最全小升初英语语法时态讲稿.ppt

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1、关于最全小升初英语语法时态第一页，讲稿共一百零五页哦一、名词名词名词具体名词具体名词抽象名词抽象名词普通名词普通名词专有名词专有名词个体名词个体名词集体名词集体名词名词名词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词单数单数复数复数第二页，讲稿共一百零五页哦英语语法中，名词有两种数的形式：英语语法中，名词有两种数的形式：1）单）单数（表示一个人或事物）；数（表示一个人或事物）；2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。只）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。只有可数名词才有复数形式。有可数名词才有复数形式。名词的数：名词的数：第三页，讲稿共一百零五页哦名词复数形式的构成名词复数形式的构成形式形式变化规则变化规则发音

2、发音例词例词一般情况一般情况+s1.清辅音结尾的名词后清辅音结尾的名词后s2.浊辅音结尾的名词后浊辅音结尾的名词后z；3.元音结尾的名词后元音结尾的名词后z;books,cups,catsdogs,birds,armsdays,players以以-s,-sh,-ch,-x,-z结尾的名词结尾的名词+esizbuses,brushes,boxes,watches,大多数以大多数以-o结结尾的名词尾的名词+esztomatoes,potatoes以元音字母加以元音字母加o结尾的名词结尾的名词+szradios,pianos以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的名词结尾的名词把把y改成改成i再再加加esz

3、stories,families,babies以以f和和fe结尾的结尾的大多数名词大多数名词把把f或或fe改改成成v再加再加eszthieves,knives不规则名词的复数不规则名词的复数由元音字母的变化构成：由元音字母的变化构成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是但也可以是fishes)有些名词变成复数时加有些名词变成复数时加-en:child-children,ox-oxen第四页，讲稿共一百零五页哦所

4、有格所有格所有格的形式所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加单数人称名词末尾加 schild-childs以以-s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加结尾的单数人称名词末尾加swaitress-waitresss不规则的复数人称名词末尾加不规则的复数人称名词末尾加schildren-childrens以以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加结尾的复数人称名词末尾加girls-girls以以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加结尾的一些人名末尾加sJames-Jamess下列情况一般用下列情况一般用“of”结构：结构：东西东西(没有现成的复合名词时没有现成的复合名词时):the book of the film2.东西的一部分东西的一

5、部分:the bottom of the box3.抽象的概念抽象的概念:the price of success4.当当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?双重双重 s结构也可以用于结构也可以用于“of”结构之后，如：结构之后，如：a friend of my fathers,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：词，又如：this son of mine,a friend of yours

6、,a cousin of hers等等。等等。Isnt Frank a friend of yours?That silly uncle of Toms has told me the same Joke five times.第五页，讲稿共一百零五页哦Practisepeach_ 2.zoo _3.glass _4.fox _5.lady _6.policewoman _7.house _8.photo _9.monkey _10.wife _11.rose _12.path _13.judge _14.map _peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewome

7、nhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps第六页，讲稿共一百零五页哦二、代词主格：I we you she he it they宾格：me us you her him it them形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their名词性物主代词：mine ours yours hers his its theirs 第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称后跟名词后跟名词能够在句子中独立作主语能够在句子中独立作主语、宾语或表语、宾语或表语 主格主格一般放在句前，一般放在句前，宾格宾格一般放在一般放在动词动词或

8、者或者介词介词后面后面第七页，讲稿共一百零五页哦Practise_(他)is my brother.2.I had a letter from _(她).3.Its all right;its only _(我).4.Today _(我们)went in _(我们的)car;tomorrow _(我们)are going in _(他们的).5._(我)lend _(我的)books gladly to _(我的)friends and to _(你的).6.Can you help _(我)with _(我的)English.7.When _(你)go to see _(你的)father,

9、please take these books to _(他).8._(他们)found _(它)difficult to learn German.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit第八页，讲稿共一百零五页哦冠词不定冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前只能用于单数可数名词之前单数可数名词单数可数名词复数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词不可数名词零冠词名词前可不用冠词名词前可不用冠词三、冠词三、冠词第九页，讲稿共一百零五页哦不定冠词的用法：不定冠词的用法：表示表示“一一”，“任何一个任何一个”或或“不管哪

10、一个不管哪一个”的意思。的意思。I have a sister and two brothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：在某些度量表示法中：We have PE lessons three times a week.3.用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。George wants to be an engineer.4.在以在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。What a pretty girl!5.一些常用短语中。一些常用短语中。have a good time,half a

11、n hour,have a headache.第十页，讲稿共一百零五页哦定冠词的用法：定冠词的用法：用来表示用来表示“独一无二独一无二”的意思。的意思。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2.表示表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。There is a boat in the river.The boat is made of wood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。the letter from America,the fourteenth of April4

12、.用在泛指的乐器名词前。用在泛指的乐器名词前。He plays the piano.5.一些常用短语。一些常用短语。by the way,in the morning,Whats the matter?第十一页，讲稿共一百零五页哦零冠词的用法：零冠词的用法：泛指的抽象名词前。泛指的抽象名词前。Life is very hard for some people.2.泛指的物质名词前。泛指的物质名词前。Water is very useful.3.泛指的复数名词前。泛指的复数名词前。Books are my best friends.4.泛指的泛指的“餐餐”名前。名前。Come to have d

13、inner/breakfast with me.5.大多数的专有名词前。大多数的专有名词前。He comes from France.6.语言的名词前。语言的名词前。She can speak French.7.在季节和节日的名词前。在季节和节日的名词前。Winter is the best time for skating.8.当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。My brother is a soldier.9.在体育项目的名词前。在体育项目的名词前。play basketball10.一些常用短语。一些常用短语。at home,go to school,at nigh

14、t第十二页，讲稿共一百零五页哦四、动词四、动词 动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。态、语态、语气等形式的变化。小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词动词、情态动词、情态动词can等。等。第十三页，讲稿共一百零五页哦Be动词am,is,arewas,werebeen第十四页，讲稿共一百零五页哦Practise1.He _ very good at English.2.My father and I _ going to Beijing next month.3._ you

15、on duty the day before yesterday?4.Mr.King _ in London two weeks ago.5.There _ many kinds of animals in the zoo.6.What _ the date yesterday?7.Look!A little girl _ flying a kite.8.Who _ not at school last Monday?9.Have you ever _ to Japan?10.I _ not a nurse.I work as a doctor.isareWerewasarewasiswasb

16、eenam第十五页，讲稿共一百零五页哦动词的基本形式原形第三人称单数现在式过去式过去分词现在分词studystudiesstudiedstudiedstudyingdodoesdiddonedoinghavehashadhadhavinglearnlearnslearned/learntlearned/learntlearning第十六页，讲稿共一百零五页哦第三人称单数现在式情况情况变化规则变化规则例词例词一般情况一般情况+sworks,learns,eats,needs,says结尾为结尾为s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses,washes,teaches,goes,fixes结尾为辅音

17、结尾为辅音字母字母+y变y为i+escarries,studies,flies,hurries,cries 动词动词be和和have的第三人称单数现在式分别的第三人称单数现在式分别是是is和和has。第十七页，讲稿共一百零五页哦动词的过去式 构成构成例词读音例词读音在动词后在动词后加加ed在以在以e结尾结尾的动词后的动词后加加ed在以辅音字母加在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词后，结尾的动词后，先变先变y为为i再加再加ed在重读闭音节或在重读闭音节或r音节音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，须双写这个音字母时，须双写这个辅音字母再加辅音字母再加ed在清辅音后读在清辅音后读tlooke

18、dwashedpassedhopedlikedstoppeddropped在元音和浊辅音在元音和浊辅音后读后读dstayedcalledlivedstudiedtriedcarriedplannedpreferred在辅音在辅音t、d后后读读idtastedneededadmittedpermitted第十八页，讲稿共一百零五页哦现在分词情况情况变化规则变化规则例词例词一般情况一般情况+ingdoing,asking,helping以不发音的以不发音的e结尾结尾的动词的动词去去e加加inghaving,taking,writing,living以重读闭音节结尾以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅而

19、末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词音字母的动词双写最后一个辅音双写最后一个辅音字母，再加字母，再加ingrunning,swimming,putting,sitting第十九页，讲稿共一百零五页哦原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现在分词have givegetread sweepplay carry hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractise第二十页，讲稿共一百零五页哦五、动词的时态动词时态是表示动作或

20、状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。小学阶段所学的时态有：小学阶段所学的时态有：一般现在时：work/works2.现在进行时：am/is/are working3.一般将来时：am/is/are going to work4.一般过去时：worked第二十一页，讲稿共一百零五页哦第二十二页，讲稿共一百零五页哦always usually often sometimes neverI/You /We /TheyHe/She/It+do(动词原形动词原形)+does(第三人称单数第三人称单数）1.+s e.g.plays

21、 visits 2.+es(以以o,ch,sh,s,x结结 尾尾）e.g.goes watches washes kisses fixes3.以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的结尾的去去y变变i+es e.g.fly-flies4.不规则变化不规则变化e.g.have-has 第二十三页，讲稿共一百零五页哦now/look /listenIWe/You/TheyHe/She/Itamareis+doing+ing e.g.doing2.末尾只有一个辅音字末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节要母的重读闭音节要双写双写最后一个字母最后一个字母+ing e.g.swimming running gettin

22、g3.以哑巴以哑巴e结尾，要结尾，要去去e再再+ing e.g.write-writing take-taking第二十四页，讲稿共一百零五页哦tomorrow/the day after tomorrow/next week/next month/next year.I We/You/TheyHe/She/Itamare is going to doI/We/You/They/He/She/It +will do第二十五页，讲稿共一百零五页哦yesterday/the day before yesterday/three days ago/one month ago/last year/la

23、st month/last night/yesterday eveningI/We/You/They He/She/It+did1.+ed e.g.played2.以以e结尾结尾+d e.g.danced 3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节要双写最后一个字母读闭音节要双写最后一个字母+ed e.g.stopped4.以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的将结尾的将y变变i+ed e.g.fly-flied 5.不规则不规则 e.g.do-did go-went take-took第二十六页，讲稿共一百零五页哦Peter _(play)basketball twice a we

24、ek.2.Do you believe what he _(say)just now?3.Look!The lazy cat _(sleep)in the sofa.4.There _(be)a book and two pens on the desk.5._you _(see)a film tomorrow morning?6.She _(not play)the guitar at the moment.7.What _his father usually _(do)in the evening?8.They _(have)a meeting next week,arent they?9

25、.Both he and I _(be)teachers.10.I _(not feel)very well yesterday.11.He put on his coat and _(go)out.12.Lei Feng often _(help)others and he was helpful.Next Sunday,we _(clean)up the park.14.Hurry!Your mother _(wait)for you at the school gate.Practiseplayssaidis sleepingisAregoing to seeisnt playingdo

26、esdoare going to havearedidnt feelwenthelpsare going to cleanis waiting第二十七页，讲稿共一百零五页哦六、介词六、介词介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。方位介词方位介词in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,

27、near,before,in front of,next to,between时间介词时间介词in,on,at,after,before,fromto,past,between 其它其它of,by,with,into,out of,for,第二十八页，讲稿共一百零五页哦Practise1.Look _ the picture.Its picture_ my school.2.There is a school building _ my school.It has five floors._ the school building,there is a big playground._scho

28、ol,the children always play ball games there.3.My classroom is_ the fifth floor.Its big and clean.4.Miss Li is our class teacher.She comes _ school early every morning.She comes _bicycle.Then she does morning exercises _us.She likes sports.Tomorrow is her birthday.We will make a card _ her.We love h

29、er very much.5.There are some apples _ the tree.6.Wheres your study?Its next _ my bedroom.7.The car _ the tree is Jacks.8.The ball is_ the door,so you cant see it.9._ _ _the house,there are many trees.10.Listen!Someone is knocking _the door.11.There is something wrong _ my computer.atofinNearAfteron

30、tobywithforontounderbehindIn front ofatwith第二十九页，讲稿共一百零五页哦七、数词表示数目的词称为基数词表示数目的词称为基数词表示数目顺序的词称为序数词表示数目顺序的词称为序数词112的基数词的基数词：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve1319的基数词：的基数词：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen2090的基数词：的基数词：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,s

31、ixty,seventy,eighty,ninety2129的基数：的基数：twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-nine thirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven.-teen-ty十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号“-”第三十页，讲稿共一百零五页哦2.百位数百位数：one hundred,two hundred,three hundred,four hundredfive

32、 hundred and eight-six,six hundred and ninety-nine,seven hundred and eight,eight hundred and one3.千位数千位数：one thousand,four thousand,seven thousand one hundred and five百位数和十位数之间加百位数和十位数之间加and。注意注意 英语中没有英语中没有“万万”这个单位，所以常用这个单位，所以常用thousand来表示。来表示。ten thousand,thirty thousand,fifteen thousand one hundre

33、d,five hundred and one thousand four hundred and thirty-two第三十一页，讲稿共一百零五页哦英语序数词第英语序数词第1-19除了除了first,second与与third有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后缀缀-th构成。构成。注意：注意：fifth,eighth,ninth和和twelfth的拼法。的拼法。2.十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的中的y变为变为i，然后加后缀，然后加后缀-eth,如：如：twentytwentiet

34、h,fortyfortieth3.十位数的序数词如果含有十位数的序数词如果含有1-9的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用“-”连字符。如：连字符。如：twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、万等的序数词由百、千、万等的序数词由hundred,thousand,million等加等加-th,前面加有关的基数词构成。如前面加有关的基数词构成。如：one hundredth,one thousandth 注意：序数词前的注意：序数词前的one不能用不能用a代替。代替。one hundred and twenty-

35、first第三十二页，讲稿共一百零五页哦Practise1.There are _ days in a year.A.three hundreds sixty-five B.three hundreds and sixty-five C.three hundred and sixty-five D.three hundred and sixty five2._people visit this museum every day.A.Hundred B.Hundreds C.Hundred of D.Hundreds of3.There are two_ people in the meetin

36、g room.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred of4._ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A.Thousands of B.Two thousands C.Thousand of D.Two thousand of5.My brother is in_.A.Three Class,One Grade B.Class Three,Grade One C.Grade One,Class Three D.class three,grade one6.We a

37、re going to learn_ this term.A.book six B.six book C.the book six D.Book Six 7.We can say the number 78,645 in English like this_.A.seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B.seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C.seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D.seventy

38、eight thousand six hundred and forty-fiveCDAABDC第三十三页，讲稿共一百零五页哦8.The year 1999 should be read The year_.A.nineteen and ninety-nine B.nineteen ninety-nine C.one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D.nineteen hundred and ninety-nine9.He will come here _ tomorrow morning.A.at fifth B.at ten C.on two

39、D.till tenth 10.Every day he begins to do his homework _.A.at ten past seven B.at seven pass tenC.on ten past seventh D.until ten 11.We all like the_ boy.A.of ten years old B.ten-year-old C.at ten old D.of age of ten 12.There are_ months in a year.December is the _ month of the year.A.twelve;twelve

40、B.twelve;twelfth C.twelfth;twelve D.twelve;twelveth 13.During_ century,the world population has already reached 6 billion.A.twenty B.the twentieth C.twentieth D.the twenty14.Jenny was born_.A.on July 10,1987 B.in July 10,1987 C.in 1987,July 10 D.on 1987,July 10 BBABBBA第三十四页，讲稿共一百零五页哦八、形容词和副词形容词形容词是用

41、来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。副词副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。He is a good student.2.The film is very interesting.3.There is something wrong with the bike.4.Lucy is older than Helen.The problem is very difficult.2.He wrote the letters carefully.1.方式副词：方式副词：carefully,quickly,sudd

42、enly 2.地点副词：地点副词：here,there,up,down3.时间副词：时间副词：yesterday,today,now4.程度副词：程度副词：very,quite,much,just第三十五页，讲稿共一百零五页哦形容词和副词的比较级和最高级情况情况比较级比较级最高级最高级一般情况一般情况+er,如：如：taller,longer,faster,sooner+est,如：如：tallest,longest,fastest,soonest以以e结尾的词结尾的词+r,如：如：later,nicer,larger+st,如：如：latest,nicest,largest以重读闭音节结以重

43、读闭音节结尾的词尾的词双写最后一个字母，再双写最后一个字母，再+er,如如:bigger,fatter双写最后一个字母，再双写最后一个字母，再+est，如：，如：biggest,fattest以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的词结尾的词把把y改为改为i再再+er,如：如：busier,earlier把把y改为改为i再再+est,如：如：busiest,earliest大部分多音节词大部分多音节词在前面加在前面加more,如：如：more careful,more wonderfully在前面加在前面加most,如：如：most careful,most wonderfully不规则的词：不规则的

44、词：good/well,many/much,farbettermorefarther/furtherbestmostfarthest/further第三十六页，讲稿共一百零五页哦比较级的用法1.用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示“比比更更一些一些”的意思的意思，通常用一个由从属连词，通常用一个由从属连词than引导的状语从句来表示和什么相比。为了避免引导的状语从句来表示和什么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：Helen is taller than Lucy.He got more information t

45、han I did.He runs faster than I.2.如果我们要说两个东西在某一方面是一样的，我们就可以用如果我们要说两个东西在某一方面是一样的，我们就可以用“as+形容词形容词/副词副词+as”,形容词不用比较级而用原级。在作否定比较时，可以用形容词不用比较级而用原级。在作否定比较时，可以用not asas,not soas,也可以用也可以用lessthan，如：，如：Jimmy is as tall as his father.I dont write as/so well as Helen.This film is less interesting than that on

46、e.第三十七页，讲稿共一百零五页哦比较级的用法3.为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用“双重比较双重比较”的方法，这的方法，这种结构后面不可跟种结构后面不可跟than引导的比较状语从句。如：引导的比较状语从句。如：He is crying harder and harder.Our country gets more and more beautiful.Computers are getting smaller and smaller,and computing faster and faster.4.表示两个变化是一起发生的，可以把比较级形式和表示两个变化是

47、一起发生的，可以把比较级形式和the一起用，表示一起用，表示“越越，就越，就越”的意思。如：的意思。如：The higher the mountain is,the thinner the air is.The earlier you start,the sooner you will be back.第三十八页，讲稿共一百零五页哦Practise1.Shanghai is _than Beijing.It is _ city in our country.(large)2.Bill isnt as _ as Mike.Tom is _ than Mike.Who is _ of the th

48、ree boys?(old)3.Mary draws as _ as Bill,and she is much _ than him at singing.(well,good)4.Spring is coming.The weather is getting _ and _.(warm)5.Tom,Jon and I bought a computer each last week.Johns computer is much _ than Toms and mine.It is _ of the three.(expensive)6.It is a little _ today than

49、yesterday.(wet)7.Mrs Brown is much _ than she was two years ago.(healthy)8.Which do you like _,basketball,volleyball,or football?(well)largerthe largestoldolderthe oldestwellbetterwarmerwarmermore expensivethe most expensivewetterhealthierbest第三十九页，讲稿共一百零五页哦九、There be 的结构肯定句：肯定句：There is/was a There

50、 are/were 一般疑问句一般疑问句:Is/Was there?Yes,there is/was.No,there isnt/was.Are there?Yes,there are/were.No,there arent/werent.否定句：否定句：There isnt/wasnt.There arent/werent.There be表示表示“存在有存在有”,即当我们告诉某人某事存在即当我们告诉某人某事存在(或不存在或不存在)常用常用这种结构。其中这种结构。其中there是引导词是引导词,本身无词义本身无词义;be为谓语动词为谓语动词,后面跟的后面跟的是名词是名词,也就是主语也就是主语