专题八 被动语态：辨别被动语态的要点总结--中考英语语法复习微专题（九年级通用）.docx

《专题八 被动语态：辨别被动语态的要点总结--中考英语语法复习微专题（九年级通用）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题八 被动语态：辨别被动语态的要点总结--中考英语语法复习微专题（九年级通用）.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 人教版初中英语语法学习/复习微专题（九年级/中考通用）专题八 被动语态：辨别被动语态的要点总结（含练习与解析）全国通用 常青藤实验中学 初中英语教研组整理1.主系表结构与被动语态的区别(1)被动结构表示动作，系表结构表示状态The cup was broken by the boy.（被动语态）这个杯子是被那个男孩打破的。The cup is broken（系表结构）这个杯子是破的。(2)“主系表”结构表示“状态”时，句中的be常可由lie, stand, feel, remain等词代替The toys lay scattered on the floor.=The toys were s

2、cattered on the floor.玩具乱扔在地板上。He remained concealed for a long time.=He was concealed for a long time.他藏匿了很长时间。(3)被动语态常由介词by引出动作的执行者，而系表结构中常用其他介词，如about, at, in, on, with, over, to等Im interested in my own hobbies, such as collecting stamps, raising birds and fishing.（系表结构）我对自己的爱好很感兴趣，如集邮、养鸟、钓鱼。I wa

3、s interested by what you showed me.（被动语态）你给我看的东西让我很感兴趣。(4)系表结构常由very，quite，rather，too，so，more，most等词修饰，被动结构常用greatly等词修饰I am very interested in computer studies.我对掌习电脑很感兴趣。I was greatly inspired by the report.我被那次报告大大地鼓舞了。注意:作表语的过去分词常见的有：broken碎的 lost丢了；迷路的known为人所知的 done做完的gone走了 astonished吃惊的bored

4、感到厌烦的 encouraged受到鼓励的invited被邀请的 frightened感到害怕的interested感兴趣的satisfied满意的pleased感到高兴的puzzled感到不解的touched受感动的 surprised感到惊讶的tired感到疲劳的 disappointed感到失望的worried感到担忧的shocked感到震凉的delighted感到高兴的2.bedone和getdone的区别(1)现代英语特别是在口语和非正式的书面语中，常用“get done”I got caught in the heavy snow in the course of climbing

5、 Mount Tai.我在爬泰山的过程中遇上了大雪。(2)“be done”既可以表示动作，也可表示状态，但“get done”只能表示动作They have been married for years.他们结婚多年了。They got married last year.他们去年结的婚。(3)经过安排、考虑的动作用“be done”，出乎意料时用“get done”The old tower was built in 1796 and is now still in a good state.这座古老的塔是1796年建的，现在还完好无损。How did the painting get d

6、amaged?这幅画是怎么被损坏的？(4)“be done”表示单纯的被动意义，而“get done”结构可以暗示主语对动作的发生负有一定的责任，含有主动意味She was arranged to work in the cutting workshop.她被安排在切割车间工作。She got beaten whatever others might say.不管别人怎么说，她被打败了。(5)“get done”结构的执行者通常不指出How did the window get opened?窗户是怎么开的？（意味着：It should have been left shut.）(6)“get

7、 done”构成疑问句、否定句时必须借助于do的适当形式Did the painting work get finished?油漆的活做完了吗？3.不可转换为被动句的主动句(1)主动句中谓语动词是表示状态的动词，如have, own, possess时，不能转换为被动语态。Have作为行为动词时通常也不用于被动语态正One should possess courage, determination and wisdom一个人应该拥有勇气、决心和智慧。误 Courage, determination and wisdom should be possessed by one.(2)宾语的限制(a

8、)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不能变被动句You should help each other whatever happens.不管发生了什么，你们都应当相互帮助。(b)当宾语是附属于主语身体的一部分时，没有被动形式，如若不是为主语所有，则可用被动形式He shook his head from time to time when questioned about his family.当问到他的家庭情况时，他不时地摇着头。My head was shaken by the doctor.我的头被医生摇了一下。(c)党宾语表示地点或处所时（junp/reach除外），不能变被动句She le

9、ft Washington for Atlanta the other day.几天前她离开华盛顿去了亚特兰大。注意：jump, reach可以用于被动句。The fence was jumped by one horse after another.这个篱笆被一匹又一匹的马跨过去了。(d)宾语是动词的同源宾语时，不能变被动句She smiled a sweet smile at me.她冲我甜甜地笑了笑。(e)当宾语是不定式短语时，不能变被动句agree，decide, demand, desire等动词后用动词不定式（短语）作宾语，不可用it作形式主语转换为被动形式。正l Most chi

10、ldren desire to stay with their parents.大多数孩子希望和父母待在一起。误lt is desired by most children to stay with their parents.(f)宾语是动词的-ing形式时，不能变被动句正John enloys /istening to rock and roll.约翰喜欢听摇滚音乐。误Listening to rock and roll is enjoyed by John.(g)当谓语动词和宾语组成一个不可分割的整体时（多为成语或惯用语），不能变被动语态We Chinese always keep ou

11、r word. (keep ones word意为“说话算数”，不可分开)我们中国人总是说话算数。注意：常见的不可变为被动语态的动词短语有：make up ones mind下定决心do ones best尽某人的最大努力keep guard看管make a face/faces做鬼脸take ones place就座（位）ake place发生 lose heart灰心speak ones mind说出心里话change color变色lose ones heart痴心于change hands转手set up home成家(h)将来进行时和完成进行时的句子不能变为被动语态形式He will be doing his exercises at eight this evening.今晚8点他将正在做练习。The workers have been running the machines for three weeks.这些工人操作机器已3周了。学科网（北京）股份有限公司