高考英语词汇精要讲义1.docx

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1、高考英语词汇精要(1)1. abandon a friend in trouble/ a sinking ship/ the search for the missing hiker. abandon oneself to 放纵，沉湎于. be abandoned to sth./doing.（任务型常考） He abandoned himself to drinking = He was abandoned to drinking. with abandon 放纵，尽情 The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abando

2、n.2. enable sb to do.=make sb able to do. Reading enables a man to be wise. disable sb from doing. An accident disabled him from playing football. disabled people=people with disabilities=handicapped people 残疾人 be able to do.=*be capable of doing. be unable to do.=be incapable of doing. ability，capa

3、bility，capacity:(1)=ability/capability；(2)容量，容积 be competent for/in sth； be competent to do.； *competence n.能力 able 一般指人，表示“现实实有做某事的能力”，有时意味着“高超的能力或技艺”。 eg: an able author. capable 指人或物均可，表示有“潜在或能达到一般要求的能力”。 eg: He is hardly capable of doing such a job. competent 指具有“胜任某一专门工作的条件”。eg: a competent man

4、ager3. normal-abnormal； bring.back to normal 使.恢复正常； normally4. aboard adv.&prep.上/在船（飞机、车）上； go aboard the ship/plane; All the people aboard were killed. All aboard!=All on board! 请上船/飞机/车； Welcome aboard! 欢迎各位乘坐 *abroad; go abroad 出国 on board: (1)=aboard在船上； (2)=on the job(任务型常考) 在工作； go on board=

5、go aboard 上船/飞机/火车5. abolish(废除，废止) a policy/law/rule.6. abrupt adj.生硬的；突然的；唐突的；陡峭的 an abrupt manner(任务型)/action/cliff/bend(急弯)7. be absent from.; absence n.; in the absence of.=without.(任务型)8. totally=completely=absolutely=entirely=thoroughly 完全的，彻底的 absolutely (not) 绝对是（不是）9. Black objects can abs

6、orb/take in more heat. He was absorbed in reading,not noticing my appearance.10. abound in/with.=be abundant in/with. :（1）大量存在于.；（2）盛产；富有.; Fishes abound in/with the river.=This river abounds in/with fishes. =The river is abundant in/with fishes.=Fishes are abundant in/with the river. He abounds in

7、courage.他很有胆量。 abundant(任务型) information 大量、丰富的信息11. abuse (1)abuse sb.=treat(任务型) sb. badly 虐待; (2)abuse drugs/laws 滥用； (3)abuse/swear at/curse sb. 辱骂； abusive (adj.) language/remarks/behaviors12. academic (1)学术的； (2)学习良好的 -academy 学院13. accelerate/step up/speed up the pace of economic development.

8、 acceleration n.14. receive 收到-receiver接受者，接收器-receptionist招待员，传达员-receipt收条，收据； a *well-received（公认的）theory accept接受； I received an invitation but l didnt accept it.15. available adj. 可获得的,可用的;有空的;可找到的;单身的； 12 science labs are available for different experiments. The medicine is not available to us

9、. Are you available this afternoon? availability n.可得到的人(或物)；可用性；有效性；实用性； The availability of the medicine is still a problem. Even in the desert my wireless services availability is100%! accessible adj.可进入的；可接触的；可接近的，可到达的；易懂的；易得到的； We have a computer lab in our school,but its not accessible to us s

10、tudents. =We have no access to the school computer lab. =We have no way to access the computer lab. The railway station is accessible by different means. =The railway station can be accessed by different means.16. thing:东西，事情（通用词，口语）； business：（1）业务，生意，产业；（2）（私）事，本分（口语） on business matter:（1）物质，物体；（

11、2）事情，问题（书面语）；（3）困难，毛病，麻烦；（4） 有关系，至关重要； Does it matter whether he will come or not? What matters/counts/weighs is whether the proposal will be approved. issue：（1）常指有争议的事件；（2）期，刊（The latest issue(完型考)） （3）发行 issue a statement 发表声明 incident：小事件，插曲；accident：事故；affair：（1）事务（正式用语）（2）风流韵事； a political inci

12、dent; foreign affairs; love affairs; Its my own business; *Its none of your business. Watch your own business! *Its not a matter of money. *Its only a matter of time. His family has a big business in Chicago. Would you please see to my affairs when Im away on holiday? (记牢这些案例） event：（1）大型的/重要的事情或活动；

13、（2）体育比赛项目 by chance=by accident=accidentally=coincidentally 碰巧.17. accommodate vt.（1）sb.=put up sb. 为.提供住宿；（2）容纳=hold; accommodation n.住宿，膳食；18. keep sb. company =accompany sb. Thanks for your company(n.). companion 同伴， partner 搭档， colleague 同事， fellow/guy（1）伙伴；（2）家伙；19. achieve -achievement; achiev

14、e ones goal/success/high grades; accomplish-accomplishment; win a game/a victory; lose a game; defeat/beat sb./a team20. according to.根据，据.所说； in accordance to/with.(1)=according to；(2)=in agreement/line/harmony with.符合；按照21. What can *account for (解释) this? Bad weather *accounted for (导致) the long

15、delay. Chinese Americans *account for (=make up在数量上占)80% of the total population of the city. open an account (账户); His account (=description 描述) is very vivid.(栩栩如生) *take.into account=take.into consideration=account for.=allow for.考虑到，虑及 *on account of 由于，因为； *On no account (在任何条件下都不) will we give

16、 in to the difficulties ahead. Before taking action, we should take all related factors into consideration/account. accountant 会计22. accumulate v.积聚，堆积 accumulated funds 积累的资金； accumulation n. Dust quickly accumulates if we dont sweep our room.23. accurate adj; accuracy n; accurately=with accuracy 准

17、确的；inaccurate adj.-inaccuracy n. We can say with (some) accuracy that.肯定/确切地说.（作文中使用）24. accuse sb. of.-accusation n. charge sb. with.-charge n. sue sb. for. be accused of.=be charged with.=be sued for.25. be accustomed to sth./doing.= be used to sth./doing;26. acknowledge vt.(1)承认；(2)答谢，感谢；(3)确认收到（

18、信等）； acknowledgement n. 确认，感谢 He called me to acknowledge (the receipt of) the letter. acknowledge(完型考点) the applause 谢幕27. acquire sth. 学得(知识等)，养成(习惯等)= pick up; acquisition n.28. act vi.-action n.(行动)-active adj.-activity n.(活动)-actor n.-actress n. act n.法案29. in reality=in fact=in truth=actually=

19、in nature=in practice=as a matter of fact = in truth实际上30. advertise.=put an advertisement for. visit.=pay a visit to.; order.=place an order for.;31. adapt .to. 适应,调整,改编；adaptation n; adopt sb.收养,采纳；be adept at/in.熟练于 Well try to adapt (ourselves) to the new environment. He is my adopt son. adopt a

20、 new economic policy; Its an adapted edition of Go with wind.= Its an adaptation of Go with wind. Toms adept at painting.32. add.to.: Add oil to the fire. add to: The heavy rain added to our difficulties. add up to. 达到 The students in our school add up to 3000 or so（大约）. additive adj.附加的，添加；n.添加剂 In

21、 addition/Besides/Whats more/Moreover/Furthermore(而且). he is also very diligent. In addition to/On top of/Apart from/Aside from/Besides(除.之外) what I said just now, l still want to emphasize that.,she added(接着说).33. be addicted to alcohol/e-games.; E- games are addictive and the addiction is hard to

22、get rid of.34. address n.（1）地址；（2）致辞，演讲；（3）说话的技巧； vt.（1）对.讲演或演说；（2）称呼；（3）提出（警告，抗议等）；（4）写地址；（5） 从事于，探讨；（6）解决； home address 住址; an address of welcome 欢迎词； a man of pleasing address 一位谈吐流利的人； She addressed me in low tones（低声和我交谈）； address a protest to the authority（向当局提交抗议）； The letter was wrongly addr

23、essed（信写错了地址）； How shall l address you?（我应当怎样称呼您呢？）； He addressed himself to the task of doing his homework.（他专心致志地做他的家庭作业） If your friend did something wrong, you should always address a warning to him.（向他提出警告）； The main drawbacks of the internet l will address today are that it has too much inform

24、ation that has not been evaluated for accuracy, and that it is transforming the way people spend their time.35. ample 充足/充分/宽敞/广大的 ample food; an ample house; adequate 适当的，足够的 sufficient ; enough ; (inadequate ; insufficient)36. adjust sb./sth. to.调节，校准，适应于.be adjusted to.; adjust to.适应于； adjustment

25、 n. They find it difficult to adjust to/adjust themselves to/be adjusted to the new environment.37. administrate.管理，支配； administration n. administrator n.38. admire-admirable-admiration; respect v&n.-respectable-respectful-respective; worship n&v（崇拜）； adore-adoration 爱慕； envy n&vt.-envious adj.爱慕 be

26、 jealous of (=*be envious of=envy)-jealousy n.嫉妒(任务型) 39. admit doing.; be admitted to/by a university=gain admission to a university. He admitted having stolen the car. 40. adolescent adj&n. adolescence n.41. advance （1）前进，让步；（2）促进，推进； advanced 先进的； make advances=make progress in advance=ahead of t

27、ime=ahead of schedule=beforehand 提前，预先42. advantages-disadvantages; merits-drawbacks; strengths-weaknesses; It can also give you the *edge/plus/advantage over candidates.43. adventure 冒险-adventurous 冒险的（任务型阅读）44. recommend sth. to sb.; recommend sb. to do.; recommend doing.; recommendation n. give s

28、b some advice on sth./how to do.; take/follow ones advice; a piece of advice; advise sb to do.; advise doing.; recommend sb to do.; recommend doing.; allow/permit+doing.; allow/permit sb to do.45. advocate（拥护，提倡） better treatment for disabled people； advocate doing .; advocation n.46. feeling 感觉，心情； affection 爱，爱情； emotion 强烈感情 emotional； sentiment 理智情操； passion 炽情； passionate 充满热情的；47. afford 买得起，负担得起；提供；产生；赋予； afford to do.; affordable48. horrible. 可怕的，糟糕的；粗鲁的，不友好的； horrify sbbe horrified by.； horror n.震惊，恐慌； in horror; terrible. 非常严重的，糟糕的；十足的，极度的；可怕的