讲与练14 细节理解题攻略(含答案解析)---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(通用版).docx

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1、2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）14细节理解题攻略【高频考点回顾】【题型解读】1 .命题要求：对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解；占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要 的得分点。2 .设题角度：根据文章中的具体信息，如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问。3 .解题思路：有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案；有些需要在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找 到答案，比方计算、排序、图形比拟等。4 .解题方法：细节理解题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将 相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、比照，有依据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。【正确选项特征】.同

2、义替换：对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换；1 .语言简化：把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化；.正话反说：把原文中的意思反过来表达。【干扰选项特征】.扩缩范围：与文章细节局部吻合，局部相悖；1 .无中生有：明显与文章内容不符或没有提及；.偷梁换柱：符合常识，但不是文章内容；2 .张冠李戴：是文章细节，但不符合题干要求或不是要点；.正误参半：局部正确，局部错误。【解答技巧】技巧1直接信息题：”一定、二找、三比拟”扫描题干，定位关键词，如人物、一S地点、时间等一 7E 用略读与查读技巧找到与关键词广二相关的信息句一找比拟选项与原文相应信息，直接锁定正确选项二比拟C. Its educational b

3、enefits.D. Its customs and roots.10. According to this article, what do the participants in prom mainly pay attention to?A. Their appearance.B. Their possessions.C. Their transportation.D. Their supervisors.11. What were people supposed to learn from prom at one time?A. What marketing plan to use.B.

4、 How to behave around others.C. Which food was best to eat.D. When to earn a great degree.12. According to this article ,where was a special event held more than four decades ago?A. In an official residence.B. In an international court.C. In a motion picture studio.D. In a modern gallery.【答案】DAB A【解

5、析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述毕业舞会的文化和起源。9 .主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Its an important aspect of American school culture because its the last high-school dance seniors will ever attend/9 （这是美国学校文化的一个重要方面，因为这是高年级学生最后 一次参加高中舞会。）第二段“Prom entails （牵涉）countless traditions. 9,（舞会需要无数的传统。）和第三段“The history of prom can be traced back

6、 to the last half of the 1800s.”（毕业舞会的历史可以追溯到 19 世纪后半叶。） 可知这篇文章主要讲述了舞会的文化和起源，应选D。10 .细节理解题。根据第二段“First a guy must ask a girl to go to prom with him. Most guys choose to do special prom proposals in hopes of winning the girfs heart with their creativity. Then he will rent a tuxedo （燕尾月艮）,and the girl

7、 will often get their hair, nails and makeup done professionally. That night couples will take pictures, and then they will often take a limousine （豪华轿车）to dinner and to the dance.（首先，男生必须邀请女生和他一 起去毕业舞会。大多数男生会选择做一些特别的舞会求婚，希望用他们的创造力赢得女孩的心。然后他会租一件燕尾服，女孩会经常让专业人员做头发、指甲和化妆。那天晚上，情侣们会拍照，然后他们通常会 乘坐豪华轿车去吃饭和参

8、加舞会。）可知，参加舞会的人员都很注重外表，应选A。11 .细节理解题。根据第三段At that time, American universities and colleges organized dances each year for their graduating students. The purpose was not only to entertain the students but also to prepare them for the wider world by teaching them proper manners for men and women. （当时，美

9、国的大学和学院每年都为他们的毕业 生组织舞会。其目的不仅是为了使学生快乐，而且通过教导他们正确的礼仪，使他们为更广阔的世界做准 备。）可知当时的毕业生舞会为不仅是为了使学生快乐，还要教导他们正确的礼仪，也就是如何在他人面前 表现，应选B。12 .细节理解题。根据最后一段“Perhaps the most amazing prom took place in 1975, when Susan Ford, the daughter of the countrys president, received permission to hold her high schoofs prom at the

10、White House. So far, no other prom has managed to top that.（最令人惊叹的毕业舞会可能发生在1975年，当时美国总统的女儿 苏珊福特（Susan Ford）获准在白宫举办她的高中毕业舞会。到目前为止，还没有其他毕业舞会能超越这一水 平。）根据常识可知白宫是美国政府所在地，所以40多年前曾在官方府邸举行了一场特别的舞会，应选A。4In the magnificent range of mountains of northern California, 42 radio telescopes point towards the stars,

11、 scanning for signs of life. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence （SETI） Institute has been listening for a signal here since it was founded in 1984. Jill Tarter, its co - founder, says the programmed aim is not just to communicate with remote civilisations. It is also to remind human beings

12、 of its own modest, fragile （脆弱的） place in the universe. Thus, for the first time, SETI is cocking its ear towards Earth to look for a signal that can be sent into space to represent the species.Felipe Perez Santiago, a Mexican musician and composer, has an idea of what might work.Since songs, like

13、the human voices, are common to all languages and nations, he and Ms. Tarter have designed the “Earthling Project-a call to people everywhere to upload extracts （精华）of song that he plans to melt into a collective human chorus. An initial composition will be launched into space this summer, recorded

14、on a virtually indestructible disk. Future plans and dreams include an eventual landing on Mars.Human music has been sent to the heavens in 1977. Distant beings can in theory already enjoy Peruvian panpipes, a Navajo chant, Bach, Beethoven and more. But no previous offering, and perhaps no compositi

15、on undertaken anywhere, has tried to encompass the entire diversity of human song.Mr. Santiago says he is thrilled about bringing together contributors from around the globe. Unlike otherrecordings sent into space, says Mr. Santiago, “Everyones invited. You don*t have to be one of the main composers

16、 of our history like Beethoven, just someone singing in their shower. Download the Earthling Project app, sing up to three songs of 30 seconds each, and your voice will be sent into the sky.13. Why does SETI look for a signal to be sent into space?A. To stand for species on the earth.B. To scan for

17、other liveable planets.C. To respond to the call of the universe.D. To stress the importance of the earth.14. What can we infer about the Earthling Project?A. It is a world music organization.B. It intends to create a human chorus.C. It tries to develop a universal language.D. It aims to search for

18、signals from space.15. What does the underlined word encompass” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Include.B. Appreciate.C. Work out.D. Relate to.16. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. To inspire people to become composers.B. To call on people to protect our planet.C. To encourage people to explore sp

19、ace.D. To invite people to join a programme.【答案】ABAD【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。介绍了 Felipe Perez Santiago和Tarter女士设计了“地球计戈号召世界各 地的人们上传歌曲的片段，将这些歌曲融合成人类的集体合唱，代表地球上物种的声音被发送到太空。13 .细节理解题。根据首段最后一句“Thus, for the first time, SETI is cocking its ear towards Earth to look for a signal that can be sent into space to represe

20、nt the species.” （ SETI 首次向地球竖起耳朵，寻找可以送入太空的 代表物种的信号。）可知，SETI寻找信号发送到太空是为了代表地球上的物种的声音。应选A项。14 .推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Since songs, like the human voices, are common to all languages and nations, he and Ms. Tarter have designed the “Earthling Project-a call to people everywhere to upload extracts of song that h

21、e plans to melt into a collective human chorus.（因为歌曲，就像人类的声音，对所有语言和国家来说都是共通的，他和塔特女士设计了“地球计划”一号召世界各地的人们上传歌曲的片段，他计划将这些 歌曲融合成人类的集体合唱。）可知，地球计划打算创造一个人类的合唱。应选B项。15 .词义猜想题。根据第三段第二句Distant beings can in theory already enjoy Peruvian panpipes, a Navajo chant, Bach, Beethoven and more. （遥远的生物理论上已经可以欣赏秘鲁的排箫、纳瓦

22、霍的圣歌、巴赫、贝 多芬等。）可知，被送到太空的音乐类型很多。再根据划线词所在句的But,可以判断之前的作品没能包含 人类歌曲的多样性，故由此可知划线词词义为“包含”，选A项。16 .推理判断题。根据尾段最后一句Download the Earthling Project app, sing up to three songs of 30 seconds each, and your voice will be sent into the sky79 （下载地球计划”应用程序,唱三首歌,每首歌30秒,你的声 音就会被发送到太空中。）可知，本段的目的是邀请读者参加地球计划。应选D项。5Futur

23、e City CompetitionFuture City starts with a question-how can we make the world a better place? To answer it, 10th, 11th, and 12th grade students imagine, research, design, and build cities of the future that showcase their solution to a citywide sustainability issue. Past topics include Urban Agricu

24、lture, Public spaces, and Green energy while the topic of this year is Living on the Moon. Teams will design a futuristic lunar city and provide examples of how the city uses Moon resources to keep its residents safe and healthy.Participants complete five deliverables: a 1,500-word city essay: a sca

25、le model; a project plan; a presentation video; and a virtual/online Q&A session with /judges. Regional winners represent their region at the international Finals. After completing Future City, student participants are not only prepared to be citizens of todays complex and technical world, but also

26、ready to become the drivers of tomorrow.What you can learnThis flexible, cross-curricular（跨课程的）educational program gives students an opportunity to do the things that engineers do-identify problems: brainstorm ideas; design solutions; test, retest and build; and share their results. With this at its

27、 center, Future City is an engaging way to build students9 21st century skills. Students participating in Future City also learn how their communities work and become better citizens and develop strong time management and project management skills.What you needFuture City costs just $25 per organiza

28、tionand you can register I team or 100. The price always stays thesame.We keep the price affordable so everyone can participate. Not only that, we limit the budget for materials for the City Model and City Presentation to $100 and encourage teams to use recycled materials. You dont need expensive eq

29、uipment to excel. Creativity, hard work, and commitment are all you need to get ahead.Please note: Some regions limit the number of teams an organization can bring to the Regional Competition. Please check with your Regional Coordinator to find out the guidelines in your region.17. In Future City Co

30、mpetition 2021, students need to.A. complete more than five taskesdesign a city with green energyB. address problems on the moonmake use of lunar resources18. What lies at the core of Future City Competition?A. Designing cities.B. Identifying problems.C. Training better citizensEngineering design pr

31、ocess19. If you want to succeed in the competition, you need.A. to be creative and devoted.B. to use the recycled materials.C. to buy some expensive equipment.D. to ask more people to join in your team.【答案】DDA【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“未来城市竞赛”这一活动的相关内容和参加这一工程需要注意的事项。17 .细节理解题。根据第一段Teams will design a futuris

32、tic lunar city and provide examples of how the city uses Moon resources to keep its residents safe and healthy.（团队将设一个未来的月球城市，并提供城市如何使用 月球资源，以保持其居民的平安和健康的例子。）“可知，在2021年未来城市竞赛中，学生需要利用到月球 资源。应选D项。18 .细节理解题。根据 What you can learn 局部的This flexible, cross-curricular（跨课程的）educational program gives students

33、 an opportunity to do the things that engineers do-identify problems: brainstorm ideas; design solutions; test, retest and build; and share their results. With this at its center, Future City is an engaging way to build students，21st century skills.（这种灵活的、跨课程的教育计划让学生有机会做工程师所做的事情发 现问题：头脑风暴；设计解决方案；测试、

34、再测试和构建；并提供他们的成果。以这为中心，未来城市是 培养学生21世纪技能的一种引人入胜的方式。）”可知，未来城市竞赛的核心是工程设计过程。应选D项。 19.细节理解题。根据 What you need 局部的第二段“Creativity, hard work, and commitment are all you need to get ahead.（创造力、努力工作和承诺是你获得成功所需要的一切。）”可知，如果想要在竞赛中获得成功， 就需要富有创造力并且努力投入工作。应选A项。6Sora observed in amazement as Weilun picked up two larg

35、e metal cans. She followed Weilun with a pail （桶） of clothes, watching him carry the two cans effortlessly. They were large and were covering Weiluns small frame.Soras father had sent her to the village to learn about rural life. Sora had never once done any household chores back home. She did not u

36、nderstand why her father would always chant “Where is your willingness to learn?” whenever she asked him if she could stay home for the holidays. Her father had given her a checklist on the life skills that she needed to learn, one of which was to wash clothes. She recalled washing a table cloth aft

37、er an art lesson in school. That was a piece of cake, she thought. So Sora refused Weilun offer to help. Weilun then went to fill the large cans with water at the far end of the river.Suddenly, a big bird dived from the sky when Sora placed the last piece of clothing back in the pail. Sora released

38、her grasp of the pail in shock. Then she was relaxed to find it was aiming for a worm near her. But the clothes were drifting in the river. Weilun immediately came to help and Sora shifted the blame to the bird.He pointed at the detergent foam （洗涤剂泡沫）on the surface of the river. Don、tell me you rins

39、ed （漂洗） the detergent from the clothes in the river. Dont you know that it may kill the river creatures? You caused the problem, not the bird!” Sora looked down in shame. uYou think that you know everything, but you actually dont.Sora closed her eyes to let Weilun words sink in for a moment. She fin

40、ally understood the meaning behind her father chants. She walked towards Weilun and whispered, “Could you teach me all the life skills that my father had planned for me to learn?” 20. Why was Sora amazed?A. Weilun was too small in size for the two large cans.B. Weilun was willing to help his parents

41、 do some chores.C. Weilun managed to carry the two large cans easily.D. Weilun was willing to accompany her to the riverside.21. Why did Sora refuse Weihms offer to help wash the clothes?A. She thought it was an easy task.B. She had learned how to do it.C. She wanted her father to be proud of her.D.

42、 She wanted to learn new things by herself.22. What happened when Sora found the bird flew towards her?A. The bird was diving for food.B. The bird was attacking her.C. Sora was rinsing the detergent in the pail.D. Sora was shocked to find a worm in the pail.23. What do you think Sora finally underst

43、ood?A. She wasnt capable of living on her own.B. She really lacked the willingness to learn.C. Life skills could be learned in the country.D. Her father wanted her to learn from Weilun.【答案】AACA【解析】这是一篇记叙文。Sora的父亲让她去农村了解乡村生活，Sora从未做过家务，她也不明白父亲让 她学什么。通过与Weilun的相处，她明白了自己缺乏独立生活的能力。20 .细节理解题。根据第段第句和第三句So

44、ra observed in amazement as Weilun picked up two large metal cans. They were large and were covering Weilun small frame.（Sora 惊讶地看着 Weilun 拿起两个大铁罐。它 们很大，盖住了 Weilun小小的身躯。）可知，Weilun的身体对这两个大铁罐来说太小了，所以Sora很惊奇。 应选Ao.细节理解题。根据第二段倒第三句和倒第二句That was a piece of cake, she thought. So Sora refused Weilun、offer t

45、o help.（那是小菜一碟，她想。所以Sora拒绝了 Weilun的帮助。）可知，因为Sora觉得这很 简单，所以她拒绝了 Weihm的帮助。应选A。21 .推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Suddenly, a big bird dived from the sky when Sora placed the last piece of clothing back in the pail.（当Sora把最后一件衣服放回桶里时，突然，一只大鸟从天上飞了下来。）和第四 段第二句Dont tell me you rinsed （漂洗）the detergent from the clothes in

46、the river. ”（别告诉我你在河里把衣服上的洗涤剂洗掉了。）可知，当Sora发现一只鸟飞向她时，她正在漂洗桶里的洗涤剂。应选C。22 .推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Could you teach me all the life skills that my father had planned for me to learn?”（你能教我所有我父亲计划让我学习的生活技能吗？）可知，Sora终于明白了她无法独立生活。 应选Ao7Independent living at home is the ideal for every aging person. But a fall or o

47、ther health-threatening incidents can change everything rapidly.The wearable “panic buttons introduced in the late 1980s were a great advance. But they only work if people actually wear them and can reach the button in an emergency. Today there are passive wearables that automatically detect falls,

48、and camera-based systems to monitor elder safety.Coming from a 40-year career in the semiconductor and wireless communication field, Rafi Zack decided to find a better alternative. People arent devoted to wearing small devices 24/7, and camera-based systems are an invasion （侵力E） of privacy,“ he points out, The most challenging aspect is a fall. How fast we can detect a fall matters because the medical situation worsens quickly. Sometimes people stay on the floor for a long time. We have to find out how to solve that problem.Zack is a co-founder, CEO and v