数学用语的英文读法(10页).doc

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1、-数学用语的英文读法-第 10 页数学式和数学用语的英文读法一、Number 数字 106：one million109：one billion (or one thousand million)1012：one trillion (or one million million)1015：one quadrillion(or one thousand million million)1018：one quintillion (or one million million million)二、Fractions 分数 通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。 1/2：a (or one) half

2、1/3：a (or one) third 1/4：a quarter or one fourth 2/3：two thirds, two over three, or two by three 9/10：nine tenths, nine over ten, or nine by ten4：four per mill (or mil)三、Decimals 小数 0.4：zero (or naught) point four .01：point (or decimal) naught (or oh) one 12.34：twelve point three four 30.45：thirty p

3、oint four five, 0.3333333.： point three repeating (or recurring) 四、Mathematic Forms 数学式(4-1) Addition 加法 1+2=3：One and two are three.2+3=5：Two plus three equals five. 4+0=4：Four and naught is equal to four. 45+70+152=267：45, 70 and 152 added are (or make) 267 the sum (or total) is 267. (4-2) Subtrac

4、tion 减法 (4-3) Multiplication 乘法 (4-4) Division 除法 五、Power 幂次方bn 当中， b 被称为底数 (base)，n 被称为指数 (power or exponent) bn：the nth power of b 或 b to the nth power.a107：a times the seventh power of ten.b 的平方：b square or b squared b 的立方：b cube or b cubed b 的4次方：b to the fourth b 的-1次方：b to the minus one 八、其它lo

5、g(x)：the logarithm of x logb(x)：the logarithm of x to the base b5 : 3：five to three 45 度角： forty-five degree angle二元一次方程式： linear (or simple) equation with two unknowns 一元二次方程式： quadratic equation with one unknown九、符号的英文读法 (9-1) Punctuation Marks 标点符号中文英文中文英文分节号section; division -破折号dash。句号period斜线v

6、irgule; slash ，逗号comma反斜线backslash：冒号colon波浪号tilde (or swung dash) ；分号semicolon.省略号ellipsis ！惊叹号exclamation( )圆括号parenthesesat 单引号single quotation marks所有格号apostrophe“ ”双引号double quotation marks？问号question mark法文引号或书名号French quotes.点dot 方括号(square) brackets *星号asterisk (or star) 大括号braces箭号arrow 双线号

7、parallel (9-2) Mathematical Symbols (I) 数学符号 (一)中文英文中文英文 等号is equal to不大于is not more than不等号is not equal to 百分之per cent (or percent)约等于is approximately equal to千分之per mill (or mil)小于is less than全等号is equivalent to 大于is more than约等于is approximately equal to 小于等于is less than or equal to; is no more th

8、an与成比例varies as大于等于is more than or equal to;is no less than无限大infinity不小于is not less than以及and (or ampersand)(9-3) Mathematical Symbols (II) 数学符号 (二)中文英文中文英文加号正号plus 平方根(square) root 减号负号minus 积分integral of乘号is multiplied by 总和summation of 除号is divided by度degree 正负号plus or minus 分minute 因为since; bec

9、ause秒second 所以hence 摄氏centigrade角angle F华氏(degree) Fahrenheit半圆semicircle n!n阶乘the factorial of n圆circle hat圆周circumference|a|a 的绝对值the absolute value of a圆周率pilog a对数(common) logarithm三角形triangleln a自然对数natural logarithm垂直is perpendicular tosin正弦sine合集union ofcos余弦cosine交集intersection oftan正切tangen

10、t数字numbercot余切cotangent$美元dollarsec正割secantf(a)a 的函式the function of acsc余割cosecant十、Common Words in Mathematics 数学常用字汇(10-1) Science 科学公理axiom推论corollary定理theorem反例counterexample定律law; principle演绎deduct (v); deduction(n)证明 prove; verify归纳induct (v); induction(n) 假设; 假说hypothesis; hypotheses(pl.)经验式的

11、heuristic命题proposition算法algorithm(10-2) Numbers 数数number十进制decimal system数字digit二进制binary system自然数natural number十六进制hexadecimal system整数integer有理数rational number小数decimal; decimal fraction; decimal figure无理数irrational number小数点decimal point实数real number循环小数recurring decimal; periodic decimal; repea

12、ting decimal虚数imaginary number无尽小数infinite decimal复数complex number正positive有效数字significant digit负negative无效数字insignificant digit零null, zero, naught, nil因子factor无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)公因子common factor无穷小infinitesimal倍数multiple分数fraction公倍数common multiple分子numerator质数prime number分母denominator因式分解

13、factorization(n); factorize(v)倒数reciprocal; inverse近似值approximate value(10-3) Operations (I) 运算(一)加plus(prep.); add(v.); addition(n.)被乘数multiplicand; faciend被加数augend; summand乘数multiplier; multiplicator加数addend积product和sum除divided by(prep.); divide(v.); division(n.)减minus (prep.); subtract(v.); subt

14、raction (n.)被除数dividend被减数minuend除数divisor减数subtrahend商quotient乘times(prep.); multiply(v.); multiplication(n.)余数remainder(10-4) Operations (II) 运算(二)计算calculation对数logarithm运算operation指数; 幂; 乘方exponent; power算术arithmetic二次方; 平方square运算符operator三次方; 立方cube等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to四次方the

15、 power of four;the fourth power大于is greater thann次方the power of n;the nth power小于is lesser than开方evolution; extraction大于等于is more than or equal to;is no less than二次方根;平方根square root小于等于is less than or equal to; is no more than三次方根;立方根 cube root比ratio四次方根the root of four; the fourth root进位carryn次方根th

16、e root of n; the nth root通分reduction to a common denominator截尾truncation约分reduction of a fraction四舍五入round微积分calculus下舍入floor (or round down)微分differential上舍入ceil (or round up)偏微分partial differential绝对值absolute value; modulus导数derivative阶乘factorial积分integral内积inner product定积分definite integral加权weigh

17、t, significance不定积分indefinite integral转换transform 差分difference旋积convolution (10-5) Algebras and Functions 代数与函数代数algebra方程式equation; function 系数coefficient公式formula; formulae(pl.)未知数unknown; x-factor; y-factor; z-factor恒等式identity常数constant单项式monomial变数variable多项式polynomial; multinomial函数functionn次多

18、项式nth order polynomial定义域domain; field of definition一次方程linear (or simple) equation值域range二次方程quadratic equation等式 equality三次方程cubic equation不等式inequalitym元n次方程式nth order equation with m unknowns (10-6) Properties 性质极限limit奇偶性parity正交orthogonal(a); orthogonality(n)对称性symmetry交换律commutativity可逆性rever

19、sibility结换律associativity单调性monotonicity分配律distributivity周期性periodicity(10-7) Sets and Logic 集合与逻辑集合set; aggregate联集union元素element补集complement子集subset充分条件sufficient condition空集void必要条件necessary condition交集intersection充分且必要if and only if(10-8) Geometry (I) 几何 (一)几何geometry顶点vertex点point边side线line直角边le

20、g面plane斜边hypotenuse体solid底base平行parallel高height相交intersect三角形triangle垂直; 正交perpendicular; vertical; orthogonal 锐角三角形acute triangle角angle直角三角形right triangle角度degree钝角三角形obtuse triangle弧度radian不等边三角形scalene triangle锐角acute angle等边三角形equilateral triangle直角right angle等腰三角形isosceles triangle钝角obtuse angl

21、e四边形quadrilateral平角straight angle长length周角perigon宽width圆circle对角线diagonal圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE)平行四边形parallelogram半径radius矩形rectangle直径diameter正方形square圆周率pi菱形rhomb; rhombus; rhombi(pl.); diamond弧arc梯形trapezoid半圆semicircle直角梯形right trapezoid扇形sector; fan等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid环ring五边形pentagon椭圆el

22、lipse六边形hexagon圆周circumference七边形heptagon面积area八边形octagon周长perimeter九边形enneagon勾股定理Pythagorean theorem十边形decagon多边形polygon十一边形hendecagon正多边形equilateral polygon十二边形dodecagon(10-9) Geometry (II) 几何 (二)相似similar球sphere全等congruent半球hemisphere立方体cube圆锥cone多面体polyhedron圆柱cylinder三角锥pyramid圆台frustum of a c

23、one三角柱prism内切圆inscribed circle棱台frustum of a prism外切圆circum circle四面体tetrahedron空间space五面体pentahedron维dimension六面体hexahedronn维n-dimension平行六面体parallelepipedn度空间n-dimensional space七面体heptahedron三角trigonometry八面体octahedron正弦sine九面体enneahedron余弦cosine十面体decahedron正切tangent十一面体hendecahedron余切cotangent十二

24、面体dodecahedron正割secant二十面体icosahedron余割cosecant底面undersurface反正弦arc sine内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)反余弦arc cosine外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)反正切arc tangent旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)反余切arc cotangent垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)反正割arc secant重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)反余割arc cosec

25、ant体积volume投影projection表面积surface area旋转rotation(10-10) Geometry (III): Lines and Coordinates 几何 (三)： 线与坐标轨迹locus, loci(pl.)向量vector坐标系coordinate象限quadrant直角坐标系Cartesian coordinate system线段segment圆坐标系polar coordinate system直线straight line球坐标系spherical coordinate system曲线; 弧线curve轴axis射线radial坐标轴x-ax

26、is, y-axis, z-axis双曲线hyperbola横坐标x-coordinate抛物线parabola纵坐标y-coordinate渐近线asymptote原点origin切线tangent (line)准线align 割线secant (line)交点intersection point垂线; 法线vertical line; normal; perpendicular line; 夹角included angle凹曲线concave方位角azimuth凸曲线convex(10-11) Probability and Statics 机率与统计机率; 或然率probability百

27、分比percent统计statistics百分点percentage平均数average百分位数percentile加权平均数weighted average排列permutation方差variance组合combination标准差standard deviation分布distribution比例proportion正态分布normal distribution相关性correlation非正态分布abnormal distribution期望值expected value信度reliability随机数random number效度validity(10-12) Other Impor

28、tant Vocabularies in Mathematics 其它数学上的重要字汇表格table矩阵matrix图figure行列式determinant影像image映射mapping流程图flowchart相位phase图表graph周期period条形统计图bar graph振幅amplitude柱形统计图histogram数列; 级数series折线统计图broken line graph等差级数arithmetic progression曲线统计图curve diagram等比级数geometric progression扇形统计图pie diagram黄金比例Golden ratio