2022年世纪大学英语读写教程第四册readingaloud .pdf

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1、Unit 1 If great achievers share angthing,said Simonton.it is an unrelenting drive to succeed.Theres a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal.he explained.But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes.Its a di

2、fference in degree.Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study,practice and devotion.He cited Winston Churchill,Britains prime minister during World War II,as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up.Thrust into office when his countrys morale was at its lowest,Churchill rose brill

3、iantly to lead the British people.In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940,he inspired the nation when he said,we shall not flag or fail.We shall go on to the end we shall never surrender.Unit 2Some persons refrain from expressing their gratitude because they feel it will not b

4、e welcome,A patient of mine,a few weeks after his discharge from the hospital,came back to thank his nurse.I didnt come back sooner,he explained,because I imagined you must be bored to death with people thanking you.On the contrary,she replied,I am delighted you came.Few realize how much we need enc

5、ouragement and how much we are helped by those who give it.Gratitude is something of which none of us can give too much.For on the smiles,the thanks we give,our little gestures of appreciation,our neighbors build up their philosophy of life.Unit 3 The normal Western approach to a problem is to fight

6、 it.The saying,When the going gets tough,the tough get going,is typical of this aggressive attitude toward problem-solving.No matter what the problem is,or the techniques available for solving it,the framework produced by our Western way of thinking is fight.Dr.de Bono calls this vertical thinking;t

7、he traditional,sequential,Aristotelian thinking of logic,moving firmly from one step to the next,like toy blocks being built one on top of the other.The flaw is,of course,that if at any point one of the steps is not reached,or one of the toy blocks is incorrectly placed,then the whole structure coll

8、apses.Impasse is reached,and frustration,tension,feelings of fight take over.Lateral thinking,Dr.de Bono says,is a new technique of thinking about things a 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 4 页 -technique that avoids this fight altogether,and solves the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.Lateral

9、 thinking sounds simple.And it is.Once you have solved a problem laterally,you wonder how you could ever have been hung up on it.The key is making that vital shift in emphasis,that sidestepping of the problem,instead of attacking it head-on.Dr.A.A.Bridger,psychiatrist at Columbia University and in p

10、rivate practice in New York,explains how lateral thinking works with his patients.Many people come to me wanting to stop smoking,for instance,he says.Most people fail when they are trying to stop smoking because they wind up telling themselves,No,I will not smoke;no,1 shall not smoke;no,I will not;n

11、o,I cannot.Its a fight and what happens is you end up smoking more.So instead of looking at the problem from the old ways of no,and fighting it,I show them a whole new point of view that you are your bodys keeper,and your body is something through which you experience life.If you stop to think about

12、 it,theres really something helpless about your body.It can do nothing for itself.It has no choice,it is like a babys body.You begin then a whole new way of looking at it I am now going to take care of myself,and give myself some respect and protection,by not smoking.“Unit 4 When a students work did

13、 not measure up to the teachers expectations,as often happened,the student was not treated with disappointment,anger,or annoyance.Instead,the teacher assumed that this was an exception,an accident,a bad day,a momentary slip and the student believed her and felt reassured.The next time around,he trie

14、d harder,determined to live up to what the teacher knew he could do.The exact part of communication that tells a child,I expect the best,is difficult to pinpoint.In part it consists of a level tone showing assurance,a lack of verbal impatience,an absence of negative qualities such as irony,put-downs

15、,and irritation.The teacher who expects the best asks her questions with conviction,knowing the answers she gets will be right,and the child picks up that conviction.Unit 5 I have often reflected upon the new vistas that reading opened to me.I knew right there in prison that reading had changed fore

16、ver the course of my life.As I see it today,the ability to read awoke inside me some long dormant craving to be mentally alive.I 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 4 页 -certainly wasnt seeking any degree,the way a college confers a status symbol upon its students.My homemade education gave me,with every

17、 additional book that I read,a little bit more sensitivity to the deafness,dumbness,and blindness that was afflicting the black race in America.Not long ago,an English writer telephoned me from London,asking questions.One was,Whats your alma mater?I told him,Books.You will never catch me with a free

18、 fifteen minutes in which Im not studying something I feel might be able to help the black man.Unit 6 EQ is not the opposite of IQ.Some people are blessed with a lot of both,some with little of either.What researchers have been trying to understand is how they complement each other;how ones ability

19、to handle stress,for instance,affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use.Among the ingredients for success,researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%;the rest depends on everything from class to luck to the neural pathways that have developed in the brain over m

20、illions of years of human evolution.Unit 7As a child,I identified so strongly with my mother that I thought my father was just a long-term house guest with spanking privileges.She and I are bookish,introverted worriers.My father is an optimist who has never had a sleepless night in his life.Like mos

21、t fathers and sons,we fought.But there was no cooling-off period between rounds.It was a cold war lasting from the onset of my adolescence until I went off to college in 1973.I hated him.He was a former navy fighter pilot,with an Irish temper and a belief that all the problems of the worldincluding

22、an overprotected son who never saw anything through to completioncould be cured by the application of more discipline.Unit 8 Now,it must be obvious what all this has to do with you.Eventually,like the rest of us,you must be on one side or the other.You must be an Athenian or a Visigoth.Of course,it

23、is much harder to be an Athenian,for you must learn how to be one,you must work at being one,whereas we are all,in a way,natural-born Visigoths.That is why there are so many more Visigoths than Athenians.And I must tell you that you do not become an Athenian merely by attending school or accumulatin

24、g degrees.My father-in-law was one 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 4 页 -of the most committed Athenians I have ever known,and he spent his entire adult life as a dress cutter on Seventh Avenue in New York City.On the other hand,I have known physicians,lawyers,and engineers who are Visigoths of unmist

25、akable persuasion.And I must also tell you,as much in sorrow as in shame,that at some of our great universities,perhaps even this one,there are professors of whom we may fairly say they are closet Visigoths.And yet,you must not doubt for a moment that a school,after all,is essentially an Athenian id

26、ea.There is a direct link between the cultural achievements of Athens and what the faculty of this university is all about.I have no difficulty imagining that Plato,Aristotle,or Democritus would be quite at home in our classrooms.A Visigoth would merely scrawl obscenities on the wall.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 4 页 -