2022年研究生综合英语上单元汇编 .pdf

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1、On human nature 1.Human nature is the basis of character,the temperament and disposition;it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built,and whose shape it must take and keep throughout life.This we call a persons nature.人性是性格、气质和性情的基础，性格正是基于这种牢不可破的基质之上的，它必须以这种基质的形式存在，并将它保留终生，这种基质

2、，我们称之为一个人的本性。2.The basic nature of human beings does not and cannot change.It is only the surface that is capable of alteration,improvement and refinement;we can alter only peoples customs,manners,dress and habits.人类的本性不会也不能改变，只有一些表面特征才会变化、改善和进一步提升；我们可以改变人们的风格、举止、衣着和习惯。A study of history reveals tha

3、t the people who walked this earth in antiquity were moved by the same fundamental forces,were swayed by the same passions,and had the same aspirations as the men and women of today.一项历史研究表明，曾经行走在地球上的古人们和今天的男男女女们受着同样的基本力量驱使，被同样的激情左右并有着同样的抱负，The pursuit of happiness still engrosses mankind the world

4、over.时至今日，对幸福的追求仍然是全世界人类全身心投入的事业。3.Moreover no one wishes his nature to change.此外，没有人希望改变自己的本性One may covet the position of president or king,but would not change places with them unless it meant the continuance of his own identity.有人可能会觊觎总统或国王的职位，但不会和他们交换位置，除非那意味着他自己身份的继续。Each man sees himself as u

5、nique,and so far as he is concerned the hub of the universe,different from any other individual.每个人都把自己看成是独特个体，而且，就他而言，他就是宇宙的中心，有别于其他任何人。Apologies are in order when Mr.Smith is mistaken for Mr.Jones.如果有人把史密斯先生误认作琼斯先生，这人就该道歉。4.Every man unfolds a distinct character over which circumstances and educat

6、ion have only the most limited control.每个人都表现出一种与众不同的性格，而环境和教育对性格的影响都极其有限。No two people will ever draw the same conclusions from the same experiences,but each must interpret events and fit them into the mosaic of his own lifes pattern.两个人从相同的经历中也不会得出相同的结论，但是两个人会各自分析这些事件并将它们融合到自己丰富的生活模式中去。Human natur

7、e is ever true to itself,not to systems of faith or education.人性总是忠于它本身，而不受信仰或教育体制左右。Each holds to the structure of the mold into which the soul was cast at the time of its individualization.一个人的个性和他独特的天性在出生时就已经形成了，而且不会改变。The qualities born in one remain as potentials whether they have a chance to d

8、evelop or not.一个人与生俱来的品质，无论是否有机会发展，都保持为潜力。Under pressure,or change of interest,they can partially or wholly disappear from view for considerable periods of time;but nothing can permanently modify them,nothing can obliterate them.在遭受压力或兴趣变化的情况下，他们会部分或全部地消失相当一段时间，但是没有什么能永久地改变他们，也没有什么能把他们抹去。5.The const

9、ancy of human nature is proverbial,as no one believes that a man can fundamentally change his nature.人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。This is why it is so difficult for one who has acquired unsavory reputations to re-establish himself in public confidence.这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载

10、-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 3 页 -People know from experience that an individual who in one year displays knavish characteristics seldom in the next becomes any different.人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。Nor does a thief becomes a trustworthy employee,or a miser a philanthropist.小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝啬鬼也不可能变成慈善家。Nor

11、does a man change and become a liar,coward or traitor at fifty or sixty;if he is one then,he has been one ever since his character was formed.而且，一个人不会在五六十岁的时候变成谎话精、懦夫或叛徒，如果那时候他是，那么早在他性格形成的时候他就已经是了。Big criminals are first little criminals,just as giant oaks are first little acorns.大罪犯最初都是小罪犯，正如大橡树最初都

12、是小橡果。6.Although man is potentially perfect he is far from being actually so.尽管人类有完美的潜质，但事实上他远远没有达到完美。If he were actually perfect there would be nothing for preachers,teachers and humanitarians to do;no use for churches,schools,courts and prisons.如果事实上他已经是完美的，那么那些神父、教师和人道主义者便会无事可做；那些教堂、学校、法庭和监狱便会无所用处

13、。Therefore,while it is impossible to change human nature,it can be studied,controlled and directed,and this should be the supreme functions of our religious,educational and social institutions.因此虽然人性是不可能改变的，但是人们可以研究它、控制它和引导它。而且这应该是我们的宗教机构、教育机构和社会机构的最高职能。7.Man is perfect as a seed is perfect,germinal

14、ly.人类在胚胎期是完美的，就好比一粒种子，在幼芽期是完美的一样。The spirit is perfect,but when it inhabits human structures,it participates in the imperfections of the latter;and during its association with matter takes on the mortal weaknesses,desires and limitations.精神是完美的，但它栖居到人类肉体结构中后，便参与其中，表现出后者的不完美。在它与物质的联系过程中呈现出凡人的弱点、欲望和局限

15、。But the spirit,the inner man,remains untouched and undefiled by evil.但是精神，也就是人的内在，却仍能免遭邪恶的染指和玷污。Only the outer man-the personality and the physical body-becomes imperfect,due to ignorance wrong thinking and violation of laws of being.只有外在的人个性和躯体，由于无知、思想错误和违反自然规律而变得不完美。The outer man,too,was original

16、ly perfect,but man has so desecrated and abused it that today it is a far cry from the original model.外在的人，原本也是完美的，但是由于人类如此的亵渎和滥用，今天，它已经与原型相去甚远。8.Man s majesty and nobility are taken for granted,although his faults and weaknesses are constantly paraded before our eyes.人们想当然地认为人类是伟大和高尚的，尽管他的过错和弱点不断地暴

17、露在我们面前。Only when behavior deviates from the normal does it attract attention.只有当人类行为偏离常规时才会引起人们的注意。The good neighbor,the conscientious citizen,the kind father and faithful husband pass unnoticed.But the murder,robber or wife beater is singled out for publicity,because such conduct is unusual.人们对好邻居、

18、良民、慈父和贞夫视而不见，但杀人犯、抢劫犯或殴打妻子的人却成为公众瞩目的焦点。因为这些行为非同寻常。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 3 页 -9.Mans inherent goodness,moreover,is revealed by his countless acts of heroism,unselfishness and sacrifice.人类固有的优点还体现在不计其数的英雄主义行为、充满无私和牺牲精神的举动上Daily one reads of men saving others at the peril of their own lives.每天

19、我们都会读到人们冒着生命危险挽救他人生命的事迹：One plunges into the surf and rescues a swimmer from drowning;another dashes into a burning house and carries a stranger to safety;others snatch a child from the wheels of death;many give their blood so that others may live.有人跃入水中拯救溺水的泳者；有人冲进火场将陌生人带出险境；有人从死亡的车轮下救出孩子；许多人献出鲜血使他

20、人生命得以延续。Countless unnamed and unrecorded men have given their lives for fellowmen,not only on the battlefront but on the home-front as well.数不胜数的不知姓名、不被记载的人们，不仅在战场上，而且还在战争的大后方，为了他们的同胞献出了生命。10.Human nature does not but cannot change but unfolds its inherent pattern.人性不会也不能改变，它只展现它固有的模式。Man has a nature and its laws can be known.它有天性而且这种天性的规律是可知的。We can only endeavor to understand man as he is.我们只能尽力去了解人类的真实面貌。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 3 页 -