专题06 名词性从句-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（讲）（含答案解析）.docx

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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第06讲名词性从句复习讲【核心素养分析】 语言知识：要求考生掌握并能运用英语语法基础知识。一、命题要求名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语 从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法； 一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。二、命题规律1 .重点考查宾语从句，其次是表语从句、主语从句最后是同位语从句，通常考查引导这些从句的引导词 的选择。2 .高考对名词性从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来

2、考查考生的实 际综合运用能力。三、命题形式名词性从句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空、短文改错中，写作范文中也常有名词性从句出现， 尤其是宾语从句。【基础知识精讲】知识点1.that引导的名词性从句(1) that引导主语从句 suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge wz/乙(主语 从右J)我 突然想到像茶文化这样的传统文化既有强大的魅力又有巨大的价值。As I searched the name Linda on the Internet, it became

3、 evident that thereYe two with the same name who look completely different.当我在网上搜索Linda这个名字的时候，很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。It is announced in today*s newspaper that Xi Jinping will pay a visit to Russia next week.今天报纸上宣称习近平下周要对俄罗斯进行访问。【温馨提示】连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主 语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中

4、有时可省略。考点总结1. that引导主语从句位于句首时，本身无意义，但是不可省略。2. that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：在疑问语气中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。3. what和that的运用（误）America was that was first called“India“ by Columbus.（lE）America was what was first called “India“ by Columbus.在名词性从句中，连接词that既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连接代词what则相反，它既充当 从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。另外

5、，我们可以把what解释为：the +名词+ that/which。4. whether和if的运用（误）If well hold the party has not been decided yet.（1E）Whether well hold the party has not been decided yet.whether适用于任何情况；if（作“是否”讲）仅限于动词宾语从句中，但discuss, decide等动词后的宾语从 句除外。5. 连接词的使用易受汉语干扰（误）The reason why I was late is because I was trapped in the t

6、raffic jam.（lE）The reason why I was late is that I was trapped in the traffic jam.通过提取简化可得出：The reason is because在英语中这显然造成了重复现象。It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.) + that 从句。It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a p

7、ity, no surprise, etc.) + that 从句。It+ be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.) + that 从 句。(2) that引导宾语从句 I do hope that you will have a bright future and that our friendship will last forever 2019-y$fiI (宾语从句)我真心希望你有一个光明的前途，并且我们的友谊长存。Tom is a nice boy, except th

8、at he is sometimes late for school.汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时上学迟到。I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现我们有必要花更多 时间练习英语口语。考点总结I.常见的可以接that (that可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think, make, consider等，可

9、以用it作 形式宾语。2 . that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in的宾语。3 .that引导表语从句和同位语从句Firstly, this is precisely what the British visitors are expec切2g.(表语从句)2019江苏 首先，这恰恰是英国参观者所期待的。The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.(同位 语从句)经理提出了一条建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多工作要做。

10、考点总结1 .that引导表语从句时，一般不能省略。2 .that引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导作用，在从句中不充当成分，但 一般不能省略。典例| 2021 吉林省吉材1市高三第一次调研考试Li is not without criticism. Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable she looks

11、 so perfect after a long day of work in the fields.【答案】that【解析】考查主语从句。有些人表示怀疑，因为在野外工作了一天之后，她看起来如此完美，这令人难以 置信。此处是一个主语从句，it为形式主语，真正的主语为空格处引导的从句，从句不缺成分，且意义完整，故应用thato故填thato2021 八省 1 月联考Any seasoned language learner will tell you the beauty of mastering a foreignlanguage is the world which it opens up

12、to you.【答案】that【解析】考查宾语从句。任何一个经验丰富的语言学习者都会告诉你，掌握一门外语的美妙之处在于它为 你打开的世界。此处句子结构完整，that在此不作成分，没有意思，只起连接作用。故填that。3.1 still remember the story,believe it or not we got lost on a rainy night.（用适当的单词填空）【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：我仍然记得那个故事，信不信由你，我们在一个雨夜迷路了。we got lost on a rainy night是同位语从句，解释说明story。从句中不缺少成分，用t

13、hat引导同位语从句。故填that。4. （2020江苏南通市高三开学考试）Although a number of tombs have survived with little damage, the truth is all have suffered at least some harm from centuries of rain, war, fire and theft.（用适当的词填空）【答案】that【解析】考查表语从句连接词。句意：尽管有一些墓穴没有受到什么破坏，但事实是，这些墓穴都受到了 至少几个世纪以来的雨水、战争、火灾和盗窃的侵害。分析句子结构可知，the truth

14、is后连接一个表语从句， 从句中不缺少成分且句意也完整，因此表语从句用连接词that引导。故填that o【变式】（2021 银川市第六中学高三三模）There is much chance John will recover from his injury in time forthe race.A. thatB. whichC. ifD. until【答案】A【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：John很有可能在比赛前及时从伤病中康复。分析句子结构以及句意可知， 此空引导同位语从句，解释空前名词chance的内容，从句结构和句意完整，所以用只起连接作用，不充当 成分，没有意义的that引导，故选

15、A。1. My parents have always made it clear we shouldnt judge a book by its cover.【答案】that【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我的父母总是明确表示我们不应该以貌取人。分析句子结构可知，该句 中在为形式宾语，而真正的宾语为that引导的从句。注意：此处的that不能省略。根据句意，故填that。2. （2021天津南开区南开中学高三月考）It is obvious to the whole world the US has played dirty tricks to bully foreign companies

16、like Hua Wei and TikTok in order to either destroy them or take them over.A. asB. whichC. whetherD. that【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。句意：全世界都很清楚，美国用肮脏的伎俩欺负华为和抖音这样的外国公司，要 么摧毁它们，要么接管它们。分析句意，句中的it为形式主语、真正的主语为后面的从句“the US has played dirty tricks to bully foreign companies like Hua Wei and TikTok in order to either de

17、stroy them or take them over”。分析成分，从句部分不缺成分和翻译且为陈述句。所以从句应用引导词that引导。故选D项。3. （2021天津南开区南开中学高三二模）It is believed children should learn to be responsible from thevery beginning.A. whyB. thatC. howD. when【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型。句意：人们认为，孩子应该从一开始就学会负责任。这里使用了固定句型：It is believed that据相信其中it在这里是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句

18、。故选B。4. It has been proved eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life.【答案】that【解析】考查连接词。句意：已经证实，儿童时期食用蔬菜有助于保护你免受后期生活中重大疾病的侵扰。 分析句子可知，it是形式主语，而proved后面的从句才是该句的真正主语，即为主语从句，且从句语义和结 构都完整，故用连接词that,故填that。知识点2. whether/if（是否）引导的名词性从句It remains to be seen whe

19、ther the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。（主语从句，不可用if代替whether）I didnt know whether/if he would attend the concert.我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。（宾语从句，可用if代替whether）The question is whether it is worth trying.问题是值不值得试一试。（表语从句，不可用if代替whether）He asked her the question whet

20、her they can be friends.他问她一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。（同位语从句，不可用if代替whether）I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病危机。（介词后的宾语从句中，不可用if代替whether）考点总结1. whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether,不用if。与or或or not连用时只能用whether从句作介词宾语时只能用whether2.在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。

21、【典例】（2021 ,天津河东区高三二模）Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and itis rough or smooth.A. whoB. whetherC. bowD. what【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：大象有它们自己的方式来辨别物体的形状和是否粗糙或光滑。动词 tell后面接两个宾语，一个是宾语the shape of an object, 一个是宾语从句 it is rough or smooth,结合。r可知，此处表示“无论是.还是，所以用whetheror引导宾语从句。故选B项

22、。【变式】（2021 云南高三学业考试）I want to know it is worth doing.A. untilB. unlessC. whetherD. before【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道这是否值得做。根据句意和句子结构可知,it is worth doing为宾语从句，空格处单词引导的句子作know的宾语，从句中不缺成分，根据句意“是否”可知，应用 whether引导从句，意为“是否故选C项。知识点3.who, why, how, where, when等引导的名词性从句How we understand things has a lot to do wi

23、th what we feel.我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。（2）Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won*t accept it.李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。I dont know why it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting.我不知道到底为什么我们的校长缺席如此重要的会议。Some students even have

24、no idea of why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。考点总结1 . who, why, how, where, when等引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。2 .能接以上词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, imagine,

25、suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise 等。3 .以上词可引导介词的宾语从句。4 .以上词还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。【典例3】1J2021 北京市东城区高三上学期期末No one is sure built the structure. One of the most popular beliefsis that the Celts built it.【答案】who【解析】考查宾语从句。没有人确定是谁建造了这个结构。此处be sure （of）是固定句型，of后接宾语从 句，且从句中缺少人作主语，因

26、此使用连接词who引导宾语从句。故填who。2. （2021 天津高考真题）What puzzles Lilys friends is she always has so many crazy ideas.A. whetherB. whyC. whatD. when【答案】B【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B.why为什么；C.what什么，所.的事儿；D. when什么时间，.的时间。分析句子，该 空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本 句为wh

27、y引导的表语从句。故选B项。3.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing she was heading.（用单词适当形式填空）【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽着树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方。空处引导一个 宾语从句，结合语境可知此处是表地点的，引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故填where。【变式】Sometimes,we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serv

28、e him or her. 【答案】how【解析】考查主语从句。句意：有时我们如何表达对一个人的感激之情会体现在招待他或她的食物种类上。 分析句子可知，此处是主语从句连接词，从句we show our gratitude to a person成分完整，但缺少“如何”之 意，应用连接副词how,故填how。1. Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.【答案】when【解析】考查主语从句。句意：马铃薯何时传入欧洲还不确定，但可能是在1565年左右。分析

29、句子结构可 知，空处需用连接词引导主语从句，从句的句子成分完整，所以空处需用连接副词引导主语从句，根据后 文around 1565可知，空处需用when引导主语从句。故填when。2. At the end of the adventure, we had to choose to live in a cave. Thats we could shelter fromthe snowstorm.【答案】where【解析】考查表语从句。句意：在这段冒险经历的最后，我们不得不选择在一个山洞里住了下来。那儿是 我们躲避暴风雪的地方。we could shelter from the snowstor

30、m是表语从句；根据句意，应用where引导 表语从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。知识点4.what, whever引导的名词性从句2015安徽A ship in harbor is safe, but that*s not what ships are built for.在港口的船是安全的，但是那并不是船被建造的目的。Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.（主语从句）任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。We promise whoever attends the party a chance to ha

31、ve a photo taken with the movie star.（宾语从句） 我们承诺无论谁参加晚会，都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。2016北京Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.（让步状语从句） 你的支持对于我们的工作很重要，不管你做什么都能帮助我们。考点总结1. what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“的，在从句中用来作主语、宾语表语或定语。2. wh ever引导名词性从句时，其作用等同于其前面的连接词，意为任何”或“无论”，含有 强调的语气。【典例4】2021 浙江 1 月More

32、over, the meanings seem to not go beyond other animals convey with non-verbalcommunications.【答案】what【解析】考查宾语从句。止匕外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息。此处beyond 是介词，其后接的是宾语从句。这里what在宾语从句中作convey的宾语。故填what。212021，1 省 1 月 联考Heres you should think about before downloading an app for language learning.【答案】what【解

33、析】考查表语从句。这里是你在下载语言学习软件前应该思考的事情。此处what作about的宾语。故 填 whato【变式】（2021天津耀华中学高三二模）Jane is determined to live a fulfilling life regardless of the futureholds.A. thatB. whichC. howD. what【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：简决心过一种充实的生活，不管未来如何。宾语从句中缺少动词hold的 宾语，且是指东西，所以应用连接代词what。故选D。1. （2021 天津耀华滨海学校高三三模）is the most importa

34、nt in life is that we should always be confident about the future.A. WhoB. WhichC. ThatD. What【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。句意：生活中最重要的是我们总是要对未来充满信心。分析句子可知，空处引导 一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“最重要的事情。应用连接代词what引导。故选D项。【考点精析】考点1:名词性从句与语法填空在语法填空题中主要考查名词性从句中的连接词。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、 同位语从句，其连接词一般不可省略（宾语从句中的that可省略）。【典例】在空白处填入适

35、当的连接词1. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.【答案】what【解析】分析句子结构可知,所填词引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，故用whato2. Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.【答案】when【解析】所填词引导主语从句，并在从句中作状语，表示时间，故用wheno【变式】1 .Members

36、 leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.【答案】Whoever【解析】此处应用whoever引导主语从句,whoever在从句中作主语，意为“无论是谁”。2. The journey was intended to achieve more than Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.【答案】what【解析】引导

37、词在从句中作had done的宾语，故用whato应对策略1若含有两个主谓结构的句子之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那么空格处一定填连接词，若其中一个分句作另一个句子的成分，注意根据成分关系确定相应的复合从句，再根据从句中缺何成分确定连接词。考点2名词性从句与短文改错短文改错中对于名词性从句的考查主要涉及连接词使用不当，缺少连接词以及what与that、which混用 等。1. But sometimes were not aware what cheaply we can make this food ourselves.【答案】whathow【解析】句意：但是有的时候我们意识不到我们自己

38、可以使得这种食物多么地便宜。此处修饰cheaply。用副词howo2. The general rule is what mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people.【答案】whatthat【解析】句意：通常的规则是气候温暖的地区语言种类少，而说这些语言的人人数较多。that引导表语 从句，在从句中不作任何成分，而what作主语，宾语或者表语。本句不缺少成分，故将what改为that。【变式】1. The tour pal lost his way in the mountain; that mad

39、e things worse was that it began to rain.【答案】第一个thatwhat【解析】句意：这个驴友在山里迷路了，更糟糕的是开始下雨了。分析句子结构可知，本句包含两个 并列分句。而第二个分句的主语为what引导的主语从句，what在主语从句中作主语。2. Recently the students in our school have had a heated discussion on if people should keep pets at home in cities.【答案】if一whether【解析】if和whether都可以表示“是否”，但是介词

40、后面的宾语从句只能用whether引导，因此将if改 成 whethero应对策略2对于名词性从句中连接词的考查，注意首先判断两个单句之间是否有连接词，再根据不同的句式结构, 判断连接词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系判定是何从句，再根据连接词在句中作何成分，判断正误；(2)注意which与that, which与what, whether与if以及其他wh 连接词的用法区别。考点3书面表达中名词性从句易错点聚焦1.语序问题(误)These pictures show you what does our village look like.(lE)These pictures show you what our village looks like.此处宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序。(误)Do you think which of these is the most useful invention?(iE)Which of these do you think is the most useful invention?