高英词义辨析(7页).doc

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1、-高英词义辨析-第 7 页glisten、glitter、flash、shimmer、sparkleflash:toshinesuddenlyandbrightlyforashorttime,ortomakesomethingshineinthisway;Ifalightflashesorifyouflashalight,itshineswithasuddenbrightlight,especiallyasquick,regularflashesoflight.例：Lightningflashedoverhead.Flash是快速地发出强光，意为闪光，是闪光一族的普通意义，后文还有多个闪光词汇

2、。mortal、fatal、deadly、lethalFatal是用以描写任何足以致死或确已致死的事物；强烈暗示命运之不可逃避。例如：an illness which might not be serious for a young person, but which all almost certainly prove fatal to the old lady（对一位年轻人可能不算严重而对这位老妇人则几乎一定可以致死的病）.Deadly在这意义上，可与fatal交换使用。例如：Leukaemi a is a deadly disease（白血球过多症是可以致死的病）.Deadly可指想要致

3、人于死的人或物，而fatal则不能。例如：The murdered man had many deadly enemies（这被害人有许多死敌）.Mortal和deadly相似，可适用于致死、能致死或企图致人于死的人或物。例如：Because of an ancient family feud, the two cousins had been mortal enemies from birth（因家庭宿仇，这两个堂兄弟生来就成为死敌）.用于物，mortal与fatal和deadly之不同仅在于mortal通常用以详述业已发生的命案中的细节。例如：He was struck down by a

4、 mortal blow upon the head(他是被头上致命的一击所打到）.Lethal指本身含有一种质素确可致人于死，或真正为致人于死而存在的东西。例如：Cyanide is a lethal poison（氰化物是一种致命的毒药）.除lethal外，这些字都可用以描写激发重大恐惧不安，或引起灾难或破坏，而又不至于导致实际死亡之事物。例如：a fatal mistake（极严重的错误）;a deadly insult（极难堪的侮辱）;in mortal terror（吓的要死）.参阅dead，die。反义字：enlivening，invigorating，life-giving。in

5、tellectual、intelligent、cleverintellectual 是直接对应Intellect的, 就是所谓的名词形容化，intelligent 不是对应Intellect的，它们只是同根词，比如说一个机械人是intellectual只说明它基于智力原理开发，但它不一定很聪明，但如果说一个机械人是intelligent，那我不管它是基于什么原理开发还是上帝赋予它的，总之它就是好聪明！在举个例子吧，神经一词对应神经的，这个神经的是指生物学上的结构，但不是说它神经不正常！在这里intellectual就扮演神经学上的，intelligent就扮演神经不正常的！至于intellec

6、tive，它不叫Intellect的名词形容化，它纯粹是语法上为了让Intellect后面可以接名词，比如说大量术语上需要用到的科学名词，举个很典型的例子：intellective Control 智能控制 很单纯的名词，没有任何特别强调的意思！intellectual Control 不单纯了，这个控制有了智能性质，叫展示智慧的控制！intelligent Control 不单纯了，这个控制好有智慧，叫做非常聪明的控制！clever表示“聪明；灵巧”时，指人或动物的脑子灵活；指做成的事物时，常含有巧妙的意思；clever是一个常用词，用得最广。例如： People love to see t

7、he clever monkey.人们爱看这只聪明的猴子。 That is a clever plan.那是个巧妙的计划。 smart与clever同义，但更强调顽皮的一面。例如： You cannot cheat him because he is a smart boy.你骗不了他，因为他是个聪明的男孩 。 bright意为“聪明；思路敏捷”，它多用来指年轻人或小孩，常用于口语中。例如: She is really a bright little girl.她真是一个聪明的小姑娘。 The bright boy is reading English in the bright room.这

8、个聪明伶俐的男孩在明亮的房间里读英语。ignorant、illiterate、uneducated、unlearnedIgnorant it implies a lack of knowledge,either generally or on some particular subject hes uneducated enough not to be your secrtaryunlearned,it suggest a lack of learning,esp in a specical flied he was unlearned in the ways of the world.(他不

9、通晓人情世故） a lawyer is not unlearned profession(律师是一个需要学问的职业）Illiterate: It implies a lack of formal or systematic educationuneducated没有受教育的，没有学问的He is unscoff、sneer、jeer、gibe、floutscoffspeaking slightly and with derision of sth usually accorded honor，reverence or respect by other he scoffs an advice g

10、iven by his elders（他对长辈的劝告总是冷嘲热讽） those who scoff history will be scoffed by history（嘲弄历史的人们必将被历史嘲弄）sneer带有强烈的感情色彩，侧重于面部表情或言语中所含的轻蔑嘲笑之意）sneer carries a much stronger feeling, as by a derision smile scornful insinuating tone of voice its very discouraging to be sneered at al the timegibe不带恶意的取笑或捉弄人的笑

11、骂 it implies a taunting or mocking without illwill my brother gibed at my efforts to paint a picture its unkind to gibe at anothers Englishjeer 侧重指用粗鲁的，侮辱性的言辞或粗俗的嘲笑来表示轻视it suggests openly insulting,coarse remarks or mocking laughter. the crowd jeered at the prisoners dont jeer at the mistake or misf

12、ortunes of othersflout以不理不睬或视而不见的态度表示出轻蔑 it suggests a treating with contempt she flouted my offers of help and friendship英语中14种笑的区别英语中表达笑的词汇相当丰富，有不少动词本身就是含有特定意义的笑，你是不是都知道？下面是英语中关于“笑”的词汇，其中Smile和Laugh是最常用的笑，除此外还有一些词汇表示各种各样的笑：1.Smile微笑Smile是微笑，也是最常用的笑，它常给人留下美好的印象：giveasoftsmile莞尔一笑，giveacharmingsmile

13、嫣然一笑，giveafaintsmile是淡淡一笑，giveafalse/craftysmile是皮笑肉不笑的假笑。满面笑容是smilefromeartoear，笑容可掬是beradiantwithsmile，苦笑叫forceasmile，强颜欢笑是squeezeasmile，满脸堆笑是conjureupasmile，他眉开眼笑就是Hisfacemeltsinsmiles.shesmiledprettilyassheacceptedtheflowers她在接受鲜花时，笑得真迷人。2.Laugh笑Laugh常表示出声的笑，其程度要大于smile：哈哈大笑laughheartily，大声狂笑hor

14、selaugh，傻笑是laughfoolishly，狞笑是laughgrimly，暗中窃笑称laughinonesleeve/sbeard，笑掉大牙是laughonesheadoff，笑声阵起是burstintolaughterThejokesmadeeverybodylaugh.那些笑话逗得人人发笑。Helaughsbestwholaughslast.谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。3.Giggle格格地笑；傻笑IheardthemgigglewhenIpassedbythegirls.我走过那些女孩子身边时，听见她们格格地笑。4.Grin露齿而笑Shewasgrinningwithdelight.

15、她高兴得咧开嘴笑了。5.Chuckle含笑，轻声笑Hewaschucklingtohimselfoverwhathewasreading.他对自己在读的东西，暗自发笑。6.Snicker忍笑；暗笑（通常有不敬的成分）Onhearinghisabsurdopinion,Iwentsnickering.听了他荒谬的意见，我忍不住笑着走开了。7.Roar哄笑；大笑Hisjokessetthetableinaroar.他的笑语使满座哄堂大笑。Theyroaredwithlaughter.他们轰然大笑。8.Simper假笑；痴笑，傻笑WhenItoldhimthatnews,hesimplysimper

16、ed.当我把那消息告诉他时，他只假笑了一下。9.Cachinnate放声大笑Hecachinnatedtillhissidesached.他笑得肚皮都痛了。10.Chortle欢笑；哈哈大笑Thechildrenchortledallthetimewhiletheywerehearingthestory.孩子们听那个故事时，始终欢笑不止。11.Deride讥笑Theyallderidedhisfoolishness.他们都讥笑他的愚笨。12.Taunt嘲笑Hetauntedmebeyondendurance.他的嘲笑我不能忍受。13.Horselaugh纵声大笑（如马嘶一般）Heburstou

17、tintoahorselaugh.他忽然高声狂笑。14.Guffaw大笑；捧腹大笑Whathesaidarousedablastofguffaw.他的话引起大家一阵哄笑。今天你笑了没有？希望你有欢快喜悦的笑容。英语中“笑”的表达smile微笑,laugh笑,giggle哈哈笑chuckle吃吃笑snigger吃吃竊笑grin咧嘴笑,smirk傻笑,sneer嘲笑讥笑,cackle咯咯大笑,snicker暗笑偷笑glisten、glitter、flash、shimmer、sparkleGlitter :to shine brightly with flashing points of light

18、=sparkle;to shine brightly with little flashes of light,like a diamond sparkle 例：the ceiling of the cathedral glittered with gold;the river glittered in the sunlight . glitter一听就比 glint gleam glimmer 等感觉要好，“阳(#)Glisten: to shine and look wet or oily;if something glistens,usually because it is wet or

19、 oily 例:her eyes were glistening with tears: swert glistened on his forehead;the road glistened wet after the rain:the boys back was glistening with sweat;glistning black hair. 这个词非常浪漫，非常美，往往与水、油等有关。发出的光令人感觉到湿漉漉的或者油亮油亮的。第1个例句非常棒，女孩珠泪莹然，楚楚动人的样子，还有美女出浴之后，头发湿湿的，在灯光下就是glistening的感觉。此处glistende with tear

20、s 就是那种“闪着眼泪花的感觉”；后句“他的额头渗出了汗珠”，下一句是“雨后路面湿得发亮” 。Flash：to shine suddenly and brightly for a short time,or to make something shine in this way;if a light flashes or if you flash a light,it shines with a sudden bright light,especially as quick,regular flashes of light 例：lightning flshed overhead. flsh是快

21、速地发出强光，意为“闪光”，是闪光一族的普通意义，后文还有多个闪光词汇。shimmer:to shine with a soft light that looks as if it shakes slightly;to shine with soft light that seems to move slihtly 例：the sea was shimmering in the sunlight;te lake shimmered in the moonlight. 这个词超级浪漫，其浪漫程度与gliste有过之而无不及。它特指在光线的照耀下物体感觉在轻微晃动，如：月光下湖面平滑如镜，微风吹过

22、，湖面荡起了一阵涟漪，远远望去，整个湖水都在月光下摇曳起来，这就是shimmering的效果。sparkle：to shine in small bright flahes;to shine brightly with small flashes of light;if something sparkles,it is clear and bright and shines with a lot of very small points of light. 例：sparkling eyes:her jewellery sparkle in the candle light;the sea sp

23、arkled in the sun;the crystal chandelier sparkled. 这是“发火光，闪耀”之意，特指星星点点的闪光，比如春节放烟火时，夜空中盛开的各式焰火图案就可以称作sparkling fireworks patterns，区别于glow，glitter等，特指“数量多”faithful、loyal、constant、staunch、resolutefaithful 指出于对个人荣誉、友谊或爱情等的珍惜而体现出的信义和忠诚，如afaithful wife（忠实的妻子）loyal 则指因受道德良心或正义感。责任感的驱使而对某人、某项事业或某个组织表现出坚定不移的耿耿忠心，如aloyal friend（忠实可靠的朋友）constant 一般指爱情或事业上的用心专一，不见异思迁，朝秦暮楚，如a constant lover（用情专一的情人）staunch（或stanch）指为维护某种原则或信念而表现出毫不动摇的意志和决心，如a staunch defender of the truth（真理的坚决捍卫者） always loyal in supporting a person, organization or set of beliefs or opinions