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1、关于有机化学第十章醛和酮第1页,此课件共79页哦RCHORCRORCHOArCHORCROArCROCCH(R)OC 第2页,此课件共79页哦CHOOOOCHOH3COO第3页,此课件共79页哦CHOCHOOHOCHOCH3OPhOPh第4页,此课件共79页哦RCCHH2OHg+RCOCH3CCHHCCHM(M=Na,MgX 等等)RXCCRHCH3CROCCRRH2OHg+H2OHg+CH2RCRORCRORCROHCCHH2OHg+RCROHCCH3O(1)(2)H2O第5页,此课件共79页哦RCH2OHRCHCrO3PyridineORCHROHRCROAlOC(CH3)33 /CH3C
2、CH3OCrO3/H2SO4CrO3Pyridine第6页,此课件共79页哦R1R2R1R2OOOCCH2R1R2CR1R2O+KMnO4CO2CCR1R2R3HOCR3HCR1R2O+(1)O3(2)Zn/H2OOCR3OHCR1R2O+KMnO4第7页,此课件共79页哦ArHCOorAlCl3ArCORClRCOORCROCOOHRHF or PPAArHAlCl3,CuCl,ArCOHCO/HCl(干干燥燥)第8页,此课件共79页哦RCOHOSOCl2LiAlH4+3 t-BuOH醚醚RCClORCHOH2/Pd,硫硫-喹喹啉啉(或或硫硫-脲脲)LiAlH(OBu-t)3第9页,此课件共
3、79页哦LiAlH4LiAlH2(OR)2LiAlH(OBu-t)3RCXORCOHRCXORCOHRCH2OHHH选择性好选择性差第10页,此课件共79页哦RCClORCROR2CuLiR2CuLior R2CdNo Reactionor R2CdRCClORCORRMgXRCOHRRRMgX第11页,此课件共79页哦R2CR1CH(R)OH BR2CR1CH(R)OHR2CR1CH(R)O 第12页,此课件共79页哦RCHO2 ROHRCHORORH+RCHOH2 ROHNo ReactionCOH+COHCOH 第13页,此课件共79页哦NuNuHR RMgBr,RLiR CCR CCM
4、gBr,R CCNaHLiAlH4,NaBH4CNHO3SNaHSO3NaCNH2NR,HNR2HORH2O第14页,此课件共79页哦CONuCONuCOHNuRMgBr,RLi,R CCMgBrR CCNaLiAlH4,NaBH4H2ONu,CONuCONuCOHNuNaHSO3NaCN,H2ONu第15页,此课件共79页哦COCOMgXRCOHRH2ORMgXRMgXH2OCH2OHRCH2ORCHORMgXH2OCHROHRRMgXH2OCROHRCRORR第16页,此课件共79页哦CCOHCCRCOHCCRCCOHCCH3OCCH3OCHHCR=HH2Lindlar催催化化剂剂H2O/
5、Hg+Na/NH3炔基醇HHCOHCCRHHH+COHCOCCR(H)MCCR(H)H2OM=Na,K,MgX等等第17页,此课件共79页哦LiAlH4H2OCH2OHRRCHOCHROHRCRORor NaBH4LiAlH4or NaBH4H2O第18页,此课件共79页哦COCOHCNHCN/NaOH(微微量量)或或 NaCN/H2SO4(滴滴入入)HCNOH+CN+H2OCOCNCOCNHCOHCNCN+CN第19页,此课件共79页哦CCOHCNHH+CCOHCOOHH95%H2SO4CCCOOHCCOHCNNaOHHH2OCNH2CNCNH2COOHCONaCNNH4ClH2O/H+or
6、 OH第20页,此课件共79页哦2.5 与NaHSO3 加成反应可逆HOSOOHOSOOCOCSO3HONaNaHSO3CSO3NaOHH+第21页,此课件共79页哦第22页,此课件共79页哦RCH(R)OHR2.H2O1.RMgXRC(R)HOHCCRMCCRRCH(R)OHHLiAlH4or NaBH4RCH(R)ORCH(R)OHCNHCN/NaOHRCSO3HONaH(R)NaHSO31.1.2.H2O2.H2O第23页,此课件共79页哦COCONuHNuH OHORHHHNHRNR2HNuH可逆结论:难直接与羰基加成第24页,此课件共79页哦COH+COHHNuCOHNuHHHCOH
7、NuCOHNuCOHOHCOHORCOHNHR第25页,此课件共79页哦COH+COHOHH2O+第26页,此课件共79页哦COCOHORCORORROH/干HClROH/干HCl H2O+CHOHClOCH3OCH3OHOOHTsOHOO H2O+H2O+2 CH3OH第27页,此课件共79页哦HCOHCOCOHROHHHCOHORHHCOH2ORCORHHCORORHCORORHORHORH2O亲电性增强第28页,此课件共79页哦H3CC(CH2)2OCH3CCH3OHH3CC(CH2)2OMgBr+H3CCCH3O分子内羰基将参与反应,应先保护。H3CC(CH2)2OBrH3CC(CH2
8、)2OCH3CCH3OH第29页,此课件共79页哦H+MgOHOH(1)(2)H2OH2OH+RC(CH2)2CH3CCH3OHOOH3CC(CH2)2OBrH3CC(CH2)2OOBrH3CC(CH2)2OOMgBrH3CCCH3OH3CC(CH2)2OCH3CCH3OH无无水水乙乙醚醚+OHOH醚键,碱性条件下稳定缩酮水解,除去保护第30页,此课件共79页哦OHHOOHOHOORCClOEt3N(碱)OCROCH3CCH3OHClH2OH+OOOCROHOOHRCClO第31页,此课件共79页哦RCRORCR干HCl H2O+HSSH+SSRCRSSRaney NiRCRHHH2RCROH
9、SSH干HCl第32页,此课件共79页哦+苯CH3NH2CHOCH3CHN+H3CCCH3O+CH3CH2CH2NH2HClH3CCH3CNCH2CH2CH3+H2OH2OHCO+H2OCNR+H2NR第33页,此课件共79页哦HCOHCOHCOHNH2RCOHNHRHCNHRCOH2NHRCNRH2OHH2NR第34页,此课件共79页哦CNOHH2NOHCNH2NHN C NH2ONH C NH2OCO+CNNHRH2NNHRCNNHH2NHNO2NNO2O2NNO2HHHH+H2O+H2O+H2O+H2O第35页,此课件共79页哦O+NHOTsOH甲甲 苯苯NHNOCHO+N+H2O+H2
10、OK2CO3+H2OCR(H)ORR(H)NR+HNR2RRH 位有氢第36页,此课件共79页哦HCH2RCOHCH2RCOHNHR2H2OHNR2CH2RCOHCH2RCOHNR2CH2RCOH2NR2HCHRCNR2HHCH2RCNR2第37页,此课件共79页哦CN OHH2/NiCH NH2或 LiAH4CN NH2H2/NiCN RH2/NiCH NH RCOH2N OHH2N NH2RNH2第38页,此课件共79页哦CNRRLiH2OCNHRRor RMgXCH2RCHNR2OH+CHRCNRRH2Pd/CCH2RCNRRH第39页,此课件共79页哦主要内容:醛酮的化学性质()醛酮的
11、还原反应 醛酮的氧化反应 Cannizzaro反应第40页,此课件共79页哦COCHOHCOCH2HH第41页,此课件共79页哦1.LiAlH4CHROHR(H)CROR(H)or NaBH42.H2O1.B2H6/THF2.H2O第42页,此课件共79页哦H2(0.3MPa)PtCROR(H)CHROHR(H)第43页,此课件共79页哦(i-PrO)3AlCH3CHOHCH3(过过量量)CROR(H)CHROHR(H)第44页,此课件共79页哦Na or LiCROR(H)CHROHR(H)RCOHRRCOHRRCRO2Mg(Hg)第45页,此课件共79页哦适用于对酸稳定的体系RCR(H)O
12、RCH2R(H)Zn(Hg)HClAr HCClROAlCl3ArCROZn(Hg)HClArCH2R第46页,此课件共79页哦(Huang-Minlon modification)RCRORCH2RNH2-NH2,Na 200oCN2+适用于对碱稳定的体系NH2-NH2,NaOH(HOCH2CH2)2O,RCRORCH2RN2+第47页,此课件共79页哦RCOHOORCHORCHORCONH4O2 Ag(NH3)2OH+2 AgRCONaO+Cu2OCu(OH)2/NaOH第48页,此课件共79页哦第49页,此课件共79页哦产物复杂,合成应用意义不大R1COHOR1CH2CCH2R2OCCH
13、2R2OHOR1CH2COOHCR2OHO强强氧氧化化剂剂+O浓浓 HNO3COOHCOOH有合成意义第50页,此课件共79页哦Baeyer-Villiger反应R1CR2ORCOOHOR1COR2OR1OCR2OCOOHOH3CCOOHOF3CCOOHOCOOHO(MCPBA)Cl第51页,此课件共79页哦OCOOOHH3CCOOEtH3COO己己内内酯酯HOCOOH(1)OH(2)H2O/H+第52页,此课件共79页哦RCH浓浓 OHORCOORCH2OH+H+RCOOH+RCHO例:CHO2CH2OHCOOHOHOCHOOCH2OHOCOOH2OH第53页,此课件共79页哦产物复杂,一般
14、无合成意义R1CH浓OHOR1COOR2CH2OHR2CHO+R2COOR1CH2OH+R CH浓OHOHCOORCH2OHCH2O+第54页,此课件共79页哦R CHOHCOORCH2OHCH2O+OHCH3CHOOHCCH2OHCH2OHHOH2CCHOCH2OCCH2OHCH2OHHOH2CCH2OHOH3 CH2O羟醛缩合Cannizzaro反应第55页,此课件共79页哦第56页,此课件共79页哦CHRCROHCHRCROHBCHRCROCHRCRO第57页,此课件共79页哦CHRCROCHRCROCHRCRO E+CHRCROCHRCROE或或E第58页,此课件共79页哦CHRCRO
15、ECHRCROECHRCROHB:XXRXCODOD CHRCRODCHRCROXCHRCRORCHRCROCOH E第59页,此课件共79页哦CCOR(H)D2O/DOCCOR(H)HDH2O/HOCCOODDOCCOHCCODD-HOD+DOOCH3OD /D2O(过过量量)OCH3DDD第60页,此课件共79页哦CCOCCOHCCOXXOHXCCOHX2,OHX=Cl,Br,ICCOX第61页,此课件共79页哦CCORCCOHCCORXCCOSi(CH3)3(1)碱碱(2)ClSi(CH3)3强强碱碱CH3Li低低温温动动力力学学控控制制第62页,此课件共79页哦CCOH+COCCOCO
16、HOHCCOCorH2CCHOH+H3CCHOCH2CHOCHOHH3COH第63页,此课件共79页哦CCOHHCCOHCOHCOHCCOCCH2or2HH-H2O第64页,此课件共79页哦CH3CH2CH2CHO2KOHCH3CH2CH2CHCHCHOHOC2H5C7H15CHO2NaOEtC7H15CHCCHC6H13OCH3CH3OOKOHCH3OCH3OHCH3OCH3-H2O第65页,此课件共79页哦CCOCCOHHHCCOHCBCOOHBCCOHCHOBCCOC OHCCOCHO第66页,此课件共79页哦R2OR1OHR4OR3+R2OR1R3OHR4R4OR3R1OHR2R2OR
17、1R3R4R4OR3R1R2第67页,此课件共79页哦PhC HO+H3CCCH2CH3ONaOHCCCCH2CH3OHPhHPhC HO+H3CCPhONaOHCCCPhOHPhHH2CO3+H3CCHONaOHCCHOHOH2CHOH2CHOH2C第68页,此课件共79页哦第69页,此课件共79页哦CCHCOHOHCCCOHn 氧氧化化还还原原CCHCOOCCHCHOHHOHCCHCOHOH第70页,此课件共79页哦CCCO还还原原CHCHCOCCCOHCHCHCOHHHRMgXCCCOHR第71页,此课件共79页哦CH3CH2CH2CHOCH3CH2CH2CHC2H5CCOOHOCH3CH2CH2CHC2H5CCOOHOCH3CH2CH2CHC2H5CCOOHCH3CH2CH2CHC2H5CCHOCH3CH2CH2CHC2H5CH2CHOO+第72页,此课件共79页哦KOH2Ag(NH3)2OHCH3CH2CH2CHC2H5CCOOHRCO3HCH3CH2CH2CHC2H5CCOOHOCH3CH2CH2CHOCH3CH2CH2CHC2H5CCHO第73页,此课件共79页哦第74页,此课件共79页哦第75页,此课件共79页哦第76页,此课件共79页哦第77页,此课件共79页哦第78页,此课件共79页哦感谢大家观看第79页,此课件共79页哦
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