可能 赞同人工智能缺乏一种技能的泛化能力。应选C。4 .通读全文，根据第二段中 Yet even experts like Spelke dont understand precisely how babies-or adults, for that matter-learn.以及 That gap points to a puzzle at the heart of modern artificial intelligence: Were not sure what to aim for.（这一差距指向 了现代人工智 能的

28、核心问题：我们不确定目标是什么。）可知，本文主要讲述了到底什么是真正的智 力。A项（智力到底是什么？）适合作为文章标题。应选A。1519.【答案】E、D、F、B、C【解析】L【文章大意】本文主要介绍演讲紧张的原因以及如何减轻演讲时的紧张。 根据上句 Most people admit extreme nervousness at even the thought of giving a speech.（大 多数人成认，一想到要发表演讲就会极度紧张。）以及下句Through speaking, we gain the power to share what we are thinking wit

29、h others.（通过演讲，我们具有和其他人提供我们 的想法的能力。）可知，空处是表达要去应对演讲的紧张，因为演讲很重要。E项（但 是你必须学会应付紧张，因为演讲很重要。）承上启下，符合语境。应选E。2 .根据上句 Actually, not only do most beginning speakers suffer anxiety at the thought of speaking. before speaking.下句 Some people tremble, sweat, and experience shortness of breath and increased heartb

30、eat.（一些人颤抖，出汗，呼吸短促，心跳加速。）可知，空 处是表达人演讲都会紧张。D项（人与人之间紧张的不同表现是一个程度的问题。）承 上启下，符合语境。应选D。3 .根据上句 As they go through their speech, they may be so preoccupied with themselves第14页，共20页 that. what they have planned to say.（在他们演讲的过程中，他们可能会专注于自己，以 至于失去了与观众的联系，从一个点跳到另一个点，有时还会忘记自己计划要说什么。） 以及下句And they still go on

31、to deliver a strong speech可知，空处是表达演讲紧张的具体 表现。F项（然而，另一些人可能会感到忐忑不安，膝盖发软。）承上启下，符合语境。 应选Fo4 .根据上句 Very few people are so bothered by anxiety that they are unable to proceed with the speech.（很少有人因为焦虑而无法继续演讲。）以及空后两句Why?以及Because you must be a little more aroused than usual to do your best.（因为你必须 比平时更兴奋才能做

32、 到最好。）可知，空处是表达演讲时不紧张反而是不好的。B项（事实上，你不紧张的 话是有害的。）承上启下。符合语境。应选B。5 .根据上句 She was amazed when other students said to her, nYou seem so calm when you speak/ （当其他学生对她说，“你说话的时候看起来很平静。”她感到很惊讶。）和 Once you realize that your audience does not perceive your nervousness to the degree that you imagine, you will re

33、move one unnecessary source of anxiety.（一旦你意识至U你的听众并不 像你想象的那样感受到你的紧张，你就消除了一个不必要的焦虑来源）可知，空处是叙 述可以通过观众的反应来减轻演讲的紧张。C项（试着在演讲后从听众那里得到反应。） 承上启下，符合语境。应选C。2029.【答案】B、A、C、D、B、A、D、C、D、B【解析】1【文章大意】本文主要表达一名校车司机在学生的支持下重读大学成为高中 历史老师的故事。句意：多亏了一些学生的支持，一名校车司机重读大学，成了一名高中历史老师。 A.energetic 精力充分的；B.supportive 支持的；C.cons

34、iderate 体贴的；D.generous 大方的。 根据倒数第二段中 I would think of those students and all the years I wanted to make this happen, and it helped me focus my energy.（我会想起这些学生，这些年来我一直想要这 个发生，这帮助我集中了能量）以及最后一段中to give me theand ambition to go back to school可知，是在学生们的支持下，他成了一名高中历史老师。应选B。2 .句意:Clayton Ward是一位历史爱好者，因此，他很

35、享受开校车接送学生上学、放学 口寸与他们聊历史课的时光。A.enjoyed享受，喜欢；B.found发现；C.saved挽救；D.missed 思念。根据句中Clayton Ward is a history lover （Clayton Ward是一个历史爱好者）可知， 他很享受和学生们聊历史课的时光。应选A。3 .句意同上。Attended参加，出席；B.watched观看；C.bussed用公共汽车运送；D.trained 训练。根据第一段中A school bus driver （一个校车司机）可知I, Clayton Ward是一名学 校公共汽车司机，所以此处指他开校车送学生上学、放

36、学。应选C。4 .句意：在几次讨论之后，一些学生告诉我，他们想让我做他们的老师。A.driver司机； B.adviser 顾问；C.friend 朋友；D.teacher 老师。根据第一段中 A school bus driver returned to college to become a high school history teacher 以及第四段中 and talking with the students on the bus route. and teaching young minds （和孩子们在公交线路上聊天刷新了他想要拓 展教年轻的心灵的热情感）可知，孩子们想让Cl

37、ayton Ward做他们的老师。应选D。5 .句意：那些孩子所提到的，一直在我心头萦绕,给了我动力去完成我一直以来的目标。 A.aimed at 旨在；B.stuck w汕 坚持，持续；C.occurred to 突然想到；D.called on 要求， 呼吁。根据空后gave me the motivation to complete a goal （给我激励来完成目标）可知， 孩子们的提议在他脑海中挥之不去。应选B。6 .句意：起初，Ward在高中毕业后去上大学。A.Initially起初；B.Consequently因此； C.Apparently 明显地；D.Ultimately 最

38、终。根据空后 but after a year, he had to leave and soon started driving buses （但是一年之后，他不得不离开，然后开始开公交车）可知，起初 Ward上了大学，后来才去开校车的。应选A。7 .句意：但他仍然重视教育，在校车线路上与学生们的交谈重新激发了他对拓展和教育 年轻思想的热情。A.success 成功；B munication 交流;C.responsibility 责任;D.education 教育。 根据第四段下文中 renewed his sense of passion for expanding and teachi

39、ng young minds 以及倒数第二段中 take classes in between shifts and take night classes （在轮班间隙 去上课，上夜校）可知，Clayton Ward是很重视教育的。应选D。8 .句意：Ward于2019年5月入学了一所社区大学，他在驾驶公交车的同时，成功地完 成了全日制课程。A.hesitated 犹豫；B.offered 提供；C.managed 设法做到；D.happened 发生。根据倒数第二段中 I would drive my route in the morning and afternoon, take clas

40、ses in between shifts and take night classes 可知，此处为固定短语 manage to do sth,意为“设法 做某事”。应选C。9 .句意:这并不总是容易的。A.suitable合适的;B.hopeful有希望的；C.lucky幸运的; D.easy 容 易的。根据 卜 句 I would drive my route in the morning and afternoon, take classes in between shifts and take night classes （我在上午和下午开公交车线路，换班休息的时候上 课，然后还上夜

41、校）可知，同一时段兼顾开车和上课是不易的。应选D。10 .句意：你不会想到孩子们能这样做，给我动力和雄心回到学校。A.right权利；B.drive 动力；C.chance机会；D.freedom自由。根据空后并列的and ambition以及最后一段中 Its kind of crazy that such a small thing can make such an impact on your life.（这么小的事第16页，共20页情会对你的生活产生如此大的影响，这有点疯狂。）可知，此处指“动力”。应选B。30 .【答案】【小题1】died【小题2】oldest【小题3】setting

42、【解析】1句意:著名游泳运发动Adolph Kiefer于2017年去世，享年98岁。时间状语 是in 2017,故此处用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。故填died。31 句意：Kiefer是美国历史上年纪最大的奥运冠军。根据上句at the age of 98 in 2017以 及句意可知，此处是指“现存年纪最大的奥运冠军”，空处应为形容词的最高级。故填 oldest o句意：一年后，Kiefer在奥运会的100米仰泳比赛中获得金牌，创下了 20年没有人打 破的纪录。分析句子可知，句中存在谓语动词won,所以空处为非谓语动词。动词set 与其逻辑主语Kiefer之间为主动关系，应为set的

43、动词.ing形式做伴随状语。故填setting。31 【答案】【小题1】weighs【小题2】who【小题3】to let【解析】1句意：该结构共有80块石头，每块石头重约3吨。根据空前的and可知， 此处为并列句，根据句中has可知，此处描述一般事实，用一般现在时。并列句主语为 each stone,是单数名词，和动词weigh构成主动关系，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形 式。故填weighs。2 .句意：没有人确定是谁建造了这个结构。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从 句中作主语，表示“谁建造了这个结构”，应用连接词who引导。故填who。3 .句意：有些人甚至认为来自另一个星球的生物访

44、问地球时留下它，只是为了让我们知 道他们在这里而已。分析句子可知，此处表示目的，需要用不定式短语作目的状语，主语creatures和let构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用不定式的一般式。故填to let。32 【答案】【小题1】In【小题2】celebration【小题3】is held【小题4】where【解析】L句意：在西班牙语中，cincode may。的意思是5月5日。此处表示“在西班 牙语中”，所以用介词in,且位于句首，首字母必须大写。故填In。2 .句意：那一天是庆祝墨西哥人民战斗精神的一天。根据空前定冠词the以及句意，此 处为名词celebration,意为“庆祝”。故填cele

45、bration。3 .句意：这个节日在墨西哥和美国局部地区举行，特别是在西南部，那里的西班牙裔人 口较多。festival与动词hold之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，要用被动语态，此处说明的是 一般事实，所以空处为一般现在时的被动语态。主语是The festival,助动词be用is。 故填 is heldo.句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Southwest,在 从句中做地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。33,【答案】【小题 1 】Because its a much bigger global polluter.小题 2 There*s no

46、 point in paying such a high carbon cost for products that don*t last long.AVe produce much CO2 while making and shipping clothes. We throw them away shortly after we buy them. Its not right.【小题 3 】Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clot

47、hing. According to the passage, the new material can be used to make different products.【4、题 4 】Some people in order to covet convenience, will use disposable products. In the long run, a person who use disposable goods will make many trees die. So for our health, we shouldn*t continue to use dispos

48、able goods.第18页，共20页【解析】L 根据第三段最后一句 Instead, she poured her efforts into tackling a much bigger global polluter: the fashion industry.（相反，她将自己的努力倾注于应对一个更大的全球 污染源：时尚业。）可知，Bassi把重点转向时尚产业是因为它是一个更大的全球污染 源。句首首字母大写。故填 Because its a much bigger global polluter. o.根据第四段中 According to the Ellen MacArthur Fou

49、ndation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is set to double by 2050,以及 But they dont last long enough to offsetthem to customers.可知，根据Ellen MacArthur基金会的数据，我们每年生产1000 亿件衣服，到2050年这一数字将翻一番。但它们的使用时间缺乏以抵消生产材料、制 作服装以及运送给客户的碳本钱。所以划线句意为“对于如此短暂的东西，我们产生如 此高的碳足迹，这毫无意义”。There*s no point in paying such