专题17 介词和介词短语 -第17讲 -介词和介词短语---2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（练）（含答案解析）.docx

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1、第17讲-介词和介词短语（练）时间：50分钟满分：50分姓名 得数I .单句语法填空（每个1分，共25分）.【2021 浙江 1 月高考The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI （Body Mass Index 体 重指数）increased 2. 1 in women and men.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了 2.1。increase by 表示“增加了“； increase to表示“增加到根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）

2、可知，increase by符合语 境，故填by。1 .【2021 八省 1 月联考】Like many other students, you may have various people, （include） family members and friends, giving input on your college decision.【答案】including【解析】考查介词。像许多其他学生一样，你可能会有各种各样的人，包括家庭成员和朋友，为你的大学 决定提供意见。结合句意表示“包含 在内”，后跟名词family members and friends作宾语，应用介词 includ

3、ingo 故填 includingo. 2019上海卷And of course man has also had a negative impact using engine-powered fishing boatsnear the turtles nesting grounds.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。而且海龟巢穴附近，有动力的捕鱼船也带来了负面影响。可知，此处只表达一种方式， 表示“通过”。用介词by。故填by。2 . 12019上）每卷Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in

4、schools in favour typing courses.【答案】Of【解析】考查介词短语辨析。像芬兰这样的国家已经放弃了学校里的连体书写课程，取而代之的是打字课 程。此处in favour of是固定短语，意为：支持，赞成。故填of。3 .【江苏省苏州市八校联盟2021届高三第二次适应性检测】But from Jan 1,2021, China will make a sweeping ban 63 , all imports of solid waste.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意：但从2021年1月1日起，中国将全面禁止所有固体废物的进口。make a ban on.is

5、 not clear.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。thekey/answerto这是固定搭配，“.的答案是二 故填tOo.【2019北京卷语法填空】First celebrated 51970, the Day now includes events in more than 190countries and regions（土也区）.【答案】in【解析】in 考查介词的用法，年份前面应该加介词in。11 .【2018全国 HI】I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas Id been obse

6、rving. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.【答案】for【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找、表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地 大猩猩。12 . 【2018浙江】 If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home 65 dinner, get a few cooking tips from

7、her.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for,故填for。13 .2017全国卷 I There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）61.a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such

8、 as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【答案】as【解析】考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。14 .2017全国卷 II In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to

9、avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.work.【答案】from【解析】考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班（to and from work）。对发出禁令，固定搭配。故填。n。6.【江苏省连云港市2021届高三1月适应性演练模拟 lit was a pile of special wood burning in an iron grate thatsat in a box of sand on a platform car, which was pushed ahead43. the t

10、rain. The illuminator did not cast much light, but it warned of an approaching train.【答案】Of【解析】考查介词。句意：那是一堆特殊的木头，在一个铁格栅里燃烧着，铁格栅放在站台车厢的一箱沙 子里，被推到火车前面。结合句意表示“推到前面”短语为push ahead of。故填。f。7 .【江苏省 2020-2021 学年百校联考高三第二次考试The Guardian gave us the bad news that red and processed meat can shorten life. But Th

11、e Daily Telegraph provided the good news that exchanging one portion （部分）of red meat a day 56, fish or nuts could cut the risk of early death by almost a fifth.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：但每日电讯报提供了一个好消息，每天用一份红肉代替鱼或坚果可以将早 死的风险降低近五分之一。exchangefor.是固定搭配，意为“交换”。故填for。8 .【江苏省南京29中、南菁中学等四校2021届高三12月联考The expressio

12、n a blue moon” has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month. A second full moon is called a blue moon not because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue （色彩）61. the first full moon of the month. Instead, it is called a blue moon because it is so rare.【答

13、案】from【解析】考查介词。句意：第二次满月被称为“蓝月亮”，并不是因为它特别蓝，或者与这个月的第一次满月 有任何不同的色调。根据句意以及is different可知此处使用的是固定短语“be different from”表示“与 不 同”,故填fromo.【江苏省南京市六校联合体2021届高三上学期11月联考60.the benefits of taking a g叩year, some students worry they cant afford it. A student, Tom, told the BBC that to him, a gap year was an alien

14、 concept5. He said it would have been far too expensive and its not something that I would have been able to rely on my parents or family members fbr. But some experts say that it neednt burn a hole in your pocket; you dont need to travel far and you can even earn money by doing paid work.【答案】despit

15、e【解析 1考查介词。句意：尽管休空档年有其好处，一些学生担心他们负担不起。结合句意表示“尽管”应用 介词despite,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Despite。9 .【江苏省如皋如东丹阳三校2021届高三12月联考】But thousands of tourists5 feet could damage the stones and the changed air could affect the paintings. The Chinese government has worked with UNESCO to agree 61 . a plan to protect the cave

16、s. Regretfully , around the world, especially in countries where there is fighting or great poverty , many wonderful sites are still endangered.【答案】on【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：中国政府已经与联合国教科文组织达成了一项保护洞穴的计划。固定搭配 agree on sth.（就某事达成一致）。故填on。10 .【江苏省泰州市 2021 届高三上学期期末】The Ant Forest initiative was launched by the Ali

17、pay app in 2016. 36. about 200 million trees planted on 182,700 hectares of land, it has helped to efficiently avoid almost 7.9 million tons of carbon emissions.【答案】With【解析】考查介词。句意：由于大约200, 000, 000棵树被种植在182,7000公顷的地上，它有效地帮助避 免了几乎790万吨的炭排放。分析句子结构可知，此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，在句中作原因状语， 故填Witho.【江苏省天一中学、南京师

18、范大学附属中学、海安中学2021届高三12月联考】The best way to support Chinese companies is to speak out42, those US politicians. Boycotting US brands such as Apple is not at all advisable.【答案】against【解析】考查介词。句意：支持中国企业的最好方式是公开反对那些美国政客。结合句意表示“公开反对” 可知短语为 speak out againsto 故填 againsto.【江苏省扬州市2020-2021学年高三上学期期末考试适应性练习】She

19、said, “I knew a student in a previous school who used to go out and swing in a park between lessons. Currently, what we are doing is bringing the swing into the school to help build a culture. This leads to better results 61. students in terms of both their wellbeing and academic achievement.【答案】for

20、【解析】考查介词。句意：这将为学生带来更好的结果，无论是在他们的幸福和学术成就方面。表示“为了“ 应用介词for。表示为学生带来更好的结果。故填for。11 .【江苏省苏州中学 2021 届高三上学期调研】Stephen Hawking, who is the most famous physicist, was bom in Britain on January 8th, 1942. As a child, he was enthusiastic about designing complicated toys but unfortunately, in his twenties, he s

21、uffered 43 . a disease that was impossible to be cured, which was a great challenge for him.【答案】from【解析】考查介词。句意：小时候，他热衷于设计复杂的玩具，但不幸的是，在他20多岁的时候，他患了 一种无法治愈的疾病，这对他来说是一个巨大的挑战。suffer from表示遭受，是固定短语，故填from。12 . 2020 届北京市东城区高三二模】As a child growing up L_ England, James Reynolds was always excited by thunde

22、rstorms. Now, he runs straight towards them as a “storm chaser”. Specialising in hurricanes and volcanoes,Reynolds travels the world to shoot pictures of Earth9s most extreme weather events.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意:作为一个在英国长大的孩子，James Reynolds总是因雷声感到激动。空后England 是地点名词,意为“英国”,所以此处指“在”英国,应填介词同。故填点。13 .【2020届北

23、京市东城区高三下学期阶段性检测】Sometimes I think adults dont stop to see things 4 a childs eyes. He could have blamed me. Instead, he lifted my little soul.【答案】through【解析】考查介词。句意：有时，我觉得成年人应该通过孩子的目光去看待事物。结合句意，后面的短语“a childs eyes”是用来说明“see things”的方式，即“通过孩子的双眼看待事物故填througho.【2020 届北京市房山区高三一模】The high-speed railway l

24、ine connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, went into operation on December 30th, 2019. Designed with 5G signals and wireless charging, the smart train G8811 departed from Beijing North Railway Station 5, 8:30 am to Zhangjiakou. The railway is 174 km

25、 long, with 10 stations along the line.【答案】at【解析】考查介词。句意：采用5G信号和无线充电设计，智能列车G8811于上午8点20分从北京北站出 发前往张家口。分析句子可知，此处表示列车从8点20出发，时间点前应用介词沉。故填at。14 . 2020 届北京市丰台区高三第二学期综合练习（二）】Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by chance or by means of good luck. Injury, illness, love, and lost moments of tru

26、e greatness all occur to test the limits of your soul. 8. these small tests, life would be like a straight flat road to nowhere.【答案】Without【解析】考查介词。句意：没有这些小的考验，生活就像一条没有尽头的笔直平坦的道路。根据句意，此 处表示“没有”，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Without。15 . 2020 届匕京市海淀区高三二模】3. the mountain-climbing, we couldnt have had enough time to sp

27、end together because my father was busy.【答案】Without【解析】考查介词。句意：没有爬山，我们不可能有足够的时间在一起，因为我的父亲很忙。根据句意以 及句子结构可知，空处填Without,本句为含蓄虚拟语气，有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式 出现，而是通过一些词或短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在,常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or, even, in case of, what if（如果将如何）等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句。故填Withouto. 2020 届北京市海淀区高三一模】T

28、hat may explain why more and more young people are choosing to keep pets 10. companionship. Apart from relieving loneliness, many scientific studies have shown that keeping a pet reduces stress and may even improve overall health.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。由语境可知，此处指“为了陪伴”，表目的，所以用介词for。故填for。16 . 2020 届北京市门头沟区高

29、三二模】Some of your favourite evening habits may have something to do with sleeping problems. For example, the light of your bright alarm clock can prevent you 62 falling asleep. You should make your room as dark as possible. Whafs more, its not good to exercise late at night. Fierce physical activitie

30、s raise your body temperature and are bad fbr a good nights sleep.【答案】from【解析】考查固定句型。句意：闹钟的亮光会阻止你入睡。阻止某人做某事，用固定句型prevent sb from doing stho 故填 fromo. 2020 届北京市昌平区高三二模】Instead, consider sharing it 2 people who havent read it, or giving it to your school library so that your classmates can take a look

31、.【答案】with【解析】考查固定短语。句意：相反，你可以考虑和没有看过它的人分享，或者把它送给学校图书馆，这 样你的同学就可以看一看。根据句意，是短语share sth. with sb. 和某人分享故填with。17 .【2020 届北京市朝阳区高三4 月测试Yusaku Maezawa, the first paying passenger on Space X，s maiden tourist voyage to the moon in 2023, tweeted a link on Sunday to a website where women can apply to be his

32、 companion 41 . the week-long space flight.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意：前泽友作是2023年SpaceX首次登月旅行的第一位付费乘客，上周日他在推特 上发布了一个链接，该链接指向一个网站，女性可以在网站上申请，成为他为期一周太空之旅的伴侣。根 据the week-long space fligh可知此处要用介词表示“在之上故填ono.2020 届北京市朝阳区六校高三 4 月联考】The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunit

33、v40, mental and physical exercise.【答案】考查介词。句意：这些动物被关在狭小的空间里，没有私人空间，几乎没有机会进行智力和体育 锻炼。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词，再结合句意可知，此处表示目的，意为“去为了.“，故填fOFo. 2020 届北京市大兴一模】Schools like these also tend to charge more 3. tuition （学费）and board.【答案】in / for【解析】考查介词。句意：这类学校的学费和伙食费往往也更高。表示“在/为的收费”用介词in/for。故 填 in / foroH.单项选择（每个1分,

34、共10分）（2021 天津市宁河区芦台第一中学高三其他模拟）Some experts think,genes, intelligence also depend on an adequate diet, a good education and a nice home environment.A. instead ofB. apart fromC. except forD. far from【答案】B【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：一些专家认为，除了基因，智力还取决于充足的饮食、良好的教育和 良好的家庭环境。A. instead of代替；B. apart from除了； C. except

35、for除了； D.far from远非。根据句意可 知，此处表示“除了，apart from既表示排除意义，又可以表示补充意义；except for侧重于排除在外，从整 体里减去。根据句意，表示“除了（还有），所以应该用apart from。故选B项。1. （2021 银川市第六中学高三三模）一I cant find your sister, where is she?一Shes gone away the weekend.A. inB. atC. forD. on【答案】C【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：我找不到你姐姐了，她去哪里了？ 她已经走了，去度周末了。 A.in在里；B.at向,朝;

36、C.for为了;D.on在上。根据 Shes gone away”可知，她已经走了，去度周末 了 o for the weekend “去度周末”。故选C项。2. （2021 天津高三二模）After a day of activities, you should be a good meal.A , in the mood for B. at the point of C. on the edge of D. with the help of【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：经过一天的活动，你应该有心情吃顿好饭。A. in the mood for有情绪去 做；B. at the p

37、oint of正要；C. on the edge of在边缘；D. with the help of在的帮助下。前文说一天活动之 后，所以是有心情吃饭，A项符合句意，故选A项。3. （2021 天津高三二模） Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree they can becontrolled.A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which【答案】C【解析】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：人类和动物面部表情的不同之处，在于某程度上人类面部表情可以受

38、到控制。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the degree,关系代词which在 句中指代先行词degree（程度），表示“某种程度应为t。some degree”，故介词t。符合句意。故选C项。4. .（2021 天津高三二模）Taking on this challenge will bring you someone who shares your interests.A. in exchange forB. in answer toC. in memory ofD. in contact with【答案】D【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：接受这个挑战会让你接触到和你有共同

39、兴趣的人。A. in exchange for交 换,调换;B. in answer to响应,作为对的回答;C.in memory of纪念;D. in contact with接触,联系。根据句意及后文“someone who shares your interests”，结合选项可知，此处指“接触到和你有共同兴趣的人 故选D项。6. （2021 天津高三二模）With May Day, we would like to seize this opportunity to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mt. Panshan.A. on the contra

40、ryon the corneron the wholeon the horizon【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：五一即将到来，我们要抓住这个机会，欣赏盘山的美景。A. on the contrary正 相反；B. on the comer 在拐角处；C. on the whole 总的说来；D. on the horizon 即将来临。根据 we would like to seize this opportunity to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mt. Panshan. ,可知此处表示五一即将到来，故选 D。7. （2021 天津高三二模） W

41、ell have to revise our original planthe present situation.A. in return for B. in view ofC. in addition to D. in comparison with【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：考虑到目前的情况，我们不得不修改原来的计划。A. in return for作为 的报答;B. in view of考虑到；C.in addition to此外；D. in comparison with与比较。根据句意可知,此处应该表示“鉴于，考虑到。故选B。8. （2021 天津高三二模） We s

42、till havent got the sponsor the fact that weve written to dozens ofcompanies.A. regardless of B. in view ofC. in spite ofD. on account of【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管我们已经给儿十家公司写了信，但仍然没有找到赞助商。A. regardless of不管，不顾；B. in view of由于，鉴于；C.in spite of尽管，虽然；D. on account of由于，为了。由语意可 知，尽管给几十家公司写信，但是依然没有找到赞助商。故选C

43、项。9. （2021天津市滨海新区塘沽第一中学高三开学考试）his first win in the International Mathematical Olympiad, his parents took him to the beach enjoying a totally relaxation, leaving all the math exercises at home. A. In honor of B. In possession of C. In charge of D. In celebration of【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：为了庆祝他第一次在国际数学奥林

44、匹克竞赛中获胜，他的父母带他去 海滩享受完全的放松，把所有的数学练习留在家里。A. In honor of为纪念；B. In possession of占有；C. In charge of 负责；D. In celebration of 为庆祝。根据后文“his first win in the International MathematicalOlympiad”可知指为庆祝他第一次在国际数学奥林匹克竞赛中获胜，应用in celebration ofo故选D。10. （2021 黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校高二开学考试）In our city, almost everyone is bringi

45、ng down thehousing price because it is too high for us to buy one.A. in charge of B. in favor ofC. in need ofD. in danger of【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在我们城市，几乎每个人都赞成降低房价，因为房价对我们来说太高 了。A.in charge of 负责，主管；B. in favor of 支持，赞同;C. in need of 需要；D. in danger of 处于危险中。由语意可知，这里应是由于房价太高，所以大家都支持降低房价，故选B项。III.高考试

46、题（每个1分，共15分）.【2020新课标 I 卷】The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters （环形山）， more so 65, the familiar near side.【答案】than【解析】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级mores。可知，此处 填介词than,表示“比更故填than。1 .【2020新课标 II 卷】Bamboo plants are associated 67 , h

47、ealth, abundance and a happy home.【答案】with【解析】考查介词。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与相联系。故填with。2 .12020新课标 II 卷】Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.【答案】than【解析】考查短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；morethan不仅仅，不只是。故填than。4.【2020新课标 HI 卷】The artist was f

48、inally humbled (谦卑)by the greatest artist earth, Mother Nature.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表 示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。5.【2020山东卷 Museums must compete peoples spare time and money with other amusements.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意寸尊物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for,意为“为了竞争故填for。6.【20201折江卷】Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived , through agriculture.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试