2022年八年级上册英语语法要点重点 .pdf

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1、Unit 1 How often do you exercise?Grammar:特殊疑问句：wh-questions:what,who,where,when,which,whose,why,whom 等。特殊疑问句的构成及用法：结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句，即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语（+其他）疑问代词：1)Who:谁。做主语，用来指人Who is the boy under the tree?2）Whom 谁，做宾语，用来指人Whom are you writing to?3)Whose 谁的，用来指所属关系，如果做定语，一般后接名词Whose pen is t

2、his?4)Which 哪个，哪些，用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择Which grils will in the sports meeting?Which pen is Lilys?5)What 什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在没有指出范围的情况下What can you see in the picture?What are you doing now?疑问副词：When:何时，询问时间When will she come back?Where 何地，询问地点，Where do you come from?Why 为什么，询问原因，Why are you late for schoo

3、l?How 如何，询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等How do you usually go to school?How old 多大，询问年龄，How old is Jims little brother?How many/much 多少，询问数量How many birds are there in the tree?How far 多远，询问距离，How far is it form your home to school?How long 多长，多久，询问时间的长度或距离How long will you stay in Beijing?How often 多长时间按一次，询问频率How

4、 often do you go to see your grandparents?How soon 多久，询问时间How soon will you come back?频率副词：表示动作发生的频率，never,sometimes,often,usually,always.Unit 2 Whats the matter with you?名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 6 页 -Grammar:1.用 have 来描述身体不适have/have got a+疾病名字；得了 病2.情态动词 should,情态动词 should,can,may,must没有人称和时

5、态的变化，后接动词原形Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?Grammar:现在进行时表将来一般将来时表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中 be 是助动词，它有人称和单复数的变化。Be:am,is,are.be+v.ing是现在进行时的形式，但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来，常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情，一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词，如，go,come,leave,start,arrive,move等。一肯定句中，结构为“be+doing.”I am going shopping t

6、his afternoon.二否定句是在 be 之后加 not.I m not going to shopping this afternoon.三 一般疑问句是将 be 置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?Yes,I am/we are.No,I m not./We arent.四特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。”What are you doing for vacation?When is he going camping?Who are you going there with?Where is she going?Unit 4 Ho

7、w do you get to school?Grammar:How 引导的特殊疑问句：是指以How,how far,how long,how old,how many,how much等词开头的疑问句。How does he get to shool?-He takes the train to get to shool.How long does it take to walk?-It takes about 35 minutes to walk.How far is it from your home to school?Its four miles from my home to sc

8、hool.How old is he now?She is twelve years old now.How many storybooks do you have?I have five storybooks.How much is this coat?This coat is 200 yuan.特殊疑问句的简略结构：how about?+名词或动词-ing 形式，用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如：How about playing tennis?名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 6 页 -Unit 5 Can you come to my party

9、?Grammar:情态动词 can 及邀请句式及其问答情态动词 can 的用法：Can 是最长用的情态动词，其后跟动词原形，can 的否定形式为 cannot，cant.can 表“能力”，意思是：能，会I can paly basketball,but I cant swim.can 表示能力时可和 be able to 互换，be able to 有更多的时态，常被用来表示can 所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g.They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.表示“可能性”，意思是：可以，可能。T

10、hat big cinema can seat 5,000 people.表示允许，意思是可以能够You can have the book when I have finished it.表示“惊讶、不相信等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”。意思是“会、可能。”This can t be true.Can it be true?如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请表达邀请的常用句型：Can you come to?Could you come to?Would you like to come to?Do you want to come to?接受邀请的常用句型：Sure.Certainly.O

11、K.I d love to.谢绝邀请的常用句型：I m sorry,I cant.I have toI m afraid I cant.I have toI don t think I can.I have toUnit 6 I m more outgoing than my sister.Grammar:形容词的比较级规则变化、不规则变化（课本P93）than 是比较级中最常见的标志词，意思是“比”。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.Youre older than I am.You are older than me.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载

12、-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 6 页 -形容词比较级前，有时可以用 much,far,a little,a bit,even,three times等词来修饰。Much 和 far 表示“得多”,much better好得多，a little,a bit 表示稍微，一些，一点。a little shorter,稍微矮点；even 表示“甚至，更加，还要”even bigger 还要大些，three times 表示“三倍”，如 three times bigger than 比大三倍Very 绝不可以用来修饰比较级，very,so,too,quite 修饰原级Unit 7 How do yo

13、u make banana milk shake?Grammar:可数名词与不可数名词一可数名词英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a 或 an,表示一个，如 a pear.其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es（特殊情况除外），如two bananas,three tomatoes.Many many apples a few students few bags 二不可数名词1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分，也不能在词前直接加冠词 a 或 an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。

14、如a bag of 2.常见的量词短语有：a piece of a cup of a teaspoon of a bottle of 3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量：much much rain a little little 4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有：Lots of=a lot of许多，大量some 一些（用于肯定句）any 一些（用于否定句和一般疑问句）Unit 8 How was your school trip?Grammar:一般过去时：指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last ye

15、ar(week,month),two years ago,in2006 等。有时也可用 when,after,before,as soon as引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be 动词was/were 否定：wasnt/werent Be 动词句型一般疑问句：was/were+主语特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语陈述句：主语+was/were+(肯定句)否定句：主语+wasn t/weren t+名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 6 页 -行为动词句型（当句中的动词为行为动词时，要借助动词did 构成一般疑问句和否定句）肯定

16、式：主语+动词过去式否定式：主语+didnt+动词原形一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形特殊疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形Unit 9 When was he born?Grammar:一般过去时的特殊疑问句一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样，不同之处在于须将be 动词或助动词改为过去时态，即“特殊疑问词+were 或 was(第三人称单数)+主语+（表语）+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+助动词 did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。”以 when 引导的特殊疑问句，对某人的出生年月进行提问，句型是：When was/were born?was/were born in+时间When was

17、 David beckham born?大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的？He was born in 1975.二以 how long 引导的特殊疑问句，对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。句型是：How long did+主语+动词？How long did Charles Smith hiccup?He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.三When did he start hiccupping?他什么时候开始打嗝？When+did+主语+动词？Unit 10 Im going to be a basketball player.Grammar:一般将来时

18、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。1.be going to+动词原形What are you going to do next Sunday?2.will/shall+动词原形I will go to my hometown next week.3.be+v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.4.be+动词不定式You are to be back by 10 oclock.5.be+about+动词不定式The meeting

19、is about to begin.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 6 页 -Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?Grammar:情态动词情态动词，表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度，包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、必要、猜测等。Can(能、会),may(可以),must(必须、一定)等。情态动词的特点：(1)情态动词有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语，且没有人称和数的变化。1.I can speak English.2.She must be a teacher.3.We may go home

20、 now.(2)变否定句时，直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He can t play the guitar well.He can t answer the question.You mustnt be late.(3)含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时，须将情态动词提前。Can you help me?Must I go there at once?(4)can 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测，意为“能，会，可以。”cant,意为“不能，不会，不可以。”，还有“不可能”之意。-Can you drive?Sorry,I cant.It cant be true.(5)can 也

21、可表示请求与邀请Can you please sweep the floor?Unit12 What s the best radio station?Grammar:形容词/副词的最高级，用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一个“最”见课本 p93 语法the+最高级 She is the tallest of all her classmates.最高级可被序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really,nothing like等修饰。This hat is by far the

22、biggest.表示最高程度的形容词，excellent,extreme,prefect等没有最高级也不能用比较级。He is an excellent teacher.形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是，被修饰的词往往省略。He is the youngest(boy)in his class.Who/Which+be+最高级，A,B,or C?Who is the most useful,a bicycle,a motorcycle,or a car?the+序数词+最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class.One of the+最高级+复数名词The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 6 页 -