新世纪大学英语综合教程1-课后答案-第二版--秦秀白-Unit-6-Civility-and-Go.doc

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1、Unit 6 Civility and Good Manners: Keys to the exercisesWords in Action 2 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form wherenecessary.1) The car crash wasnt an accident; it was a(n)deliberateattempt to kill him!2) Sh

2、e became cautious when she was led into a(n)desertedside street.3) The government would be unwise toignorethe growing dissatisfaction with its economic policies.4) Sheadjustedher mirror and then edged the car out of its parking bay.5) After years ofneglect, the museum is open to the public again.6)

3、When marchers gathered on a third day of protest,violencebroke out and buildings were burned.7) Due to the depression, our share of the market hasdecreasedsharply this year.8) He has a very good memory and can still remember everyincidentthat happened 20 years ago in great detail.9) Dont ask me; fol

4、low yourinstinctsand do what you think is right.10) Oneswingof the axe is enough to fell(砍倒)the tree.11) She refused to confront theinescapablefact that she would have to sell the house.12) I was too sleepy to beawarehow cold it was.3 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned i

5、n this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.1) The incident seems to show the companyin a bad light.2) Could we take a walk? Ifeel likehaving a little exe

6、rcise.3)Cooped upin a small dark cell, the prisoner hasnt seen daylight for five years.4) Wed better get rid of these boxes of yours theyare taking up / take uptoo much space.5) The village is far away from the town,tucked awaybehind the hills.6) He is a nice person. Ive never seen him get annoyed o

7、rlose his temper.7) Being afraid that he was going to tell the newspapers, the company offered him ?,1000 toshuthimup.8) They layside by sideon the grass, not talking, just looking into thesky and enjoying the gentle spring breeze.9) Our application was rejected, but the council didntgive a good rea

8、son forits decision.10) It is reported that youth crime has beenon the risein recent years.11) Mankind mustput an end towar or war willput an end tomankind.12) Summers in the south of France arefor the most partdry and sunny.Increasing Your Word Power1 Many words in English can be used both as nouns

9、 and as verbs. Use either thenoun form or the verb form of the words given in the box below to complete allthe sentences. Change the form where necessary.1) I have nothing butscornfor people who are cruel to animals.2) We all breathed asighof relief when we heard they were safe.3) Irespecthis views,

10、 although I do not agree with them.4) The park was overgrown and littered from years ofneglect.5) Qualified staff are leaving and standards aredeclining.6) Several leading officers have quite openlyscornedthe peace talks.7) Feed plants and they grow,neglectthem and they suffer.8) The first signs of

11、economicdeclinedidnt become visible until acouple of months later.9) Oneswingof the hammer was all it took to drive the nail throughthe board.10) Investment levels have fallen, while the number of business failureshas risen.11) Many of us are not happy with the recent sharprisein gas price.12) Weve

12、had adecreasein the number of students enrolling in theschool.13) His voice was warm with friendship andrespect.14) I lay on my back, listening to the sound of the windsighingin thetrees.15) By exercising often, you candecreaseyour chance of developingheart disease.16) She sat on the edge of the tab

13、le,swingingher legs.2 Complete the following sentences with “behaviour”, “manners”, or both. Changethe form where necessary.1) Its not goodmannersto stare at people.2) Her lack ofmannersis quite appalling.3) He had his jail term cut for goodbehaviour.4) Didnt your parents teach you anymanners?5) Im

14、sorry, I was forgetting mymanners. Can I offer you a drink?6) Animals in zoos often display disturbedbehaviour.7) Parents can influence thebehaviour / mannersof their children.8) He attacked the food as quickly as decent tablemannersallowed.9) He could at least have had themannersto answer my letter

15、.10) The headmaster does not tolerate badbehaviour / manners.All the words in the following table can form acceptable collocations with thetarget words in italics. Cross out the word that is not similar in meaning fromthe rest in every group.1) proper 2) due 3) utmost4) grudgingrespect1) apologetic

16、2) sheepish 3) rueful4) reassuringsmile1) colloquial2) offensive 3) strong 4) crudelanguage1) insolent2) soothing 3) cheerful 4) fruityvoice1) lax 2) carefree 3) casual4) ambivalentattitudes1) obscene 2) rude3) theatrical4) defiantgesture4 Did you notice the suffixes -ful, -less in words that you ha

17、ve come across fromUnits 16, such as harmful, dreadful, joyless, restless? Both suffixes can beadded to nouns or verbs to form adjectives. When added to nouns, -ful canmean “full of” or “having the quality of”, such as careful; while -less can mean“without” or “not having the quality of”, such as ca

18、reless. In this case, -ful canbe understood as the opposite of -less. But when added to verbs, -ful can mean“apt to, able to; accustomed to”, such as forgetful, while -less can mean “cannotbe -ed”, such as countless.Now complete the following table by adding -ful and -less to the words. Somewords ca

19、n be combined with only one of the prefixes. Consult a dictionary ifnecessary.Nouns / Verbs Adjectives with-fulAdjectives with-lesscount countlessdoubtdoubtful doubtlesseventeventful eventlessforgetforgetful fruitfruitful fruitlesshopehopeful hopelessmercymerciful mercilesspeacepeaceful peacelesspow

20、erpowerful powerlessthoughtthoughtful thoughtlessTranslate the following into English, using the words you have thus formed.1)一个轻率的决定a thoughtless decision2)一位多产的作家a fruitful writer3)一位仁慈的老人a merciful old man4)一个强大的国家a powerful nation5)一个和平的解决方案a peaceful solution6)一次令人愉快的聚会a delightful party7)一个健忘的

21、人a forgetful man8)一个多事的年代an eventful age9)一个充满希望的未来a hopeful future10)一次毫无结果的调查a fruitless investigationGrammar in ContextStudy the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention tothe WITH phrase. Reflect on the grammatical function of the WITH phrase in eachsentence and the

22、n do the following two tasks.1) The other boy suddenly stood up andwith a quick, deliberate swing of hischubby armthrew a spadeful of sand at Larry. (Para. 1, Text A)Adverbial of manner2) He stoodwith his legs spread apart,rocking a little, looking at Mortonwithutter scorn. (Para. 16, Text A)Adverbi

23、al of accompanying circumstances; adverbial of manner3) He walked awkwardly, almost limpingwith self-consciousness, to thesandbox. (Para. 17, Text A)Adverbial of cause4)With all the dignity she could summon, she pulled Larrys sandy, perspiringlittle hand, while Morton pulled the other. (Para. 18, Te

24、xt A)Adverbial of accompanying circumstances5) Slowly andwith head highshe walked with her husband and the child out ofthe playground. (Para. 18, Text A)Adverbial of mannerTask 1: Combine each pair of sentences into one containing a phrase introducedby WITH.1) a. She was holding the baby.b. She was

25、very careful with the baby.She was holding the baby with great care.2) a. His chin was cupped in his hands.b. He looked at his mother sitting opposite him.With (his) chin cupped in (his) hands, he looked at his mother sitting opposite him.3) a. A truck screamed down the pathway.b. Its headlights wer

26、e flashing and its horn was blaring.A truck screamed down the pathway, with (its) headlights flashing and (its) hornblaring.4) a. The teacher entered the classroom.b. There was a cup in his hand and a textbook under his arm.The teacher entered the classroom, with (a / his) cup in (his) hand and (a /

27、 his)textbook under (his) arm.5) a. The children stepped into the museum.b. Their eyes were wide open out of curiosity.The children stepped into the museum, with their eyes wide open out of curiosity.Task 2: Translate the following into English, using WITH phrase where possible.1)她喜欢闭着眼睛听音乐。She like

28、s listening to music with (her) eyes closed.2)他向我挥手告别，眼里噙满泪水。He waved me goodbye, with eyes filled with tears.3)游客在导游的带领下向海边走去。With the guide leading the way, the tourists walked towards the seaside.4)第一轮谈判结束，双方未能达成任何协议。The first round of negotiations ended, with no agreements reached between thetwo

29、 sides.5)说话的时候嘴里塞满食物是一种不好的餐桌礼仪。It is bad table manners to talk with (the / ones) mouth full of food.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letterof each is given.In recent years, there seems to be a rise in disrespectful behaviour displayedespecially by the

30、 younger generation. Peace and harmony will be instantlydisrupted the moment an individual is seen as discourteous in particulartowards the older generation. Due to this, parents, teachers, community leadersconstantly talk about respect to their children, students and residents. Thereare indeed many

31、 ways or alternatives(1) to inculcate respect. This passage willdiscuss three significant ones.First of all, a conducive learning environment is crucial in inculcating the valueof respect to children especially in our current(2) society where etiquette andrespect appear to be in decline(3). Adults a

32、re good role models for children intheir growing years. For example, if parents treat their elderly in a very rude(4)manner, there is a great likelihood that the children too will be disrespectful(5) totheir grandparents or they may ignore(6) their grandparents. And the reversecan be true too.Second

33、, being respectful is about being sincere in our actions and gestures(7).That means not only should we practice them in our everyday lives, but weshould also do so with conviction instead of out of sheer(8) obligation. AlbertEinstein once said “I speak to everyone in the same way, whether he is theg

34、arbage man or the president of the university.” If we can be true and sincere tothe people we interact with, we will have treated them courteously(9).Third, the media(10) plays a crucial role in spreading(11) the message ofrespect. There seems to be a trend(12) in television where some sections(13)o

35、f programmes treat impoliteness or lax(14) attitudes about manners in a lightheartedway. If this is not addressed, the situation may get worse.In summary, respect is one important aspect of civility that we must embraceand practice so that we may remain humane. In addition, we should notcontinue to

36、be ignorant(15) but take appropriate actions to stop this slide inmoral values.TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English, using the words given inbrackets.1)没有别的选择，你所能做的就是调整自身适应新环境。(alternative,adjust)Theres no other alternative, all you can do is to adjust yourself to the newenviron

37、ment.2)对绝大多数人而言，财富和名望对建立幸福感没多大促进作用。(contribute to, a sense of well-being)For most people, wealth and fame does / do not contribute much to creatinga sense of well-being.3)房子已经很长一段时间没有人住，家具上都有了一层厚厚的灰尘。(deserted, a layer of)The house has been deserted for a long time and there is a thick layer of dust

38、on the furniture.4)老师认为那男孩的行为并不是故意的，所以决定予以忽视，并给了他另一次机会。(deliberate, ignore)The teacher did not think the boys act was deliberate, so he chose to ignore itand gave him another chance.5)正是那件事让我对他的看法彻底改变了。(incident，in a light)It was that incident that made me see him in a completely different light.6)报

39、告指出火灾是由于他的玩忽职守造成的。(due to, neglect)The report points out that the fire was due to his neglect of duty.7)在公众场合吐痰是不礼貌的。我要你停止这种行为。(spit, put a stop to)It is rude to spit in public. I want you to put a stop to such bad behavior.8)从根本上说，他的学习能力没有一点问题。问题的根源是他对语言学习没有兴趣。(basically, be at the root of)Basically, there is nothing wrong with his learning ability. What is at the rootof the problem is his lack of interest in language learning.第 7 页