2022年if虚拟语气 .pdf

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1、If 虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法If 引导出的条件句中使用虚拟语气时，表示所说的话是非真实的，是一种假设。通常有三种情况，与现在事实相反；与过去的事实相反；与将来的事实相反。1/B、/Bif从句表示与想在的事实相反的假设时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时（/Bbe 一般用/Bwere），主句用/Bwould/should/could/might+/B动词原形/B/B If we had enough money,we would buy a computer If I were you,I would take her advice.If places were a like,there

2、 would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。Our life would be better if there were no examination.2/B、/Bif/B从句表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时，主语用/Bwould/should/could/might+have+/B过去分词/B/B If I had worked harder at school,I would have got a better job.If he had know your address yesterday,h

3、e would have telephoned you.We might have arrived here eariler if we had taken a taxi.If it had not been for you help,I would have failed again.3/B、/BIf/B从句表示与将来事实可能相反的假设时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，/Bwere to do/B或/Bshould+/B动词原形，主句用/Bwould/should/could/might+/B动词原形/B/B If it rained tomorrow,we would put off the

4、 sports meet.If he were to leave today,he would get there by Friday.If she should fail again,we would not blame her.【注】（1）有时从句假设过去，而主句假设现在，这时从句用过去完成时，而主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。If he had taken my advice,he would be much better now.（2）if 从句中如果有助动词had,should或 were时，可以省略if,而从句使用倒装语序。Had you not

5、left so early,you might have missed the train.Were I to be young again,I would study medicine.Should we miss the train,we should have to wait an hour at the station.（3）有时候假设的情况不是以条件句的形式表示出来，而是用介词without,but for等或是用连词 but,or,otherwise等方式来表示的。Without you help,I wouldn t have achieved so much,.But for

6、your help,I would not have succeeded.We didn t know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephone him.一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1/B、动词/Bwish/B后面的/Bthat/B从句中常用虚拟语气表示愿望。如果表示现在的愿望，从句中过去时（/Bbe/B动词用/Bwere/B）；如果表示过去的愿望，从句中用过去完成时或/Bwould/should/could/might+have+/B过去分词；如果表示将来的愿望，从句中用/Bwould/should/could/might

7、+/B动词原形。/B/B I wish I know his address.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 3 页 -I wish you had written to him.I wish I could have slept longer this morning,but I had go get up and come to class.I wish you would stop asking silly questions.【注】虚拟语气有时用省略语气，只保留did,had,were,would,could等助动词。“Have you found the

8、 answer to the question?”“I wish I had.”I can t go to Anqing with you,but I wish I would.2/B、短语/Bwould rather/B后面的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气表示愿望、后悔。表示现在和将来的愿望时，从句中使用一般过去时；表示对过去事情后悔，从句中用过去完成时。/B/B I would rather you were happy.I would rather you came here this Saturday.I would rather I had seen the professor yeste

9、rday.I would rather you hadn t blamed her the other day.3/B、表示“建议、要求、命令、决定”的动词（如/Bsuggest,propose,recommend,insist,order,demand,request,advise,command,decide,grant,require,urge/B等）后面的/Bthat/B从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“/Bshould+/B动词原形”，/Bshould/B可省略。/B/B She suggests that they(should)go there right away.The aut

10、hor proposed that TV(should)be turned off at least one hour every day.The captain ordered that his man fire at the enemy.【注】suggest如作“暗示，表明”解释，其后的 that从句中不可用虚拟语气；insist如作“坚持认为”时，其后的that从句中亦不可用虚拟语气The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never s

11、tolen the money.二、虚拟语气在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中的用法1、/B在/Bit is important/necessary/vital/essential/strange that./B句型中用“/Bshould+/B动词原形”虚拟式。/B/B It is important that the meeting be postponed.It is necessary that she come here twice a week to help clean the room.It is strange that he should turn down my offer

12、.2/B、在/Bit is suggested/required/requested that./B句型中用“/Bshould+/B动词原形”虚拟式。/B/B 3/B、句子的主语如果是表示“建议、要求、命令、决定”意义的名词，那么以/Bthat/B 引导的表语从句中用“/Bshould+/B动词原形”虚拟式。/B/B My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.4/B、表示“建议、要求、命令、决定”意义的名词后面如果接/Bthat/B从句作同位语，那么同位语从句中用“/Bshould+/B动词原形”虚拟式。/B/B W

13、e all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Susong for sightseeing.She gave the order that no one go out of the house after 10 o clock.【注】上述从句中的should均可省略名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 3 页 -一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法1、/B在/Bas if/as though/B引导的状语从句中可使用过去时表示虚拟语气。/B/B He speaks as if he were on the spot.S

14、he spoke to me as if I were deaf.This device operated as though it had been repaired.2、/B在/Bin case,for fear that,lest/B引导的目的状语从句中，常用“/Bshould+/B动词原形”虚拟式。/B/B He left early in case he should miss the last train.I punished the child lest he should make the same mistake.3/B、在/Bwhether.or./B引导出的让步状语从句中

15、可用动词原形表示虚拟语气。/B/B Whether it be fine or not,we ll go ahead with the football match.It doesn t matter to me whether he succeed or fail.二、虚拟语气在其他情况中的用法1、/B在/Bit is(about/high)time(that)./B句式中，/Bthat/B从句中要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。/B/B I think its time you went to bed.It s high time that she made up her mind.2、/B在/

16、Bif only./B句式中，谓语动词用过去时表示虚拟语气。/B/B If only he didn t drive so fast!If only she had asked someone s advice.If only the rain would stop.3、/B在一些表示祝愿的话语中，有时用情态动词/Bmay/B表示虚拟语气，且句子用倒装；有时还可用动词原形来表示虚拟语气。/B/B May you have a long and happy life!Long live the Republic!共和国万岁！So be it!就这样吧！名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 3 页 -