英语词性及句子成分.ppt

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1、关于英语词性及句子成分现在学习的是第1页，共73页复习：词性词性根据词的特点我们把词划分为名词、名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、冠词等。、连词、冠词等。现在学习的是第2页，共73页词类词类作作 用用例例 词词1.（n.）名名 词词表示人或事表示人或事物的名称。物的名称。I bought a book.She is a student.2.(pron.）代词代词代替名词、代替名词、数词等。数词等。This is my friend.He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him.Parts of Sp

2、each现在学习的是第3页，共73页3.（adj.）形容词形容词表示人或表示人或事物的特事物的特征或性状。征或性状。He is small but he is clever.The red pen is useful for the teacher.He painted the wall white yesterday.现在学习的是第4页，共73页4.(num.）数词数词表示数表示数目或顺目或顺序。序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.5.（v.）动动 词词表示动表示动作或状作或状态。态。We are

3、 working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.现在学习的是第5页，共73页6.（adv.）副副 词词表示动作表示动作的特征或的特征或性状特征。性状特征。I like English very much.The teacher treats us kindly.The train goes fast.He seldom comes to see us.7.(prep.）介介 词词表示名词、表示名词、代词和其代词和其他词之间他词之间的关系。的关系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.现在学习的是第6页，

4、共73页8.（conj.）连词连词连接词与词连接词与词或句与句的或句与句的作用。作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends.Two or three of us can dance well but I cant.9.(interj.）感叹词感叹词表示强烈的表示强烈的感情感情Oh!How beautiful the scene is!What a good idea!Goodness!10.（art.）冠词冠词用来限制名用来限制名词的意义词的意义I have a pet dog.The dog is very lovely

5、.He is an old man but very strong.现在学习的是第7页，共73页1.名词名词 表示人和事物的名称。学校 寒假 圣诞节 城市 猫咪 书本 李白 友谊 school winter vacation Christmas city cat book Li Bai friendship现在学习的是第8页，共73页 专有名词专有名词 eg:Women in Love,James,the Alps 普通名词普通名词注意：可数名词（注意：可数名词（cn.）不可数名词（不可数名词（un.）eg:advice,baggage,furniture,homework,informati

6、on,knowledge,luggage,money,news,progress（名词的数与格）（名词的数与格）现在学习的是第9页，共73页refuseschool/visit/writeart America/musicpaint/build/write/learn/feelact/dicide/solvepure/real/majorrefusalscholar/visitor/writerartistAmerican/musicianpainting/building/writing etc.action/decision/solutionpurity/reality/majority现

7、在学习的是第10页，共73页treat/move/judge/punish/argue/developkind/tired/darkdeep/long/strong/true/wide/warm/growtreatment/movement/judgment/punishment/argument/developmentkindness/tiredness/darknessdepth/length/strength/width/truth/warmth/growth现在学习的是第11页，共73页 2.代词代词:代替名词等代替名词等 eg:he his this himself what whe

8、n something etc.人称代词人称代词,物主代词物主代词,指示代词指示代词,反身代词反身代词,疑问疑问代词代词,关系代词关系代词,不定代词不定代词 etc.现在学习的是第12页，共73页 3.形容词形容词：表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征：表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词的词eg:beautiful flowers something important(good better best)现在学习的是第13页，共73页value/move/rely/comfort/reasonnature/nation/traditionabsence/difference/distance/imp

9、ortanceinterest/disappoint/carevaluable/movable/reliable/comfortable/reasonablenatural/national/traditionalabsent/different/distant/importantinteresting/interested/disappointing/disappointed/caring现在学习的是第14页，共73页child/fool/selfact/create/impressbeauty/care/helpvary/danger/couragehome/breath/harmchil

10、dish/foolish/selfishactive/creative/impressivebeautiful/careful/helpfulvarious/dangerous/courageoushomeless/breathless/harmless现在学习的是第15页，共73页 4.数词：数词：表示数目多少(基数词基数词)或顺序多少的词(序数词序数词)eg:two,second(twice,one-third etc.)现在学习的是第16页，共73页5.动词动词:表示动作或者状态表示动作或者状态eg:run,work,sleep按功能：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词实义动词、系动词、

11、助动词、情态动词（eg:sleep remain have can）按形态按形态:原形、第三人称单数、过去式、原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词过去分词、现在分词etc.(时态与语态时态与语态)(eg:do does did done doing)现在学习的是第17页，共73页 时态时态 主动语态主动语态一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时将来完成时will dowould dodo/does

12、didis/am/are doingwas/were doinghas/have donehad donehas/have been doinghad been doing will have done现在学习的是第18页，共73页 时态时态 被动语态被动语态一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时将来完成时will be donewould be doneis/am/are donewas/were done

13、is/am/are being donewas/were being donehas/have been donehad been donewill have been done现在学习的是第19页，共73页 6.副词副词:在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，修修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。、地点、程度、方式等概念。eg:always outside properly very how I like English very much 注意：注意：adj adv（一般直接加（一般直接加,“

14、元元e”去去e加加,“辅辅y”改改i加加,“le”结尾结尾e改改y）现在学习的是第20页，共73页1).直接直接+lycareless,quiet,different,beautiful,careful,recent2).以以le 结尾的形容词去结尾的形容词去e+y terrible terribly possible possibly comfortable comfortably gentle gently simple simply reasonable reasonably probable probably现在学习的是第21页，共73页3).以以e 结尾的结尾的wise wisely

15、 nice nicely polite politely fortunate fortunately close closely immediateimmediately注意：注意：true truly dull dully whole wholly full fully 现在学习的是第22页，共73页4).以以“y”结尾的结尾的,读音为读音为/i/,变变“y”为为“i+ly”eg:happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily;busy-busily 读音为读音为/ai/，直接加直接加ly eg：dry-dryly;sly-slyly;shy-shyly现

16、在学习的是第23页，共73页 5).以以ic结尾的结尾的+ally energetic energetically scientific scientifically public publicly（例外）（例外）现在学习的是第24页，共73页 7.介词：介词：词与词、词与句之间的关系词与词、词与句之间的关系 eg:beside，along，across,throughin front of 现在学习的是第25页，共73页 8.连词连词:连接词与词，短语与短语，句与句连接词与词，短语与短语，句与句 eg:and,but,or,nor,so,as well as,bothand,not only

17、but also,eitheror,neithernor,(and)then when,where,because现在学习的是第26页，共73页 9.感叹词感叹词 Wow!Eh.etc.现在学习的是第27页，共73页 10.冠词冠词eg:the a an /现在学习的是第28页，共73页 But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.(2009)We should consider the (important)of this matter seriously

18、.choiceimportance 被形容词修饰被形容词修饰,用名词用名词被冠词修饰，用名词被冠词修饰，用名词现在学习的是第29页，共73页We felt a great sense of (achieve)when we finally entered the key universities.achievement 作介词作介词of的宾语，用名词的宾语，用名词现在学习的是第30页，共73页 This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their （nature）course.(2008)Mary felt (please),beca

19、use there were many empty seats in the room.naturalpleased用形容词修饰名词用形容词修饰名词作表语用形容词，表人感到怎样，用作表语用形容词，表人感到怎样，用-ed形式形式现在学习的是第31页，共73页 Having sports makes us (health)and strong.healthy 作补语用形容词作补语用形容词现在学习的是第32页，共73页 We drank together and talked （merry）till far into the night.(2007)His teacher took a deep d

20、rink,smiled (warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(2010)merrilywarmly 修饰动词修饰动词 talked 用副词用副词 修饰动词修饰动词 smiled 用副词用副词现在学习的是第33页，共73页 He must be (mental)disabled.(2011)(luck),the hero died in a car accident two years ago.mentallyUnluckily 修饰形容词disabled 用副词 修饰后面整个句子 用副词现在学习的是第34页，

21、共73页The water was simply the container for an act ofkindness and love.Nothing could be_ (sweet).”(2010)But he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”_（high）。）。(2008)sweeterhigher 否定加比较级等最高级，按句意：没有什么比这更否定加比较级等最高级，按句意：没有什么比这更甜的了。甜的了。修饰动词修饰动词 grow 还是用副词，按句意：的确长还是用副词，按句意：的确长得更高了。得更高了。现在学习的是第35页，共73页 Af

22、ter the earthquake many people become_(home).It is (legal)to break into other peoples houses and steal things.homelessillegal 系动词后用形容词，按句意：地震后很多人变系动词后用形容词，按句意：地震后很多人变得无家可归。得无家可归。系动词后用形容词，按句意：闯进别人家偷东系动词后用形容词，按句意：闯进别人家偷东西是违法的。西是违法的。现在学习的是第36页，共73页组成句子的各个部分叫组成句子的各个部分叫句句子成分子成分。英语句子成分主。英语句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、

23、要有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语表语、定语、补语、状语等。等。句子成分现在学习的是第37页，共73页一、主语一、主语主语（主语（subject）：）：句子说明的人或事物。主句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于语一般位于_。1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首现在学习的是第38页，共73页 1.We love China.2.We have finished re

24、ading this book.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired.二、谓语二、谓语谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由_ 充当充当.动词动词现在学习的是第39页，共73页情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.现在学习的是第40页，共73页1）状态系动词：）状态系动词：be(am is are was wer

25、e)He is a teacher.2）持续系动词）持续系动词:keep,remain,stay etc.He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。系动词系动词现在学习的是第41页，共73页3）看起来像）看起来像:seem,appear,look etc.He looks tired.He seems(to be)very sad.4）感官系动词：）感官系动词：feel,smell,sound,tasteThis flower smells very sweet.现在学习的是第42页，共73页5）变化系动词：）变化系动词：beco

26、me,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come etc.He became mad after that.6）终止系动词）终止系动词:prove,turn outThe rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。他的计划终于成功了。现在学习的是第43页，共73页三、宾语三、宾语宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在在_或或_后面后面.1.We study English.2.Our teacher said that he

27、would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。He gave me two books.及物动词及物动词介词介词现在学习的是第44页，共73页表语表语：跟在：跟在系动词后系动词后面的词语或从句面的词语或从句,用来说明用来说明主语的身份主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态.The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful.四、表语四、表语现在学习的是第45页，共73页定语：用来修饰定语：用来修饰_.This is a red car.Th

28、e building is their teaching building.The woman doctor is my wife.I have something to tell you.The man in front of the gate is Mr.Li.Every student has an English book.五、定语五、定语名词名词现在学习的是第46页，共73页状语：状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。步、方向、程度、目的等。六、状语六、状语现在学

29、习的是第47页，共73页John often came to chat with me()As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.()She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.()My father worked in this school ten years ago.()Though he is young,he knows a lot.()He came running.()程度，目的程度，目的地点，伴随地点，伴随地点，时间地点，时间让步让步方式方式原因原因现在学习的是第48页，共73

30、页 补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。特征。七、补语七、补语Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）（宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）（主补）现在学习的是第49页，共73页 同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明 The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、同位语八、同位语现在学习的是第

31、50页，共73页1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is believing.（）6.To see is to believe.（）7.When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.()8.What he needs is a book.（）9.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词

32、不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句是真正的主语现在学习的是第51页，共73页当当不定式、动名词或从句不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语作形式主语置于置于句首句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语？作形式主语？现在学习的是第52页，共73页 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语

33、吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下你懂得翻译下列句子吗？列句子吗？1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.()说谎是错误的。说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。谁要来还不确定。现在学习的是第53页，共73页1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()3.We need two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He began

34、 to learn English a year ago.()6.He did not know what to say.()7.Did you write down what she said?()8.She felt it her duty to take good care of them.()名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语现在学习的是第54页，共73页 He is a teacher.()My idea is this.()She was the first to arr

35、ive.()I feel much better today./I must be off now.()He is out of danger.()The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.()1.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.()名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词现在学习的是第55页，共73页 Its a red car.()They live in the room above.()My brothe

36、r is a teacher.()We belong to the third world.()Lucys father is a poor worker.()Mother made a birthday cake for me.()The man under the tree is my teacher.()1.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother.()形容词形容词副词副词代词代词数词数词名词所有格名词所有格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词现在学习的是第56页，共73页

37、I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.()There are two things to be discussed today.（）Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（）9.This is the very book that I need.（）过去分词过去分词不定式不定式动名词动名词从句从句现在学习的是第57页，共73页He is often late for class.()We saw that picture at th

38、e cinema.()He sat there smoking.()They returned tired and hungry.（）They did everything they could to save the boys life.（）Although he is young,he knows a lot.()The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.()副词，程度副词，程度介词短语，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目的不定式，目的形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句现在学习的是第58页，共73页

39、While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.（）He was angry because we were late(）9.If it rains tomorrow,we wont go out.()时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句现在学习的是第59页，共73页形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定式现在学习的是第60页，共73页英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列

40、句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(complex sentence)现在学习的是第61页，共73页简单句的简单句的五种基本句型五种基本句型现在学习的是第62页，共73页 英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一：（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）现在学习的是第63页，共73页基本句型一 主谓（S+V）S+V She cooks.He is working.What

41、he said does not matter.The pen writes smoothly.现在学习的是第64页，共73页基本句型一 主谓SVShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The pen writes smoothly.现在学习的是第65页，共73页基本句型二 主系表 S+V+P He is happy.Every thing looks nice.His face turned red.现在学习的是第66页，共73页基本句型二 主系表SVPHeishappy.Everything looksnice.His facetur

42、nedred.现在学习的是第67页，共73页基本句型三 主谓宾 S+V+O We study English everyday.They are playing football.He enjoys reading.She said“Good morning.”现在学习的是第68页，共73页基本句型三 主谓宾SVOWeTheyHeShestudyare playingenjoyssaidEnglish everyday.football.reading.“Good morning.”现在学习的是第69页，共73页基本句型四 SV（及物）（及物）O（多指人多指人）O（多指物）多指物）I give

43、 him a book.My mother bought me a pen yesterday.I showed him my picture.现在学习的是第70页，共73页基本句型四SV（及物）（及物）OOIgivehima book.My mother boughtmea pen yesterday.Ishowedhimmy picture.现在学习的是第71页，共73页基本句型五 S+V（及物）（及物）+O(宾语宾语)+C（宾补）（宾补）We must keep the door open.The news makes me happy.We call him Jim.He told me to wash the plates.I saw a thief going into your room.现在学习的是第72页，共73页感谢大家观看感谢大家观看现在学习的是第73页，共73页