2022年虚拟语气整理 .pdf

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1、1 虚拟语气1.条件状语从句中：条件从句主句同现在事实相反的假设一般过去时Were+doing should(would/might/could)+动词原形同过去事实相反的假设过去完成时should(would/might/could)have+过 去分词对将来的假想一般过去时；were+不定式should+动词原形should（would/might/could）+动词原形主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do no

2、w.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rained last night(过去),it would be very cold today(现在).2.名词性从句中主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句1）It is demanded/necessary/a pity+that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。It is(1)suggested that +(should)do(2)important(3)a pity（同位语）(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded

3、,requested,insisted；(2)important,necessary,natural,strange(3)a pity,a shame,no wonder It is suggested that we(should)hold a meeting next week.It is necessary that he(should)come to our meeting tomorrow.2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insi

4、st+(should)do I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he(should)be sent there.注意：如 suggest,insist 不表示 建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为 时，宾语从句用陈述语气。The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在 suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice 等名词后面的表

5、语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 3 页 -2 My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.如果从句中有were,had 和 should,可省掉 if，并将以上词提至句首。如：Were you in my position,you would do the same.Should he have t

6、ime,he would come to see me.wish 的用法1）用于 wish 后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：真实状况wish 后从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时be 的过去式为were）从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时（could have done）（had+过去分词）将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could+动词原形I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that.他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it wou

7、ld rain tomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。比较 if only 与 only ifonly if 表示 只有；if only 则表示 如果 就好了。If only 也可用于陈述语气。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。It is(high)time thatIt is(high)time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should 加动词原形，但shou

8、ld不可省略。It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time that the children should go to bed.need 不必做 和本不该做 didnt need to do 表示：过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。.neednt have done 表示：过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary,so she didnt need to walk back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。John w

9、ent to the station with the car to meet Mary,so she neednt have walked back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary 步行回家，没有遇上John 的车。)典型例题There was plenty of time.She _.A.mustnt have hurriedB.couldnt have hurriedC.must not hurryD.neednt have hurried 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 3 页 -3 答案D。neednt have do

10、ne.意为 本不必，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。Mustnt have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldnt have done,不可能已经。must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though 等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here,she could not solve t

11、he problem.如果主句中含有would rather，would as soon，would sooner 或 would prefer，则从句要用过去时表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表达希望或婉转的责备。如：I would prefer he worked hard.我倒希望他能够努力学习。I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。I d rather you posted the let ter right away.had hoped引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式

12、为：would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。由连接词in case,so that,unless,lest,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might,would)+动词原形。例如：She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.她在那个婴儿的身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。在虚拟语气中，有时假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句的形式表示，而是通过相应的介词或连词来表示，如without，but for，or，but，otherwise，so tha

13、t,unless,in case,supposing,lest,provided(倘 若)，for fear that(唯 恐),in order that,on condition that,if only(要是 就好了)等。如：But for your help，we couldn t have finis hed the task in time.（=If you hadn t helped us tomorrow(注：lest,for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如：The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him.这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 3 页 -