小学五年级英语语法总结(10页).doc

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1、-小学五年级英语语法总结-第 10 页一、词语1、名词这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is名词复数如何加后缀：各种不同情况变化方法例词一般情况直接加-sbook-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch结尾加-esbus-buses box-boxes brush-brusheswatch-watches peachpeaches glass-glasses以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i, 再加-esfamily-families study-studies以“f或fe”结尾变f或fe为v，再加-esknife-knives不规

2、则名词复数man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice foot-feet child-children fish-fish Chinese-Chinese2、人称代词和物主代词人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性形容词性第一人称I（我）mewe（我们）usmy（我的）our（我们的）第二人称you（你）youyou（你们）youyour（你的）your（你们的）第三人称he（他）himthey（他/她/它们）themhis（他的）their（他/她/它们的）she（她）

3、herher（她的）it（它）itit（它的）3.Be动词用法be动词（am、is、are）+not、情态动词can+ not、助动词（do、does） + not如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+ not。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not。3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用do、does，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，（3）在助动词后加not。（

4、4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。二、句子1.一般疑问句如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句：（1）看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。（2）看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。（3）如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用do还是does，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does（3）把助动词后提到句首。（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。2.特殊疑问句表

5、示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词：疑问词意思用法What time什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟Who谁问人Whose谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点What什么问东西、事物What colour什么颜色问颜色How old多大年纪问年纪How many多少数量（可数名词）问数量How much多少钱；多少数量（不可数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）三、时态1.一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time

6、, etc. 表示将来的词联用。结构：主语+助动词will+动词原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house t

7、omorrow morning?变否定句在助动词后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. / No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. / No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. / No, he will not.特殊疑问句What wil

8、l you do?2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否定句在be动词后面加 n

9、otWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?没有进行时的动词(必背)表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1. 表示感觉，感官的词see, hear,

10、like, love, want,2. have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时3.一般过去式表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am, is的过去式为was，are的过去式为wereI was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Were yo

11、u at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?变否定句在be动词后面加notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was.

12、No, he/she was not.特殊疑问句：What did you do?(必背)不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year

13、 ago?变否定句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Yes, he did. No, he didnt.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4.现在完成时（1）表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, sinc

14、e等时间副词连用I have just had lunch. (饱了，不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)The boy has already read the book. (已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了)（2）询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?（3）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have l

15、ived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.（4）表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过事情，经历过事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已经回来)He has gone to London.(人还在那里)（5）

16、表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑问句：What have you done?What has he done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子

17、为过去时注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.5.过去完成时用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的那个动作要用过去完成时。结构：had+过去分词After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。1.变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework?2. 变否定句在助动词后面加notShe hadnt finished her homework.3. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadnt.4.特殊疑问句：What had she done?