新概念一语法知识点总结(30页).doc

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1、-新概念一语法知识点总结-第 30 页语法知识点包括一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时1.一般现在时表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。含有be动词的句子Heisateacher.Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Isheateacher?Isthegirlverybeautiful?AreTimandJackstudents?变否定句在be动词后面加notHeisnotateacher.Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.Timand

2、Jackarenotstudents.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.不含有be动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词Helikesbooks.Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型Doeshelikebooks?Doesshelikehim?Doesthedoglikebones?变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesnt,动词变为原型，原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。Hedoesntlikebooks

3、.Shedoesntlikehim.Thedogdoesntlikebones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesnt.Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesntYes,itdoes.No,itdoesnt.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.变疑问句在句首加doDoyouwanttohaveabath?Dowehaveanymeat?Dothestudent

4、slikesmartteachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加dont.Youdontwanttohaveabath.Wedonthaveanymeat.Thestudentsdontlikesmartteachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ido.No,Idont.Yes,wedo.No,wedontYes,theydo.No,theydont.2.现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分(现在分词的构成见附录)Wearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.The

5、boysareswimmingacrosstheriver.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Arewehavinglunch?Ishereadingabook?Isthedogrunningafteracat?Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?变否定句在be动词后面加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词

6、Whatareyoudoing?Whatisshedoing?Whatisthedogdoing?没有进行时的动词(必背)表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1.表示感觉，感官的词see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时新概念英语第一册知识点之一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件， 常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有be动词的句子， 将动词变为过去式，am, is的过去式为was，are的过去式为

7、wereI was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?变否定句在be动词后面加notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teache

8、r was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑问句：What did you do?(必背)不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year a

9、go.变疑问句在句首加did， 动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?变否定句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I

10、did. No, I didnt.Yes, he did. No, he didnt.Yes, they did. No, they did not.3.现在完成时：现在完成时构成：主语+助动词have,has+过去分词用法：1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用Ihavejusthadlunch.(饱了，不用再吃了)Hehashadacupoftea.(不渴了，不用再喝)Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.(不能再度假了)Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.(已经知道书的内

11、容了，不用再看了)2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?HaveyoubeentoBeijing?Haveheseenthefilm?3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.4)表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过事情，经历过事情Ihaveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeen

12、to表示去过，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.(人已经回来)HehasgonetoLondon.(人还在那里)5)表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.特殊疑问句：Whathaveyoudone?Whathashedon

13、e?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：IveleftBeijingfor3days.对：IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.一般将来时:一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehourstime,etc.结构：主语+助动词will+动词原形IwillgotoAmericatomor

14、row.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?变否定句在助动词后面加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthene

15、xt.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.特殊疑问句：Whatwillyoudo?4.过去完成时：用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构：had+过去分词Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.Thetrai

16、nhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。1、变疑问句将助动词移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework?2、变否定句在助动词后面加notShehadntfinishedherhomework.3、肯定回答及否定回答Yes,shehad.No,shehadnt.4、特殊疑问句：Whathadshedone?5.过去进行时：过去完成时表示过去正在进行的动作，经常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。结构：was/were+doingWhenmyhus

17、bandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.6.过去将来时：过去将来时的结构：would doShe said she would go here the next morning.两个 特殊句型：there be 句型，be going to 结构1) Be going to 结构表示打算，准备，计划做某事结构：主语+be动词+going to +动词原型I am going to make a bookc

18、ase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?变否定句在be动词后面加notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The fa

19、ther is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑问句What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?(必背)2) There be 句型表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)There is+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)Ther

20、e is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?变否定句在动词后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.

21、肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句1)一般疑问句：助动词/be动词+主语Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?2)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatisyourname?3)选择疑问句：orDoyouwantbeeforlamb?4)反意疑问句：肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分Youdontneedthatpen,doyou?5)否定疑

22、问句：一般疑问句+否定词Arentyoulucky?Dontyouwanthavearest?知识点限定词：some,any,many,muchsome,any修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用somemany修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.Ihavealotofmoney.Idonthavemuchmoney.名词：种类，复数，名词所有格 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词1)不可数名词无法分开的东西：water,te

23、a,bread,milk,rice(米)抽象的东西：love,beauty,coldness(寒冷)不可数名词有以下特点：不能用a,an修饰不能加s和单数be动词或动词搭配2)可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化：规则变化的名词复数形式规则1一般情况+se.g.shellshellsbookbooks规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.foxfoxeschurchchurches,busbuses,watchwatches规则3以o结尾+s或+ese.g.potatopotatoes,NegroNegroes,heroheroes,

24、tomatotomatoes，(口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿)，剩下一般加s,radioradios规则4以f,fe结尾的，变f,fe为vese.g.lifeliveshalfhalves,shelfshelves,citycities,wifewives规则5以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ese.g.skyskiesflyflies不规则变化的名词复数形式man(men)woman(women)foot(feet)goose(geese)tooth(teeth)0child(children)sheep(sheep)deer(deer)mouse(mice)fish(fish)副词：用法及

25、形容词变副词的变化副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：Thebookisverygood.Herunsfast.Shecameherequiteearly.CertainlyIwillgowithyou.副词变化形式：直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变I,加-ly,happy-happily,lucky-luckily有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化fast,hard,late有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远：neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately情

26、态动词的使用：can,must,may,might,need情态动词can(能够)，must(必须)，may(可以)结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型Hecanmakethetea.Sallycanairtheroom.WecanspeakEnglish.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Canhemakethetea?CanSallyairtheroom?CanwespeakEnglish?变否定句在情态动词后面加notHecannotmakethetea.Sallycannotairtheroom.WecannotspeakEnglish.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,hecan.No,h

27、ecannot.Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.特殊疑问句：Whatcanyoudo?(必背)注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。1)Must/haveto的区别must表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，haveto是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而havetodo可以用在任何时态2)must,may,might表示猜测：mustdo表示对现在事实的猜测musthavedone表示对过去事实的猜测musthavebeendoing表示对过去正在进行的事实的

28、猜测may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。cant/couldnt表示不可能need 用法：need表示“需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式：I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I dont.I need to have a rest.Need doing=need to be done，表示被动The flowers need watering.Need在否定时做情态动词使用：You neednt go so early. =You dont need to g

29、o so early.Must I clean the desk right now? No, you neednt.不定代词及不定副词：Someanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryonewheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywherebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody1)Ilookedformybookeverywhere,butIcantfinditanywhere.2)Ifyouwantgosomewhe

30、re,ifyouwanttobesomeone,youmustwakeup.3)Help!Somebody?Anybody?4)Youarereallysomething.5)Sinceeverybodyishere,letsbeginourclass.6)Wheredidyougo?Iwentnowhere.7)Nobodyisathome.8)Ihavenothingleft.感叹句：1)What+名词+主语+谓语Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!2)How+形容词+主语+谓语Howbeautifulthegirlis!祈使句：第二人称：let+其他人称代词祈使句的否定，加d

31、ont反意疑问祈使句(第二人称)祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调。肯定句动词原型例，Comehere,please.Godownstairs,please.Standup.Sitdown.Bequiet.Becareful.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾Comein,Amy.Sitdownhere,Tom.Mary,givemeabookplease.否定：Dont+动词原型Dontcomehere.Dontsitdown.Dontstandup.Dontgivemeit.letsb.doLetme

32、pass.Letushavearest.Letshavearest.(反意疑问)：Letshaveawalkalongtheriver,shallwe?Letusgooutforadrink,willyou?倒装句：so/neither的倒装eg.Hecanswim.SocanI.Ididntgotoclass.NeitherdidI.结构：so/neither+be+主语so/neither+助动词+主语so/neither+情态动词+主语一般现在时，do,does/am,is,are现在进行时，am,is,are一般过去时，did现在完成时，have,has一般将来时，will,shall

33、,过去进行时，was,were过去完成时，had过去将来时，would直接引语/间接引语:如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词1)时态变化：一般现在时-一般过去时现在进行时-过去进行时一般过去时-过去完成时现在完成时-过去完成时一般将来时-过去将来时begoingto-was/weregoingto/wouldcan-couldmay-might2)时间地点及指示词的变化：here-there,tomorrow-thenextday,thefollowingday,this-that3)人称变化：根据句意改变人称4)直接宾语/间接宾语主语+及物

34、动词+间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。Hegivesmeabook.me间接宾语，abook直接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语Givemeabook.Givethebooktome.Sendhisaletter.Sendalettertohim.Showhimthenewdress.Showthenewdresstohim.动词：1)代词及be动词,第一人称第二人称第三人称主格I

35、weyouyoushe/he/itthey宾格meusyouyouher/him/itthem代词所有格myouryouryourher/his/itstheir名词性代词mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirsbe动词现在时Amareareareisarebe动词过去时waswerewerewerewaswere2)名词的复数规则变化的名词复数形式规则1一般情况+se.g.shellshellstoytoys规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.foxfoxeschurchchurches规则3以o结尾s或+ese.g.radioradiospotato

36、potatoes规则4以f,fe结尾的，变f,fe为vese.g.lifeliveshalfhalves规则5以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ese.g.skyskiesstudystudies3)动词的第三人称单数形式规则1一般情况+se.g.like-likes,look-looks规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.do-does,catch-catches规则5以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ese.g.carry-carries,fly-flies4)动词现在分词规则一一般动词加-inge.g.look-looking,read-reading,play-playing规则二以不

37、发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-inge.g.make-making,take-taking,arrive-arriving规则三重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-inge.g.run-running,sit-sitting,get-getting,swim-swimming,stop-stopping5)动词过去式规则动词变化规则一一般动词加-ede.g.look-looked,watch-watched,play-played规则二以e结尾的加-de.g.make-maked,arrive-arrived规则三以辅音字母加结尾的变y为i加-

38、edcry-cried,carry-carried规则四重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-edstop-stopped,过去式的读音在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/e.g.walked,jumped在浊辅音和元音后读/d/e.g.washed,watched在/t/，/d/后读/id/e.g.waited,hatedpage6)形容词和副词的比较级比较级规则一一般加-ere.g.high-higher规则二以结尾加-rnice-nicer规则三以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-erbusy-busier,规则四重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-erfat-fatter,形容词和副词的最高级最高级规则一一般加-este.g.high-highest规则二以结尾加-stnice-nicet规则三以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-estbusy-busiest规则四重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-estfat-fattest7)常见缩写：is=sIam=Imare=reisnot=isnt/iznt/arenot=arent/a:nt/donot=dontdoesnot=doesntwas=sdidnot=didntcannot=canthave=vehas=shavenot=haventhasno