人教版高中英语必修二Unit4教案.doc

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1、教学内容一Words1. affect v. 影响；侵袭，使感染 affection n. 喜爱；affected adj. 假装的；做作的；【拓展】be affected by被侵袭；被感动He was much affected by the sad news. 这个悲惨的消息使他非常难过。辨析：effect及affecteffect用作名词时，意为“影响，效果”，常用于have an effect on结构中；用作动词时，表示“引起，使发生”。affect用作动词，意为“影响”，常表示消极的影响。用effect，affect的适当形式填空(1)New controls will come

2、 into effect next month.(2)Parents words and actions will affect children greatly.2. contain v. 包含，含有；容纳；控制，抑制 container n.容器；集装箱；货柜The stadium is big enough to contain 100 thousand audience. 这个体育场足够大能容纳10万名观众。I could not contain my laughter. 我控制不住笑出了声。This drink doesnt contain any alcohol. 这种饮料不含任何

3、酒精。辨析：contain，include及holdcontain通常用来指某种容器中盛有某物，装有某物，还指某种物质中含有某成分或含有其他物质。指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。include通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内。在句中常构成分词短语sth. included或including sth.。hold通常指有能力容纳，相当于contain，seat。The bottle contains olives. 瓶子里装着橄榄。The meal includes steak. 这顿饭包括牛排。3. appreciate v. (1) 理解；意识到；领会I dont thin

4、k you appreciate how expensive it will be. 我想你不会了解它会有多贵。(2) 欣赏；重视He appreciates your talents. 他很赏识你的才能。(3) 感激，感谢I would appreciate it if you lent me a hand. 如果你帮一下忙，我将不胜感激。注意： appreciate后不接to do作宾语，但可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 appreciate 通常不用于进行时态中。 appreciate 作“感谢，感激”讲时，后接事或物作宾语（但thank后接人），但不能直接跟从句，必须先接形式宾语it，

5、然后再接从句，构成I would appreciate it if句型。类似的词还有：hate，love，like，dislike等。辨析：appreciate及enjoy易混词组辨析一言辨异appreciate“欣赏，赏识”，指对事物有深入的了解并能鉴赏The foreigner enjoys Beijing Opera very much, although he does not appreciate it. 这个外国人很爱听京剧，虽然他不理解它。enjoy“欣赏，喜爱”，强调从中可以得到乐趣4. succeed v.(1) 成功；（考试）及格搭配：succeed in (doing)

6、sth. 成功地做某事He succeed in (passing) the entrance examination. 他成功地通过了入学考试。(2) 接替；继承；继任搭配：succeed sb. (as) 接替某人（担任）；succeed to sth. 继承某物He will succeed his father as manager of the shop. 他将接替父亲担任商店经理。Who will succeed to the property? 谁将继承那笔财产。5. decrease v. & n. increase n. 增加(1) v. 降低，减少，（使）变小搭配：decr

7、ease in 在方面减少；decrease fromto 从减少到；decrease by 减少了This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year. 这种鸟的数量在逐年减少。The number of new students decreased from 1,200 to 900 this year. 今年新生人数从1200减少到900。(2) n. 减少，减少的数量搭配：(a/the) decrease in sth. 某物的减少；a sudden decrease in number 数目的急剧下降There is s d

8、ecrease of nearly 7% in the number of visitors to the museum. 参观博物馆的人数下降了将近7%。6. loss n. 损失；遗失；丧失Hell try his best to make up for the loss. 他将尽最大努力弥补损失。The loss of his wife was a great blow to him. 他妻子的去世对他是个很沉重的打击。【拓展】the loss of 损失/丢失/输掉；make up for the loss 弥补损失；at a loss 不知所措7. hunt v. & n. hunt

9、er n. 猎人；追求者；hunting n. 打猎(1) v. 打猎，狩猎搭配：go hunting 去打猎He spent the whole day hunting deer. 他一整天都在猎取鹿。(2) v. 追寻搭配：hunt for 搜索，追寻；hunt sb. for 为寻找搜索某地She is still hunting for a new job. 她还在找新工作。Ive hunted everywhere for my watch, but I cant find it. 我到处找我的手表，但就是找不到。(3) n. 狩猎，追寻搭配：be on the hunt for 正

10、在寻找；the hunt for 寻找He is still on the hunt for a better job. 他还在寻找一份更好的工作。The hunt for Marys glasses lasted one hour. 给玛丽找眼镜就找了一个小时。8. respond v. response n. 答复；反应(1) 回答，应答 搭配：respond to 回答，对作出答复；respond that 回答说She didnt respond to my question. 她没有回答我的问题。The doctor responded that he could not tell

11、the name of her disease. 医生回答说他无法说出她的病名。(2) 回应，回报搭配：respond to(with) （对）报以，（用）回报He responded to my offer with a laugh. 他对我的提议报以大笑。辨析：respond，answer及reply易混词辨析例句respond指对他人的期望等在行动上作出反应，常及介词to连用，较正式How did they respond to the news? 他们对这则消息有什么反应？answer指用文字、语言或行动回答She answered with a smile. 她报以一笑。reply指

12、对他人的问题、要求所作的相应的答复，比answer正式，常及介词to连用Its your turn to reply to these charges. 现在该轮到你对这些指控进行答辩了。9. mercy n. 仁慈，宽容，怜悯搭配：show mercy to sb. (= show sb. mercy) 同情、怜悯某人；have/take mercy on sb. 怜悯某人beg for mercy 乞求宽恕The judge showed no mercy to the drunk driver. = The judge had no mercy on the drunk driver.

13、法官对那个酒后驾车者好不宽容。辨析：mercy及pity易混词辨析例句mercy指对自己有权力支配的人所表示的一种仁慈He showed no mercy to the prisoners. 他对囚犯好不宽容。pity指对弱者和不幸者的苦难、不幸所给予的同情She looked at those orphans with pity. 她用怜悯的眼光看着那些孤儿。【拓展】at the mercy of 任处置；任由摆布；Its a mercy (that) 幸运的是Its a mercy the accident happened so near the hospital. 幸亏事故发生在离医院

14、很近的地方。10. certain adj.(1) 某个；某些（作前置定语）The librarys only open at certain times of day. 这座图书馆只在一天的某些时段开放。注意：a certain 表示“某一”；some 也可表示“某一”，后接可数名词单数。(2) 确定的，确信的，无疑的（作表语，相当于sure）搭配：be certain to do 一定会做某事；be certain of/about (doing) 对（做）某事有把握He is certain to win the race. = It is certain that he will wi

15、n the race. 他肯定能赢这场比赛。Im certain of your success. = Im certain that you will succeed. 我确信你会成功。注意： certain 可以用人作主语，也可以用物作主语，还可以用it作形式主语。Sure通常用人作主语，不能用在以it作形式主语的句子中。 祈使句中，一般不用certain，但可说be sure to do sth.，简答时，可用sure，不用certain，但可以用certainly。11. employ vt. employee n. 受雇者；employer n. 雇主(1) 雇用The firm e

16、mployed two interpreters. 那家公司聘请了两名口语翻译。(2) 使用（= make use of）You should employ your funds more wisely. 你应该更明智地使用你的资金。【拓展】be employed to do 受雇做某事；employto do 雇用做某事employ oneself in (doing) = be employed in (doing) 忙于某事；从事某活动辨析：employ，hire及rent易混词辨析例句employ指“长时间雇用”，宾语一般是人He employed the girl as a typi

17、st. 他雇用那个女孩当了打字员。hire指短期、临时或一次性“雇用，租用”，宾语可以是人也可以是物During the holidays they hired a boat and went fishing. 假期中，他们租了一条船去钓鱼了。rent指长时间出租、租用，通常用于房地产，一般不用及人They rented a house from Mr. Smith. 他们租用了史密斯先生的一所房子。12. inspect vt. inspection n. 检查，视察，检阅；inspector n. 检查员；视察员(1) 检查；检验You should inspect the car wel

18、l before you buy it. 在买车之前，你应该仔细检查一番。(2) 视察；检阅The Minister of Education inspected our school. 教育部长视察了我们学校。辨析：inspect及examine易混词辨析例句inspect强调上级对下级的检查、视察The captain wants to inspect your kit. 船长想要检查你的配备。examine即可指一般的检查，也可指详尽地研究细节；另外含有“察看或观察以了解情况”的意思Let me examine your teeth first. 让我先检查一下您的牙齿。练习（一）补全句

19、子1. By 1881, the population of Ireland had _ (减少) to 5.2 million.2. China is getting more and more _ (强大) in the world.3. It is not allowed to _(打猎) wild animals in this area.4. The climate _ (影响) the amount of the rainfall last year.5. A tiger is a very _(凶猛的) kind of animal. However, it wont attac

20、k you if you dont.6. People say that barking dogs dont b_.7. Id a_ it if you let me get on with my job8. Fresh fruit and vegetables c_ plentiful Vitamin C.9. Very few people s_ in losing weight and keeping it off.10. It wouldnt do you any h_ to get some experience first.11. He showed no m_ to his en

21、emies.12. Your mistake resulted in heavy l_.13. Dave didnt r_ to any of her emails, which made her angry.14. It is a rule that our baggage should be i_ by customs officers(海关人员).15. I am busy, so I have to e_ a housekeeper to look after my children.二Phrases and Language Points1. As a result these en

22、dangered animals may even die out. 结果，这些濒危的动物甚至可能会灭绝。die out (1) 灭绝；消失This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed. 因栖息地正受到破坏，这一物种已濒临灭绝。(2) （风俗、习惯等）逐渐消失Many old customs have died out because they are out of date. 因为已经过时，许多旧的习俗已经消失。(3) （火）逐渐熄灭The fire is dying out. Youd bet

23、ter add some firewood. 火快灭了，你最好添点柴火。辨析：die out，die away，die off及die down易混词组辨析例句die out（家族、物种等）死亡、灭绝；（风俗、习惯等）逐渐消失Many old customs are gradually dying out. 许多旧习俗正逐渐消失。die away（声音、光线、风等）逐渐平息，渐弱The wind had died away by dusk. 黄昏时风逐渐渐弱了。die off（家族、种族等）相继灭亡；（草木）先后枯死The refugees are dying off from the dis

24、ease. 难民们相继因病丧生。die down（火、兴奋程度）渐弱，渐息；（=die away）The noise has died down. 喧闹声逐渐消失了。【拓展】die from因致死（外因）；die of 因而死（内因）2. Why are they in danger of disappearing? 它们为什么处于灭绝的危险中？in danger of 处于危险中The building is in danger of collapsing. 这栋建筑有倒塌的危险。【拓展】in danger 处于危险中；out of danger 脱离危险辨析：in danger及dange

25、rousin danger 指人或物本身处于危险中。 The girl is in danger. 这个女孩处于危险之中。dangerous 指事物对别人构成威胁。 The tiger is dangerous. 老虎是危险的。3. In relief Daisy burst into laughter. 黛茜如释重负，突然笑了起来。in relief 如释重负；松了口气I smiled in relief after I heard I had passed the examination. 听说我已经通过了考试，我如释重负地笑了。【拓展】to ones relief 令人感到欣慰的是；wi

26、th relief 宽慰地To her relief, her younger brother recovered quickly. 让她感到欣慰的是，她弟弟恢复得很快。burst into + n. 突然（进入某种状态）；闯入Dont burst into my room without knocking. 别不敲们就闯入我的房间。注意：burst into后跟名词，而burst out 后应跟现在分词。如：burst into tears = burst out crying4. They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago,

27、long before humans came into being千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多本句是由before引导的时间状语从句。long before早在之前很久；很久以前(1) 若before为连词，long before 后接时间状语从句。搭配：It will be long before要过很久才；It will not be long before不久就As far as I know, it will be long before Tom gets well. 据我所知，得过很长一段时间汤姆才能康复。(2) 若before 为介词，long befor

28、e后接时间点。The bridge was built long before the war. 这座桥是在战争爆发很久前建造的。(3) 若before 为副词，long before 单独作状语，意为“很久以前，很早”。Another man had discovered the comet long before. 另一个人在很久以前就发现了这颗彗星。辨析：long before及before long易混词组辨析一言辨异long before意为“很久以前”，可单独作状语，还可接名词或从句Before long I returned to the mountain village whe

29、re I once lived long before. 不久以后，我回到了很久以前住过的那个山村。before long意为“很快，不久”，常及过去时或将来时连用come into being （指事物、局面等的）产生，形成No one knows for sure when such a custom came into being. 没有人确切知道这种风俗是什么时候开始形成的。注意：come into being 无被动语态。5. so that以至于，结果；为了，以便It hadnt rained for a few months so that the crops were drie

30、d. 好几个月没有下雨了，以至于庄家都干死了。（结果）She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time. 她努力工作，为的是及时做好各项准备。（目的）注意：so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常有can，could，may等情态动词6. “Im protecting myself from mosquitoes,” it replied. 它回答说“我这样做可以防止蚊虫叮咬。”protectfrom/against 保护免受；使免受The cover protects the machine from dust. 罩子防止灰

31、尘落尽机器里。【拓展】keepfrom doing 阻止做某事（from不可以省略）；stop/prevent(from) doing 阻止做某事（from可以省略）What can we do to stop/prevent the disease (from) spreading? 我们能做什么来发防止这种疾病蔓延呢？7. You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live appreciate how the animals live together. 你们应该多加关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在

32、一起生活的。pay attention to 注意，关注搭配：pay much attention to 非常注意；pay more attention to 更多关注；pay little/no attention to 很少/不注意Pay attention to what the teachers say in class. 课堂上注意老师讲的东西。She is always paying little attention to her own health. 她总是很少注意自己的身体健康。练习（二）I. 请根据中文意思完成下列句子1. Do you know how did the w

33、orld _ _ _ ?你知道宇宙如何形成的吗？2. In winter, you should cover something to _ the plants _ the cold.在冬天你应该盖上东西保护那些植物不要冻坏。3. He is _ great _.他处于极度危险中。4. He didnt work hard. _ _ _, he failed in the exam.他没有努力学习，因此他就在考试中失败了。5. You should _ _ _ the signs when you are driving.当你驾驶的时候你应该注意标志。6. My family lives _

34、_.我一家人相处融洽。7. Dinosaurs _ _ millions of years ago.恐龙在几万年前就灭绝了。8. He wrote a letter to _ _ the job.他写信申请那份工作。II. 单项选择1. In my opinion, _ wild animals should be allowed to live in _ wild. A. X; X B. the; the C. X; the D. the; X 2. New ways have to be found to _ wildlife being endangered. Which of the

35、following is not OK? A. keep B. protect C. prevent D. stop 3. Id like to be a friend _you. I dont want to make an enemy _ you. A. of; of B. to; to C. to; of D. of; to 4. The two neighboring countries have been _ peace with each other for years, that is, they have lived _peace with each other for a l

36、ong time. A. in; at B. in; in C. at; in D. in; at 5. It is reported that _ has been discovered in the rain forest in Brazil. A. new species B. a new species C. a new specie D. new specie 6. With no more wood added to the fire, it finally died _. A. away B. down C. out D. off 7. Once harm is _ to the

37、 eco-system, all species will _, including man himself. A. made; be in danger B. done; be dangerous C. caused; be endangered D. done; be in danger 8. When he was asked about the question where he was last night, he was _. A. at loss B. in a loss C. at a loss D. with losses 9. I dont think the change

38、 of timetable will _ our plan much. A. effect B. affect C. be affected D. be effected 10. More attention should be paid to _ our environment. A. protect B. protecting C. prevent D. preventing 11. Her pale face suggests that she _ in poor health and strongly suggest that she _ a doctor. A. is; sees B

39、. be; see C. is; see D. be; should see 12. It has not been decided who will _ to the post of chairman of the board, the former holder of which succeeded _the company world famous. A. hold; to make B. succeed; in making C. stick; making D. lead; to make 13. When she saw the envelop that _ many pictur

40、es of her personal life, the girl could no longer _ her anger and burst into abuses(脏话) A. included; hold B. contained; contain C. there were; stop D. had; prevent 14. Insects, _ mosquitoes, flies, butterflies and so on, have their functions in _ nature. A. like; the B. such as; X C. including; X D.

41、 containing; the 15. Fur coats are good means to _ people from frost bites in cold winter. A. stop B. prevent C. protect D. keep三Grammar现在进行时的被动语态1. 定义：现在进行时的被动语态表示此时此刻某事正在被做。The sports meeting is being held in our school. 我校正在举行运动会。Another bridge is being built over the Changjiang River. 长江上正在修建另一座

42、大桥。2. 构成：be + being+过去分词A number of Dongfeng trucks are being shipped abroad. 一批东风卡车正被运往国外。3. 用法：(1)“be being done”中的动词be应随主语单复数作相应的变化。(2) 将现在进行时的主动语态变为现在进行时的被动语态的关键是：把be doing变为be being done。 The students are cleaning the classroom now. The classroom is being cleaned now. 现在学生们正在打扫教室。 (are cleaning

43、变为is being cleaned) The boy is counting some eggs. Some eggs are being counted. 那男孩正在数鸡蛋。 (is counting 变为 are being counted)4. 现在进行时被动语态的注意事项(1) 不可遗漏being现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时主语正在承受谓语动词的动作，谓语动词的形式为“is/are/ambeing过去分词”如果我们把being漏掉，就成为一般现在时被动语态或系表结构。试比较下列句子：Look！The children are being taken care of by their

44、 aunt. 瞧！孩子们现在正由姑母照看着。Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在校被照看得很好。（指通常情况）The report is being written by one of the best students. 报告正在由一个最好的学生写着呢。The report is well written. 报告写得很好。（系表结构）(2) 表示现阶段现在进行时被动语态也可以表示目前这一阶段主语正在承受谓语动词的动作。Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. 最近正在进行许多有趣的实验。（说话时，并不一定在进行）(3) 表示计划或安排现在进行时被动语态还可表示按计划、安排主语将要承受谓语动词的动作（仅限于bring，take，send，hold，sing，show，play等表示移动的或能用来表示某项活动的少数及物动词）。A folk song is being sung next. 下面将演唱一首民间歌曲。A party is being held tonight. 今晚将要举行一场晚会。(4