专题08情态动词和虚拟语气-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法贯通+题型突破(新高考专用)(含答案解析).docx
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1、专题08情态动词和虚拟语气【方法提炼】针对情态动词,高考主要考查的是can,should,must,may,could等常用情态动词的用法,其中情 态动词表推测的用法是考查的重点。而针对虚拟语气的考查,主要涉及虚拟语气在条件状语 从句、名词性从句中的用法,其中虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用是考查的重点。1. (2020 浙江 1 月,64) However, greater attention should (place) on longevity(长寿).【答案】be placed【解析】结合句意可知,此处attention与place是动宾关系,故此处应用被动语态。又因空前 是情态动词sh
2、ould,故填be placedo(2020 江苏,28) If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I(be)where I am.答案wouldn,t/couldn9t/shouldn9t/mightn91 be【解析】句意:如果我没有面对过那么多的障碍,我就不会是今天的我了。根据语境可知,该句 为错综时间条件句,从句是对过去情况的假设,主句是对现在情况的假设,故填 wouldnt/couldnt/shouldnt/mightnt be。2. (2019 江苏,31) What a pity! You missed the sightseei
3、ng, or we(have)a good time together.【答案】would/could/should/might have had【解析】句意:多遗憾啊!你错过了这次游览,否则,我们会在一起玩得很开心的。根据关键词 missed及or可知,这里表示与过去事实相反的假设,谓语应用would/could/should/might have done”形式。3. (2018 W匕京,13) They might have found a better hotel if they (drive)a few more kilometers.【答案】had driven【解析】句意:如果再
4、开几千米,他们可能会找到一家更好的旅馆。根据语境可知,此处表示与 过去事实相反的假设,从句应该用过去完成时。4. (2018 江苏,27) There is a good social life in the village, and I wish 1 (have)a second chance to become more involved.【答案】hadThe story started in Denmark. Ole Christiansen was a carpenter 2 was struggling with his small business. His wife died 3
5、 (short) after his fourth son was born. He had to work hard to support his family alone. He started making wooden toys.but they didnt sell well. He thought his toys needed a name,and he chose 4 name Lego”.Unfortunately, several years later, his workshop 5 (burn) to the ground. Soon,he started to mak
6、e a few plastic toys. He got the idea of creating a system of toys that would build up kids 6 (imagine) and creativity. He decided to stop 7 (make) wooden toys and focus only on the connected plastic toys. Then he started to build more and more kinds of 8 (model). Each one had to be of the 9 (high)
7、quality, which can be reflected in Legos motto Only the best is good enough. nThanks to his perseverance, kids can enjoy Lego toys, movies, amusement parks and clothing. But none of this would have existed at that time if he 10 (give) up when times were hard.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了丹麦的木匠Ole Christiansen创造乐高玩
8、具的经过。l.but考查连词。句意:像许多其他伟大的发明一样,这个故事不仅仅是关于一个伟大的想 法的,而且是关于大量的努力和毅力的。not onlybut(also)意为”不仅而且,故填but。 2.who/that考查定语从句。句意:奥尔克里斯琴森是个木匠,他的小生意做得很艰难。此处 为定语从句,先行词carpenter指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填who/thato3.shortly考查副词。句意:他的妻子在他的第四个儿子出生后不久就去世了。shortly after 表示“不久之后”,故填副词shortly 0.the考查冠词。句意:他觉得他的玩具需要一个名字,于是他选择了“乐高”这
9、个名字。name 为可数名词,此处表示特指,故用定冠词theo.was burned(burnt)考查动词的时态和语态。句意:不幸的是,几年后,他的作坊被彻底焚毁了。 根据several years later可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,且主语workshop与 burn之间构成被动关系,故填was burned(burnt)o1.1 magination(s)考查名词。句意:他有了一个想法,即创造一个玩具“系统”,它可以增强孩子 的想象力和创造力。空处和creativity并列,故填名词,imagination作想象力”讲时,既可作可数 名词,也可作不可数名词,故填imag
10、ination(s)o.making考查固定搭配。句意:他决定停止制作木制玩具,只专注于做有关联的塑料玩具。 根据语境可知,此处应用stop doing sth.来表示“停止正在做的事二故填makingo.models考查名词的数。句意:然后他开始建立越来越多种类的模型。model为可数名词, 根据空前的more and more kinds of可知,应填名词的复数形式modelso.highest考查形容词最高级。句意:每一个都必须是最优质的,这可以体现在乐高的格言”只 有最好的才足够好”里。根据句意以及空前的the可知应填形容词最高级highesto7 .had given考查虚拟语气。
11、句意:但如果他在困难时期放弃了,这一切在当时都不会存在。 此处表示与过去事实相反的情况。if引导的条件状语从句应用过去完成时,对应的主句谓语 应为would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”。故填 had giveno【解析】根据There is a good social life in the village”可知,时间的着眼点是现在,因此wish后 的从句是对现在情况的假设,应用一般过去时。6. (2018 江苏,24) Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permissi
12、on.【答案】should【解析】句意:很奇怪,他竟然未经主人的许可就拿走了那些书。should“竟然”,符合句意。7. (2017 1 匕京,21) Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf.【答案】can【解析】句意:Samuel是我们班个子最高的男孩,他能轻易够着书架顶层的书。根据句意可知, 空处表能力,故用can。8. (2016 1 匕京,31 )1 love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sun
13、days. 【答案】neednt【解析】句意:我喜欢周末,因为在星期六和星期日我不需要早起。根据语境可知,此处表示“ 不需要,不必,故用neednt。9. (2016 天津,15) I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I (injure).答案 would/could/should/might have been injured【解析】根据”1 was wearing a seatbelt和“ If I hadnt been wearing one可判断出,此处表示与过 去事实相反的假设,从句用了过去完成时,主句谓语应用
14、would/could/should/might have done*1 形式,又主语 I 与 injure 之间是动宾关系,故填 would/could/should/might have been injuredo lO.If we(book) a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in the long queue.【答案】had booked【解析】句意:如果我们早点儿预订桌子,我们就不会站在这里排长队了。本句为错综时间条 件句,根据句意可知从句是对过去发生情况的虚拟,故从句的谓语动词形式应为“ had+过去分 词”。11 .It w
15、as sad to me that they,so poor themselves,bring me food.【答案】should句意:让我难过的是,他们自己那么贫穷,竟然还给我带来食物。本题考查 情态动词。情态动词should可以表示说话人惊讶的语气,意为“竟然”。12.1 thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.【答案】cant句意:我无论怎样感谢你都不为过。cant与enough,too much等连用表示“再也不为过”。13.1 have worried before I
16、came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.【答案】neednt【解析】句意:在进入这所新学校之前,我本没有必要担心,因为这里的同学对我很友好。根据 语境可知,此处表示“过去对某事担心过,但现在看来这种担心没有必要,用needn have done 形式,故填neednt。14.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they (come) to our help.答案wo
17、uld/could/should/might have come【解析】句意:我们在做调查的那几个月,他们在国外,否则他们会来给我们帮忙的。由语境及 关键词or可知,此处考查虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反的假设。1.1 lt is required by law that a driving test(take)before a man gets a license.【答案】(should) be taken【解析】句意:法律规定,一个人在获得驾照之前要先参加驾照考试。It is required that句型 中,that从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形”,should可以省略;又因为a
18、 driving test与take之 间是被动关系,故用被动语态。16 .You park here! Ifs an emergency exit.【答案】mustnt【解析】句意:你禁止在这里停车!这是紧急出口。mustnt表示禁止、.How I wish I (begin) to learn French when I was ten.【答案】had begun【解析】由when I was ten可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故用“had+过去分词”形式。17 .Traffic safety is related to thousands of households. We st
19、ress the importance of itenough.【答案】cant【解析】句意:交通安全关系到千家万户,我们再怎么强调它的重要性都不为过。cani.enough 表示再都不为过”。19.1 should (go)to my cousin*s birthday party last night,but I was not available.【答案】have gone句意:我昨天晚上本应该去我表兄的生日聚会,但是我没有空。这里表示本应该做而没做的事,故答案是have goneo2O.If the new safety system had been(put) to use, the
20、 accident would never have happened.【答案】had been put句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用,这起事故就不会发生了。本题 考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的主句谓语部分would never have happened可知语境是对过去发 生的事进行虚拟,因此if引导的从句谓语部分应为had doneo再结合语境,可知用被动语态。21.一Do you have Bettys phone number?一Yes. Otherwise, I wouldnt (be) able to reach her yester-day.【答案】have been句意:你有Be
21、tty的电话号码吗?有,否则,昨天我就不能联系到 她了。设空处是对过去发生的事进行虚拟,应该用would have done结构,此处要用否定形式。1.1 1 was wearing a seat belt then; if I hadn*t been wearing one, I would have been (injure).【答案】have been injured句意:我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话,我可能就 受伤了。根据句意可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,其谓语形式为would have done。 主语I与injure为被动关系,故需用被动语态,故答案have b
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