必刷卷03 -2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（北京专用）（含答案解析）.docx

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1、绝密启用前2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷03北京地区专用北京属于自主命题地区，2022年统考英语听说考试与笔试分离，实行计算机考试，一年两次考试，取 听说最高成绩与笔试成绩一同组成英语科目成绩计入高考总分。英语听说考试共计50分，英语科目总成绩 满分150分。第一次考试将于2021年12月11日进行，第二次考试将于2022年3月19日进行。笔试部分 题型：完形填空（10小题，满分15分）+短文填空（三篇短文10小题，满分15分）+阅读理解（四篇短 文14小题，满分28分）+七选五（5小题，满分10分）+阅读回答问题（4小题，满分12分）+书面表达 （1小题，满分20分）本套试卷完形填空（是一

2、篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一架急于运输严重患病的女孩的飞机，因为机场 跑道灯熄灭无法着陆，附近的居民立刻开车来帮助，打开车前灯帮助飞机安全着陆的故事。短文填空（A 篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬奥会闭幕式；B篇是是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国女航天员王亚平;C篇是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了北京冬奥会期间习近平主席给摩纳哥王子赠送奥运吉祥物“冰墩墩”的故事）。阅读理解（A篇是是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了长城马拉松比赛；B篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍冰 崩会发出大量的次声波；C篇是一篇说明文。介绍了在网上申请信用卡时应该了解的事情；D篇是议论文。文章讨论了电子设备对孩子们的影响）。七选五是一篇说明文。文章

3、主要介绍了治疗肥胖方法。阅读表达是 一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今可以用于作弊的应用程序。书面表达是应用文。（满分100分；考试时间：90分钟）第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。A. distinguishing different components of a signaldetecting multiple avalanches at the same time C. calculating the speed and path of i

4、ce avalanches D. monitoring the specific location of ice breakoffsWhich of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. From Fire to IceB. Glacier WhispersNature is WarningD. Secret of Ice Avalanches【答案】. C 25. C 26. A 27. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍冰崩会发出大量的次声波，研究人员正在尝试用次声探测技术来检测和探 测冰崩。24 .细节理解题。根

5、据第二段的“Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson.（博伊西州立大学的地球物理学家 Jeffrey Johnson 说，之 前的工作分析过雪崩的次声，但从未分析过冰的次声）”和第三段的“But a collapse-a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glaciers main body一is a prolific infraso

6、und producer.（但是冰川的崩塌冰川主体的冰突然迅速断裂是大量次声的产生者）和As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detectsuch collapses.（随着威胁的增加，科学家们寻求新的方法来监测和探测这种崩塌）”可知，从第二和第三段 我们知道研究人员正试图利用次声探测冰崩。故选C。25 .细节理解题。根据第四段的“Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can

7、 monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break-off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain.（研究人员经常使用雷达来跟踪冰雪崩，这种方法精确但昂贵，而且只能监测一个特定的位置和 邻近的雪崩路径。马尔凯蒂说，次声探测技术成本更低，可以探测到更广阔的区域附近的断裂

8、事件，以及 山脉上的多次雪崩）“可知，和雷达相比次声探测的优势是能接收更大范围内的信号。故选C。26 .词句猜测题。分析句子可知，句中this应指代上文出现的内容。根据第四段的“It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components （such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes） without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzat

9、a Chmiel.（然而, 苏黎世联邦理工学 院的冰川学家Malgorzata Chmiel说，在没有额外测量的情况下，将一个信号分解成它的组成部分（如交通噪 音、单独的雪崩和附近的地震）是一项挑战）”推知，this指代区分信号的成分、即马尔凯蒂使用的模型是 区分信号成分的初步近似（该模型能区分出信号的不同成分）。故选A。27 .主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanches（崩塌）critical characteristics.（但这些振动是计算冰崩临界特性的关

10、键）”和第三段的“But a collapsea sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glaciers main bodyis a prolific infrasound producer.（但是冰 川的崩塌冰川主体的冰突然迅速断裂是大量次声的产生者）”和“As the threat grows, scientists seeknew ways to monitor and detect such collapses.（随着威胁的增加，科学家们寻求新的方法来监测和探测这种 崩塌）”可知，冰崩会发出大量的次声波，研究人员正在尝试用次声探测技术来检测和探测

11、冰崩。故B项“冰 川低语”可以作为本文标题，吸引读者。故选B。CWhat you should know when applying for a credit card onlineApplying for a credit card online can be awful, as you may have heard all sorts of information and might not know what to believe. Consider these tips when applying for a credit card online.Who can apply for a

12、 credit card onlineOnline credit card applications are open to US adult residents -in other words, people with a mailing address in the US who are over 18 and either have a Social Security Number （SSN） or Individual Tax Identification Number （ITIN）. Applicants under the age of 21 will need a co-sign

13、er or proof of income as part of the application process. While nearly anyone can apply for a credit card, note that credit card issuers evaluate applications based on many different factors and criteria. They are interested in getting a full picture of your financial health. Therefore, besides coll

14、ecting your basic contact information, they will use your SSN to pull your credit report.How to apply for a credit card onlineDo your research. There are hundreds of different credit cards available with a variety of offers, fee structures and rewards programs. Chart your spending behaviors so you k

15、now which categories you spend most heavily in, and then shop around for the card that matches your credit profile and best fits your needs.Follow internet security best practices. When youre ready to apply, make sure both your web browser and operating system are up to date. Consider filling out th

16、e application on a mobile data connection or a safe, private network to prevent the risks of someone stealing your personal information. And if you have any doubt about the safety of an email from a card issuer, go directly to the issuers website rather than clicking on any links in the email.28 . W

17、hat can show an applicants overall financial health?A. The income proof.B. The SSN or ITIN.C , The credit report.D. The co-signer.29 . Which of the following is recommended to decide the right type of credit card?A.Changing its fee structures.B.Joining its rewards programs.C.Charting your shopping h

18、abits.D.Improving your credit profile.30 . How can an applicant guarantee internet security?A.By using a slower operating system.B.By using a mobile data connection.C.By giving no personal information.D.By clicking on the links in an email.【答案】28. C 29. C 30. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了在网上申请信用卡时应该了解的事情。28. 细节理

19、解题。根据 Who can apply for a credit card online 下列段落中“They are interested in getting a full picture of your financial health. Therefore, besides collecting your basic contact information, they will use your SSN to pull your credit report.（他们想全面了解你的财务状况。因此，除了收集你的基本联系信息外，他们还 会使用你的SSN来获取你的信用报告。厂可知，信用报告可以显

20、示申请人的整体财务状况。故选C项。29. 细节理解题。根据 How to apply for a credit card online 下列段落中“Chart your spending behaviors so you know which categories you spend most heavily in, and then shop around for the card that matches your credit profile and best fits your needs.（把你的消费行为记录下来，这样你就能知道你在哪些方面花钱最多，然后货 比三家，找到最符合你信用档

21、案、最符合你需求的信用卡。）“可知，记录你的购物习惯可以帮助你选择合适 的信用卡。故选C项。30. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Consider filling out the application on a mobile data connection or a safe, private network to prevent the risks of someone stealing your personal information.（考虑在移动数据连接或安全 的私人网络上填写申请，以防止有人窃取你的个人信息的风险。）“可知，申请人应使用移动数据连接来保证 互联网安全。故选B项。DA

22、new study of parental attitudes. Growing up Digital, by the UNSW Gonski Institute of Education found that 83 percent of carers, parents and grandparents thought their children were negatively distracted by their devices.Parents are worried that being on a screen stops their children doing other acti

23、vities, such as being physically active and playing outside, being creative or pending time connecting with friends or family. Many are concerned about the dangers of cyber-bullying and the effect of social media on their childrens mental and physical health.Over the family dinner table, the most co

24、mmon argument is increasingly about use of mobile phones.Three-quarters of parents say it is hard to control their childrens use of their digital devices and two-thirds say the topic is a source of conflict in the home. Teachers are saying the same things about behaviour in classrooms.While the digi

25、tal world is not without its dangers and challenges, some experts warn parents against demonizing smartphones or social media.The more extreme fears about the impact of the digital world on the current generation of children will likely sound as outdated in a few decades as when their great-grandpar

26、ents inveighed against the evils of television or rockn roll music.Many previously sceptical parents have seen the positive human value of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic because it allowed their children to connect with friends and family through lockdowns and social distancing. Children

27、could keep up their education remotely.Rather than railing against the digital world, parents need to think of strategies to help their children get the best from their devices.Parents should talk to their children about how to use their devices more productively and safely. They should accept that

28、the online world can be creative and a source of inspiration and connection as well. They should give children positive reasons to limit their usage rather than simply telling them to put them phones away.It is not possible to turn back time and stop children using their devices. Parents and teacher

29、s must help children get the best out of them.31. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about digital devices?A.Their target usersB.Their wide popularity.C.Their major functions.D.Their potentialharm.32. What effect would digital devices have on children?A.Calming.B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing.D.Challeng

30、ing.33. What does the underlined word “demonizing in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?A.Criticizing casually.B.Controlling completely.C.Denying totallyD.Ignoring purposefully.34. Whafs the authors attitude to digital devices?A.Objective.B.Critical.D. IntolerantC. Favorable.【答案】. D 32. B 33. C 34. A【解析

31、】本文是议论文。文章讨论了电子设备对孩子们的影响，作者认为电子设备有积极的方面，不能完全否 定，应该采取积极态度接受，并指导孩子们利用它。31 .主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“Parents are worried that being on a screen stops their children doing other activities, such as being physically active and playing outside, being creative or pending time connecting with friends or family. Many a

32、re concerned about the dangers of cyber-bullying and the effect of social media on their children mental and physical health/家长们担心，盯着屏幕会妨碍孩子做其他活动，比如锻炼身体、在户 外玩耍、有创造力或与朋友或家人联系的空闲时间。许多人担心网络欺凌的危险，以及社交媒体对孩子身 心健康的影响。户可推断，本段主要讲述数码设备的危害。故选D项。32 .细节理解题。根据第一段内容“A new study of parental attitudes, Growing up Di

33、gital, by the UNSW Gonski Institute of Education found that 83 percent of carers, parents and grandparents thought their children were negatively distracted by their devices.（新南威尔士大学冈斯基教育学院（UNSW Gonski Institute of Education） 行的一项关于父母态度的新研究“数字化成长”（Growing up Digital）发现，83%的看护者、父母和祖父母 认为他们的孩子被电子设备消极地

34、分散了注意力。厂可知，数码设备扰乱孩子们的注意力。故选B项。33 .词义猜测题。While引导让步状语从句，上下文是转折关系，根据“While the digital world is not without its dangers and challenges（尽管数字世界并非没有危险和挑战广可推断，数字世界虽然有一些危险和挑战，但是 一些专家警告家长们不要妖魔化智能手机或社交媒体，故划线词与“Denying totally（完全否定）”意思相近。故 选C项。34 .推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Rather than railing against the digital world, pa

35、rents need to think of strategies to help their children get the best from their devices.（父母们不应该抱怨数字世界，而应该想办法帮助孩子们充 分利用电子设备。厂以及倒数第二段的“Parents should talk to their children about how to use their devices more productively and safely. They should accept that the online world can be creative and a sour

36、ce of inspiration and connection as well. They should give children positive reasons to limit their usage rather than simply telling them to put them phones away.（父母应该告诉孩子如何更有效、更安全地使用电子设备。他们应该接受，网络世界 可以是创造性的，也是灵感和关系的源泉。他们应该给孩子们积极的理由来限制他们的使用，而不是简单 地告诉他们把手机收起来。户可推断，作者对于电子设备的态度是客观的。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分,

37、共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选 项中有两项为多余选项。Rethinking Obesity（肥胖症）In principle, it sounds simple: eat less and move more. This dietary advice for dealing with obesity has been around for decades. 35 So why hasnt this approach to weight control worked?One possibility is that we have

38、nt tried hard enough. Perhaps we have lacked the discipline and willpower to maintain healthy dietary and exercise habits一a challenge made more difficult today for those surrounded by inexpensive, tasty highly processed foods.36 In a recent paper, my colleagues and I question the basic assumption of

39、 whether taking in more calories than you burn really is the primary cause of obesity. We argue that we are driven to overeat because we are getting fatter.The key to how this works in obesity is insulin （胰岛素）processed, rapidly digestible carbohydrates （碳水化 合物食品）raise our insulin level too high. 37

40、A few hours after eating a high-carb meal, the number of calories in the blood stream falls suddenly, so we get hungrier sooner after eating.The two opposing views of cause and effect in obesity have very different implications for how to prevent and treat weight problems. The usual approach focuses

41、 on how much to eat, with prescriptions （处方）for daily calorie intake. 38 Higher-fat foods may help get rid of body fat, a possibility supported by clinical trials comparing high-fat diets with low-fat ones.This way of thinking might help explain why calorie restriction usually fails long before a pe

42、rson with obesity approaches an ideal body weight. A low-calorie, low-fat diet further restricts an already limited supply of energy to the body, worsening hunger without addressing the underlying tendency to store too many calories in body fat.39Although much more research will be needed to test th

43、is idea, it is time to question the basic assumptions about cause and effect calories and weight gain that have controlled our thinking.A. Yet, worldwide obesity rates just keep going up.B , In our view the emphasis should be place a on what to eat.C. It is important to control the amount of food co

44、nsumed by us.D. Obesity is a disease that affects 650 million adults worldwide.E. Or perhaps the problem is the fbcus on calorie balance itself.F. Weight loss becomes a battle between mind and metabolism（新陈代谢）.G. This causes fat cells to take in to many calories, leaving fewer for the rest of the bo

45、dy.【答案】A 36. E 37. G 38. B 39. F【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过去治疗肥胖的饮食建议并不奏效，我们需要重新思考减肥的方 法。35.根据前句This dietary advice for dealing with obesity has been around for decades.（这种治疗肥胖的饮食建 议已经存在了几十年。广和后句“So why hasnt this approach to weight control worked?（那么，为什么这种控制 体重的方法不起作用呢?）可知，控制体重的饮食建议并没有阻止肥胖率的上升。所以A“Yet, w

46、orldwide obesity rates just keep going up.（然而，全球的肥胖率却在不断上升。广符合上下文语境。故选A。35. 根据后句“In a recent paper, my colleagues and I question the basic assumption of whether taking in more calories than you burn really is the primary cause of obesity.（在最近的一篇论文中，我和我的同事对以下基本假 设提出了质疑：摄入的热量是否真的比燃烧的热量多是肥胖的主要原因。广可知，作者

47、认为肥胖的主要原因 可能是“热量平衡问题本身引起的。所以 EOr perhaps the problem is the focus on calorie balance itself.（或许 问题出在“热量平衡”本身。户符合上下文语境。故选E。36. 根据前句The key to how this works in obesity is insulin （胰岛素）processed, rapidly digestible carbohydrates （碳水化合物食品）raise our insulin level too high.（肥胖的关键在于胰岛素的处理，快速消化的碳水化合物会使 我们的

48、胰岛素水平过高。广可知，后句陈述胰岛素水平过高所导致的结果。所以G-This causes fat cells to take in to many calories, leaving fewer for the rest of the body（这会导致脂肪细胞吸收很多卡路里，留给身体其他部 位的热量就少了。户符合上下文语境。故选G。37. 根据前句“The usual approach focuses on how much to eat, with prescriptions （处方）for daily calorie intake. （通常的方法关注的是吃多少，以及每日卡路里摄入量的处

49、方。广和后句“Higher-fat foods may help get rid of body fat, a possibility supported by clinical trials comparing high-fat diets with low-fat ones.（高脂肪食物可能有 助于消除体内脂肪，这一可能性得到了高脂肪饮食与低脂肪饮食对比临床试验的支持。广可知，作者认为以 前的方法是错误的，应该关注食物的选择上。所以BIn our view the emphasis should be place a on what to eat.（在我们看来，重点应该放在吃什么上。户符合上下文语境。故选B。38. 根据前文“This way of thinking might help explain why calo