中考英语所给词的适当形式填空.docx

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1、如何做用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空是中考常见的试题类型之一，旨在考查 学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力。解此类型的试题可遵循 以下步骤：1.明确所给词的词性2.弄清所给句子的意思 3.确定空 白处所需的词性 4.正确写出所填的词用所给词的适当形式填空主要考查以下词类：一.对名词的考查.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式.名词的单数形式转换成复数形式（规那么变化）一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。例如： deskdesks, keykeys, monkeymonkeys, boyboys 等以-x,-s,-ch,-sh,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之

2、 后力口-es。例如：fbxfoxes, bossbosses, bus-buses, class-classes, dressdresses, witness-witnesses, address-addresses, beach-beaches, coachcoaches, couchcouches,inchinches,sandwichsanwiches, churchTchurches,watchfwatches,matchmatches,speech-speeches, witch-witches,dish-dishes,brush-brushes,gold 行 shgoldfish

3、, fishfishes, toothbrush-toothbrushes 等。以。结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-s的有： zoozoos,radio-radios,photo-photos,piano-pianos,kilofkilos, mangomangos,bamboobamboos,kangarookangarooso有些形容词的比拟级和最高级的构成，既可以在词为加-er/cst,又 可以在3司前力口 more/mosto 伊口： clever, mon, polite, quiet, peasant, simple 等。.形容词比拟级/最高级的不规那么变化badw

4、orse-worstgoodbetterbestmuch/manymoremost littlelessleast考例 1: 2005 年 XX 市Our team was much(strong) than theirs. We won the game at last.分析：所给的词strong为形容词，根据句意可知，应用形容词的 比拟级，即应填strong的 比拟级stronger。考伊2: 2005 年 XX 市The more exercise you take, the you 11 be.(health)分析：(略)应 填healthier。考例 3： 2005 年 XX 市Ho

5、uses in some cities now are much thanbefore, (expensive)分析：(略)应 填 more expensive。1 .考查形容词转换成副词形 容3司 +ly-副 3司 badbadly,brightTbrightly,certain- certainly,carefulcarefully?carelesscarelessly,clearclearly?cleancleanlyjoudloudly?politepolitely,quicksquickly ,quietquietly?realreally?sadsadly?safesafely s

6、lowslowly?strongstrongly,usualusually?widewidely,angryangrily,heavyTheavily,easyTeasily,happyThappily,silentsilently?luckyluckily?suddensuddenly?busybusilyexactexacdy?n eatneatlymoisyTnoisily,successful-successfally,terribleTterribly,trueT truly,等。注意：early-early,fastfast,good-well 等。考例：2005 年 XX 市Be

7、 careful, or you won t work out the physics problem.(easy)分析：所给的词easy为形容词，根据句意可知，应用副词修饰动词 work out,因 此应填easy的 副词 easily o.考查形容词转换成名词参见“名词转换为形容词”注意：iUillnessforeignforeigner highheight truetruth考例：2005 年 XX 市When he saw the boy was in danger, Edison rushed out and carried him to _ (safe).分析：所给的词safe为

8、形容词，根据句意可知，应用名词作介词to 的宾语)即应填safe的名词safetyo五.对副词的考查.考查副词的比拟级/最高级.副词比拟级/最高级的规那么变化一殳单音节的副词在词尾力口-17-051例如：fastfaster/est,hardharder/ estjonglonger/estjoud-douder/est?high higher/est,soonsonner/est注 意：early earlier/ est多音节副词和局部双音节副词)须在词前加more/mosto例如： angrilymore/mostangrilyW 匕夕卜 还有 ：quietly,quickly.sadl

9、y,slowly,widely,suddenly,happily ,politly,clearly,often,carefully, carelessly .luckily 等。.副词比拟级/最高级的不规那么变化wellbetterTbest, badlyworseworst/arfarther further / farthest furthest考伊J ： 2005 年 XX 市Mike and I started to learn painting at the same time, but now he can paint much(good) than I.分析：所给的词good为形

10、容词，根据句意可知，应用副词的比拟级, 即应填good的副词 well的比拟bettero.考查副词转换成形容词中考中不常出现。六.对动词的考查1.考查动词转换成名词动词转换成名词常见的有：.动词+er名词workworker,teachteacher,keepkeepejpaintTpaintet,sellseller,speakspeaker?waitwaiter,cleancleaner, playplayer, surf-surfer,sing-singer?ownowner 等。(2)动1司 +r一名 3司 managemanager?writewriter?dancedancer,

11、diveTdiver drivedriver,strikestriker 等。注意：runrunner?swimswimmer?traveltraveller,winwinner, robrobber.cookcook 等。(3) . 动 3司 +or一名 3司visit-visitorjnventTinventor. 动 3司+ (t)ionT名词 invention,oprateTopration,discuss-discussion,pollutepollution,. 动 3司 +ing名 3司 park-parking,meanTmeaning,surf-surfing?traint

12、raining,shopshopping,meetmeeting?tumturning,crossTcrossing,begiiiTbeginning,build7building,cleatiTcleaning,draw-drawing,paint-painting,swimswimming,washwashing 等。注意：robrobbery?pleasepleasure? diedeath,thinkthough t?knowknowledge?appearappearance,disappeardisappearance,dry-drought,flyflight 等 0考例 1:

13、2005 年 XX 市Some foreign(visit) from England came to our school last week.分析：所给的visit为动词，根据句意可知，应用名词作主语，即应填 visit的名词复数 visitors.考例 2： 2005 年 XX 市Paul is the best basketball(play) on school team.分析：（略）应填player o 考例 3 ： 2005 年 XX 市We feel sorry that Chen Yifei, a famous(paint), died when he was fifty-n

14、ine.分析：(略)应填painter o考例 4： 2005 年 XX 市Every child has a dream. My life dream is to be a pop(sing).分析：(略)应填singer o查动词转换成形容词动词转换成形容词一般都是转换成其相应的形容词化的过去分词或 现在分词：(1) .动词+ing形 容3司 interestTinteresting,surprise-surprising,exciteTexciting,missTmissingjelaxTrelaxing, amazeamazing?movemoving,followfollowing

15、等 o.动词 + (e)d-形 容词close-closed,hurryhurried/worryTworriedcrowdcrowded.pleasepleasedjinterestinterestedsurprisesurprised?frightenfrightened?useused?break broken 等。注 意：pleasepleasant,enjoyenjoyable?fillfuH?diedead,sleep-asleep,wake-awake,forgetforgetfuLopenTopen 等 o 考例 1 ： 2005 年 XX 市No matter how lon

16、g Yin Xuemei has been, her spirit of protecting students from danger will always live on. (die)分析：所给的die为动词，根据句意可知，应用形容词作表语，即应 填die的形容词deado考伊2: 2005 年 XX 市You may be if you are in trouble and have noone to help you. (worry)分析：(略)应填worried。考例3 ： 2005 年宿迁市think English is very useful. Are you(interes

17、t) in it?分析：所给的interest为动词，根据习惯表达be interested in可知， 应 填 interest 的 形 容词 interested。考例 4： 2005 年 XX 市After the study trip, Sally became(interest) in the culture of China.分析：(略)应 填interested 0考例 5: 2005 年 XX 市Lily told us a(surprise) piece of news.分析：所给的surprise为动词，其形 容词为surprising和surprised两种 形式，前者在

18、句中一般作定语或表语，说明人或事物的特性；后者在 句中一般作表语，说明人对其他人或事物的感觉。根据句意可知，应 填 surprisingo考例 6 ： 2005 年 XX 市His sister sings well. She has a(please) voice. 分析：(略)应 填pleasanto力口-es 有：tomatotomatoes, potato-potatoes, dodododoes/s,hero-heroes。以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变y为i,再加-es o 伊J 出口 ： family-familiesJadyladies,babyTbibies

19、,copy-copies, body-bodies,centurycenturies,diary-diaries,dictionary-dictionaries,fac toryTfactoriesJibraryTlibaries,batterybatteries,documentrvdocumentries?buddybuddies?abilityabilities?countrycou ntries?butterflybutterflies?enemyenemies,memorymemories?balconybalconiesjaboratorylaboratrories?beautyb

20、eauties,chari tychari ties,edyedies,industry-industries,quallityquallitiesjeplyTreplies,difficulty-difficulties, theropytheropies,mysterymysteries, hobbyhobbies,storystories,city-citiesJaundryTlaundries,activityTactivities 等 o以f或fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变f或fe为v,再力口 -es o 伊J 出口 ： half-halves, knifeknives?wi

21、fewivesjeaf-leaves, shelf-shelves,herself-themseves,scalf-scalfs/scalves,wolf-wolves 等。考例 1 ： 2005 年 XX 市Look! There are some(bird) flying in the sky. 分析：所给的词bird是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知，应填名词的复数形式，bird的复数形式是birds,因此应填birds. 考例 2: 2005 年 XX 市Your present is in one of the Can you guess?(box)分析：所给的词box是可数名词

22、的单数形式，根据习惯表达 one of the +可数名词复数”可知，应填名词的复数形式，box的复数形式 是boxes）因此应填boxes。考例 3： 2004 年 XX 市Newspaper reports say that some more （country） have bee E.U.（欧盟）members this year.分析：所给的词country是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知, 应用可数名词的复数形式，因此应填countries。考例 4： 2003 年 XX 市The earthquake rocked the cities in the north of Alg

23、eria. Many people lost their. （life）分析：所给的词life是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名 词的复数形式，life的复数形式为lives,因此应填lives。.名词的单数形式转换成复数形式（不规那么变化）footfeet,tooth-teeth,child-children,manTmen,womanTwomen,policemanpolicemen.policewomanpolicewomen,FrenchmanFrenchmen,snowmansnowmen?businessmanbusinessmen,EnglishmanEnglishmen

24、,gentlemangen tiemen,salesmansalesmen, mouse-mice/mouses（鼠标），sheepsheep, ChineseChinese, JapaneseJapanese, fish-fish 等。考例 1 ： 2004 年 XX 市It s good for us to brush our（tooth） after meals.分析：所给的词tooth是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用 名词的复数形式，而tooth的复数形式是不规那么的，为teeth,因此应填 teeth o.考查名词的所有格考例 1: 2005 年 XX 市Chocolate

25、is usually favourite food, (child)分析：所给的词child是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意“巧可力是孩子们最喜爱的食物”可知，所填的词在句中作定语，应用复数名 词的所有格作定语，child的复数形式的所有格为children s,因此应 填 children s。考例 2: 2005 年 XX 市Tomorrow is(father) Day. What will you do for your dad?分析：所给的词father是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，“父 亲节”为 Father s Day,因 此应填 Father so注意：母亲节为 Mothe

26、r s Day,妇女节为 Women s Day,儿童节为 Childrens Day,教师 节为 Teachers Dayo.考查名词转换成形容词名词转换成形容词有以下几种情况：.名 词 +y t 形 容词 例 4口 ： rainrainy,windwindy,cloudcloudy? sunsunny,snowsnowy?fogfoggy,mistmisty?healthhealthyjuckl ucky?unluckunlucky,noisenoisy,fun funny,thirstthirsty 等。(2) .名 词+fulT 形 容词 例 如：carecareful, thankt

27、hankful, helphelpful?useuseful,wonderwonderflil,colour colourful,painpainful,successsuccessful 等 o.名 1 司 +iit形 容司 伊14口 ： AmericaAmerican, RussiaRussian, IndiaIndian, AustraliaAustralian, CanadaCanadianJtalyItalian 等。(4)名 3司 + ern形 容3司 伊| 或口 ： easteastern,westwestern, northTnorthern,south-southern 等。

28、(5).名词 +oust形容3司 O-dangerdangerousfamefamous 等。注 意：friendfriendly?woolwoolen?differencedifferent,difficultydifficult?importanceimportant?prideproud, personpersonal,safetysafe,confidenceconfident 等。考例 1: 2005 年 XX 市What a(rain) day! We have to stay at home. 分析：所给的词rain在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词 在句中作定语，修饰d

29、ay,应用形容词)rain的形容词为rainy,因此 应填rainy。考例 2： 2005 年 XX 市Too much homework is really (pain) to students.分析：所给的词pain为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作表语, 应用形容词)pain的形容词为painful)即应填painfulo4.考查名词变为副词successsuccessfully.carecarefully.carecarelessly, healthhealthily?noisenoisily 等。考例：2005 年 XX 市They played so that they los

30、t the football match,(care)分析：所给的词care在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词 在句中作状语,修饰played,应用副词，care的副词为carefully,即应填 carefully o二.对数词的考查.考查基数词转换成序数词基数词变为序数词时，一般情况下在基数词之后加-th。例如：four 一fourth但是，特殊的基数词变为序数词可用以下口诀来帮助记忆：一、二、 三单独记，八去t,九去e,五和十二记仔细，f来把ve替，ty变成tie, 后面再力口 th 。 即： onefirst?twosecond?threethird?eight Teighth

31、,nineTninth)fiveTfifth)twelveTtwelfth)twentyTtwentieth, thirtythirtieth,fortyfortieth,fifty7fl ftieth,sixtyTsixtieth,seventy-seventieth,eighty eightieth.ninetyninetieth 等。考例 1: 2005 年 XX 市The(eight) lesson is not so easy as the ninth lesson, I think.分析：所给的词eight为基数词,根据习惯表达“第八课”应用序数词， eight的序数词为eight

32、h,即应填eightho考例 2 ： 2005 年 XX 市We will have the celebration for the return ofHong Kong, (nine)分析：(略)应填ninth。考 伊J 3: 2005 年 XX 市The students from America live on the floor.(nine)分析：(略)应填ninth。考例 4： 2005 年 XX 市Liu Xiang got the(one) in his petition of the 200401ympic Games.分析：(略)应填first。1 .考查分数词考例：2005

33、 年 XX 市Two(three) of the boys in my class are in the school football team.分析：所给的词three是基数词，根据句意可知，此题是考查分数 词的表达，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。当分子大于1时, 表示分母的序数词应用复数形式，因此应用three的序数词third的复 数形式thirds,即应填thirds。三.对代词的考查.考查人称代词主宾格之间的转换中考中不常出现。1 .考查物主代词之间的转换考例：2005 年宿迁市Yesterday I was doing some shopping in the superm

34、arket when I met a friend of(my).分析：所给的词my为形容词性物主代词，根据句意可知，应用名词 性物主代词作介词of的宾语，即应填my的名词性物主代词mineo 3.考查人称代词转换成自身代词考例 1: 2005 年 XX 市The clever girl could teach English whenshe was ten. (she)分析：所给的词she为人称代词主格,根据习惯表达teach oneself sth. 可知，应用自身代词作宾语，即应填she的自身代词herself。考例 2: 2005 年 XX 市Thanks to space satel

35、lites, the world _ (it) is being a much smaller place.分析：所给的词it为人称代词，根据句意可知，应用自身代词作主 语的同位语，即应填it的自身代词itselfo4.考查人称代词转换成物主代词考例 1: 2005 年 XX 市My schoolbag is different from(he). Mine is newer.分析：所给的词he为人称代词主格，根据句意可知，应用名词性物 主代词作介词from的宾语，即应填his。考例 2: 2005 年 XX 市 Our way of learning English is a lot bet

36、ter than一.(they)分析:(略)应填theirs。考例 3： 2005 年 XX 市 (we) city, Huai an ,is Zhou Enlan? s hometown. We are proud of him.分析：(略)应填Our。考例 4： 2005 年 XX 市This is my dictionary. Where is(you)?分析:(略)应填yours。四.对形容词的考查1.考查形容词的比拟级/最高级.形容词比拟级/最高级的规那么变化一殳单音节的形 容词在词尾加-er/-est例如：blackblacker/est,bright-brighter/estW匕

37、夕卜还有:cheap, clear, clean, clever, cold, cool, dear, dark, deep, fast, few,full,great,green,hard,high,kind,lightjong,low,near,new,old,poor,quick,qui et?rich?short?slow,small?steep,strong?sweet,tall?thick?yellow?young, warm, weak 等。以字母e结尾的形容词，只须在词尾加-r/-st。例如：blue bluer/st, largelarger/st 止匕夕卜还有：able,

38、huge, late, nice, fine, free, white, wide, simple, safe, strange, polite, purple 等 0以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这 个辅音字母，再加-er/-est。例如：bigbigger/est?fatfatter/est 止匕夕卜还有：dim, red, thin, sad, wet, hot, glad 等。以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，先把y变为i,再加-er/-est。例如： angryangrier/est, easyeasier/est止匕夕卜还有:busy, happy, heavy

39、, empty, noisy, lucky, hungry, dirty, early, ready, sunny, windy, lazy, tidy, healthy, rainy, snowy, dry, unhappy, unlucky, pretty 等。多音节形容词和局部双音节形容词以及由分词转化来的形容词，须 在 3司 前力口 more/most o 伊J 4口 ： beautifulmore/most beautiful,tired more/most tired止匕夕卜还有：careful, interesting, difficult, different, dangerous, expensive, famous, important, interested, helpful, modern, useful, wonderful, worried,amazing, boring, serious 等。