2022年法律英语核心词汇 .pdf

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1、1 必备法律英语词汇民事法律英语词汇(A,B)按份共有several possession 按份之债several obligation 版权copyright 包办婚姻arranged marriage 保证guaranty/guarantee 保证合同contract of guaranty 保证金guaranty bond;security deposit 保证人guarantor 被代理人（本人）principal 本代理original agency 本代理人original agent 次代理subagency 代理权right of agency 代理行为act of agenc

2、y 表见代理agency by estoppel;apparent agency 不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right 不当得利unjust enrichment 不当履行misfeasance 不可抗力force majeure 不可侵犯权inviolability 不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act 不 要 因 民 事 法 律 行 为noncausative civil legal act 不作为omission(C)财产担保property guarantee 财 产 分 割partition;dismemberment

3、 of property 财团法人legal body of financial group 采矿权mining ownership 产品瑕疵defect of product 撤销权right of claiming cancellation 承包经营权right to contracted management 承认权right of admission 诚实信用原则principle of good faith 乘 人 之 危taking advantage of others precarious position 程序法procedural law 驰名商标reputed trade

4、mark 处分权right of disposing;jus dispodendi 创造性creativity 创作creation 从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act 从债accessory obligation(D)大陆法continental law 大陆法系civil law system 代 位 继 承representation;succession by subrogation 代位权subrogated right 单独继承single succession 单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act 单一之债single

5、 obligation 担保物权real right for security 盗版 VCD pirated VCD 等 价 有 偿 原 则principle of equal value exchange 抵销setoff 抵押标的物collateral;estate under mortgage 抵押权hypothec;right to mortgage 抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage 抵 押 权 的 抛 弃abandonment of right to mortgage 抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage 抵

6、押权的设定creation of right to mortgage 抵 押 权的 实现materialization of right to mortgage 抵 押 权 的 消 灭extinction of right to mortgage 抵押权的效力defect of right to mortgage 抵押权人mortgagee 抵押人mortgagor 抵 押 物 登 记registration of estate under mortgage 抵押优先权priority of mortgage 地上权superficies 地役权servitude;easement 第一顺序继

7、承人successor first in order 佃权tenant right 定金earnest money;deposit 独生子女only child 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 12 页 -2 多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act(E,F)恶意占有malicious possession 发表权right of publication 发明创造invention and creation 发明权right of invention 发现权right of discovery 法定代理人statutory agent;l

8、egal agent 法定继承legal succession 法定违约金liquidated damages by law 法定之债legal obligation 法定孳息legal fruits 法律婚legal marriage 法律渊源source of law 法人legal person 法人合伙partnership of legal person 法人型联营association of legal persons 防卫行为act of defense 非婚生子女illegitimate child 非专属权non-exclusive right 否认权right of cla

9、iming cancellation 夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro;divorce from bed and board 夫妻共同财产community property 夫妻关系conjugal relationship 服务商标service trademark 抚恤金pension 附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term 复婚resumption of marriage(G)感情破裂incompatibility 个 人 独 资 企 业individual business establishment 个人合伙partnershi

10、p 个体工商户individual business 给付give;pay 工业产权industrial property 公法public law 公力救济public protection 公民citizen 公平原则principle of justice 公序良俗public order and moral 共同共有joint possession 共同继承joint succession 固有法native law;indigenous law 关联企业affiliate enterprise 广告商标advertisement trademark 国民待遇原则doctrine of

11、 national treatment 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise(H)合法行为lawful act 合伙财产property of partnership 合伙人partner 合伙协议partnership agreement 合 伙 型 联 营coordinated management in partnership 合伙债务debt of partnership 合同之债contractual obligation 合作社cooperative 衡平法equity;law of equity 户籍census register 婚 后 财 产

12、 公 证notarization of postnuptial properties 婚生子女legitimate child 婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage,family,inheritance,adoption 婚姻登记marriage registration 婚姻法marital law;marriage law 货币currency 获得报酬权right to get payment/remuneration(J,K)计划生育birth control 技术诀窍know-how 继承参与人succession participant 继承法inheritance law;la

13、w of succession 继承人heir;successor 间接继承indirect succession 监护guardianship 简单之债simple obligation 教会法ecclesiastical law 解除权right of renouncement 紧急避险act of rescue;necessity 近似商标similar trademark 禁止规范forbidding norm 经常居住地frequently dwelling place 经 营 权managerial authority;power of 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理

14、-第 2 页，共 12 页 -3 management 精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage 救济权right of relief 居所residence 绝对权absolute right 抗辩权right of defense 可撤销民事行为revocable civil act(L,M)离婚divorce 利用权right to make use of 例外法exception law 连带之债joint obligation 联营joint venture 林权forest ownership 留置权lien 录制权right of fixation 律师

15、代理agency by lawyer 罗马法Roman Law 罗马法系Roman law system 埋藏物fortuna;hidden property 买卖婚姻mercenary marriage 民法法律规范norm of civil law 民法法系civil law system 民 法 基 本 原 则fundamental principles of civil law 民事法律行为civil legal act 民事合伙civil partnership 民事权利能力civil right capacity 民事行为civil act 名称权right of name 名誉权

16、right of reputation 明示保证express guaranty 命令性规范commanding norm 默示保证implied guaranty(N,P)拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law 农 村 承 包 经 营 户leaseholding rural household 诺成性民事法律行为consenting civil legal act 判例法case law;precedent 旁系血亲collateral blood relation 配偶spouse 剽窃plagiary;plagiarism 漂流物drifting ob

17、ject 平等原则principle of equality 普通代理general agency 普通法common law 普通合伙general partnership 期待权expectant right 欺诈fraud(Q)企业法人legal body of enterprise 企业集团group of enterprise 亲权 parental right 亲属权right of relative 侵权行为tort 侵权行为之债tort obligation 清偿discharge;satisfaction 情 事 变 更 原 则doctrine of change of ci

18、rcumstances 请求权right of claim 全权代理general agency 全权代理委托书general power of attorney 权利本位standard of right 权利的保护protection of right(R)让与担保alienation guarantee 人格权right of personality 人权human right 人身权利personal right 人身损害damage to person 人 役 权servitus personarum;personal servitude 任意之债voluntary obligati

19、on 日尔曼法Germanic law 荣誉权right of honor 入伙join partnership(S)善意占有possession in good faith 商标代理trademark agency 商标公告trademark gazette 商标国际注册international registration of trademark 商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board 商标侵权trademark infringement 商标权trademark right 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 12 页 -

20、4 商标审查trademark examination 商 标 使 用 许 可 协 议trademark licensing agreement 商标事务所trademark office 商标注册trademark register 商品商标commodity trademark 社会本位standard of society 社团法人legal body of mass organization 涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements 涉外收养adoption with foreign elements 申请在先原则prior application rule

21、 身份权right of status 生命健康权right of life and health 生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death 实 际 履 行 原 则doctrine of specific performance 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act 实体法substantial law 实用新型utility model 实用性practicability 使用权right of use;right to use of 使用收益分享权right to share usufruct 使用在先priority of

22、use 世袭继承hereditary succession 市民法jus civile 事实婚de facto marriage 收回权right of recall;right of retrieval 收养法adoption law 收养人adoptive parent/adopter 收养协议adoption agreement 收益权right to earnings;right to yields 受托人trustee 授权规范authorization norm 授权委托书power of attorney 授权行为act of authorization 署名权right of

23、authorship;right of paternity 司法解释judicial interpretation 私法private law 私力救济self-protection 私生活秘密权right of privacy 私营企业private enterprise;proprietorship 寺院法canon law 送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption 诉讼离婚divorce by litigation 损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury;obliga

24、tion of damages 所有权dominium;ownership;title 所 有 权 凭 证document of title;title of ownership(T)他物权jus in re aliena 探视权visitation right 特别法special law 特别合伙special partnership 特别留置权special lien 特定之债certain obligation 特许权使用费royalties 提存debtor s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent a

25、uthority 天然孳息natural fruits 同居cohabitation 同 时 履 行 抗 辩 权defense right of simultaneous performance 土地使用权right to the use of land 退伙withdrawal from partnership(W)外观设计design;industrial design 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act 完整性保持权right to maintain integrity 晚婚late marriage 万民法jus gentium 违法行为illegal act

26、;unlawful act 违约金liquidated damages 伪造forge 委托代理agency by mandate 慰问金consolation money 无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration;civil legal act without award 无效婚姻void marriage 无效行为ineffective act 无行为能力incapacity for act 无因管理voluntary service 无责任行为irresponsible right 无 主 物bona vacatia;vacant goo

27、ds;ownerless goods 物的担保security for thing 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 12 页 -5 物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing 物权分类classification of right in rem/real right 物上请求权right of claim for real thing 误传misrepresentation(X)习惯法customary law 先买权preemption 显失公平obvious unjust 限制行为能力restrictive capacit

28、y for act 相对权relative right 相对人counterpart;offeree 相邻权neighboring right;related right 肖像权right of portraiture 协议离婚divorce by agreement 协 作 型 联 营cooperation-type coordinated management 胁迫duress 新颖性novelty 信用担保credit guarantee 行为能力capacity for act 形成权right of formation 姓名权right of name 修 改 权right of m

29、odification;right of revision 选择之债alternative obligation(Y)押金deposit;foregift 要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act 要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act 一夫一妻制monogamy 伊斯兰法Islamic law 医疗费medical charge 医药费hospital treatment expense 遗产inheritance;heritage 遗产继承人heir to property;inheritor 遗失物lost property 遗书last

30、words 遗言last will and testament 遗赠bequest;legacy;devise(不动产)遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement 遗赠继承succession by devise 遗嘱继承intestate succession 以 合 法 形 式 掩 盖 非 法 目 的legal form concealing illegal intention 义务性规范obligatory norm 意思表示declaration of intention 意思表示一致meeting of minds;consensus 意思能力capacity of

31、 will 意外事件accident 隐 名 合 伙sleeping partnership;dormant partnership 隐私权right of privacy 英吉利法English law 英美法系system of Anglo-American law 永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right 用益物权real right for usufruct 优先权日priority date 优先权原则doctrine of priority right 有权代理authorized agency 有限合伙limited partnership 预

32、付款advanced payment 约 定 违 约 金liquidated damages by agreement(Z)再代理人subagent 早婚early marriage 债的担保guarantee of obligation 债的履行performance of obligation 债权jus in personam;right to give or procure;claim;creditor s right 债权人creditor 债券bond 债务debt;liability;obligation 债务的偿还payment of debt 债务的偿清discharge o

33、f debt 债务的担保guarantee of debt 债务的给付日期debt maturity 债务的合并consolidation of debt 债务的免除exemption of debt 债务人debtor 占有权dominium utile;equitable ownership 贞操权virginity right 正当防卫justifiable right;legitimate defense 证券securities 支配权right of dominion 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 12 页 -6 知识产权intellectual p

34、roperty 知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property 直系血亲lineal descent 指定代理人designated agent 制定法statute 质权 right of pledge 智力成果intellectual property 中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the Peoples Republic of China 中 外 合 资 企 业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中 外 合 作 企 业Sino-foreign contrac

35、tual enterprise 终止权right of termination 种类之债indefinite obligation 重大误解gross misunderstanding 重婚bigamy 主民事法律行为principal civil legal act 主债prime/principal obligation 住所domicile 注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark 注 册 商 标 转 让assignment of registered trademark 著作财产权property right in work 著作邻接权neig

36、hboring right of copyright 著作权人copyright owner部分美国刑事法律英语词汇Year and a Day Rule 满一年原则（如受害者满一年未死亡，不得以杀人罪起诉被告）Whartons Rule 沃顿原则（如果某种罪最少得由 N 人所犯，那么 N+1 人才构成同谋罪）voluntary manslaughter 故意杀人voluntary intoxication 故意醉酒victim/witness assistance programs 服务组织提供的对犯罪受害人及证人的安慰及帮助victims rights 刑事司法过程中受害人的基本权利vic

37、timless crime 无受害者犯罪victim impact statement 受害人影响陈述vehicular homicide 车祸致人死命罪uttering 故意提供或传递伪造文件罪unlawful assembly 非法集会Uniform Determination of Death Act(UDDA)统一死亡判定法案truth in sentencing 判决及释放之间trespassory taking 非法盗窃treason 叛国罪three-strikes legislation 重罪加长刑期法theft of computer services 非法窃取计算机服务ta

38、ngible property 有形资产several crimes 数罪several offenses of a kind 同种数罪syndrome-based defense 基于综合症的犯罪sudden passion 突然情感爆发（可能导致故意杀人）substantive criminal law 实体刑法subornation of perjury 非法教唆他人作伪证strict liability crimes 严格责任犯罪（无犯罪意图或过错仍然有罪）accomplice：同案犯adult business district：红灯区agricrime：农业犯罪armed robb

39、ery：武装抢劫arrest warrant：逮捕证assault：袭击attack dog：攻击犬back-alley butcher：卑鄙的屠夫bail：保释金blackmail scandal 敲诈丑闻/black market blood money：血腥钱body bag：装尸袋guilty of bribery行贿受贿罪bum rap：错捕career criminal：职业罪犯child abuse：虐待儿童computer cleaner：消除财务信息的电脑黑客con artist：行骗高手con game：骗局credit-card fraud：信用卡欺诈date rape：

40、约会强奸domestic violence：家庭暴力drunk driving：酒后驾驶first-degree murder：一级谋杀案hijack 劫持/blackjack/skyjacking/carjacking 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 12 页 -7 hit-and-run accident 肇事逃逸案homicide of a prostitute 妓女被杀hold-up：持枪抢劫impulse crime：冲动犯罪juvenile delinquency：青少年犯罪arrested for larceny：偷盗被捕（pickpocket）Ma

41、fia：黑手党money laundering：洗钱organized crime：集团犯罪perjury：伪证police corruption：警察腐败pornoshop：色情商店sin tax：罪孽税statutory rape：法定强奸罪suicide season：自杀季节tax evasion：逃税white-collar crime：白领犯罪诉讼法律(a b)案件发回remand a case(to a low court)案件名称title of a case 案卷材料materials in the case 案情陈述书statement of case 案外人person

42、other than involved in the case 案值total value involved in the case 败诉方losing party 胜诉方winning party 办案人员personnel handling a case 保全措施申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case(to security authorities)被告defendant;the accused 被 告 人 最 后 陈 述final statement of the accused 被告第二次答辩rejoinder 被害

43、人victim 被害人的诉讼代理人victim s agent ad litem 被上诉人respondent;the appellee 被申请人respondent 被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed 被执行人person subject to enforcement 本诉principal action 必 要 共 同 诉 讼 人party in necessary co-litigation 变通管辖jurisdiction by accord 辩护defense 辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer 辩护人defen

44、der 辩 护 证 据exculpatory evidence;defense evidence 辩论阶段stage of court debate 驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim;reject a counterclaim 驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion 驳 回 上 诉、维 持 原 判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgment/ruling 驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit 驳回通知书notice of dismissal 驳回自诉dismiss/reje

45、ct a private prosecution 驳 回 自 诉 裁 定 书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case 补充答辩supplementary answer 补充判决supplementary judgment 补充侦查supplementary investigation 不公开审理trial in camera 不 立 案 决 定 书written decision of no case-filing 不 批 准 逮 捕 决 定 书written decision of disapproving an arrest 不起诉，撤回诉

46、讼nol.pros.不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court(c d)财产保全申请书application for attachment;application for property preservation 裁定order;determination(指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order 裁定书order;ruling 裁决书award 采信的证据admitted evidence 查封seal up 撤回上诉withdraw appeal 撤诉withdraw a lawsuit 撤销立案r

47、evoke a case placed on file 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页，共 12 页 -8 撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgment and remand the case to the original court for retrial 出示的证据exhibit 除 权 判 决invalidating judgment(for negotiable instruments)传唤summon;call 传闻证据hearsay 答辩(状)answer;reply 答辩陈述书statement of defense 大

48、法官 associate justices;justice/法官judge 大检察官deputy chief procurator 代理控告agency for accusation 代理申诉agency for appeal 代理审判员acting judge 代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving 弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure 当事人陈述statement of the parties 当 庭 宣 判pronouncement

49、of judgment or sentence in court 地区管辖territorial jurisdiction 地 区 检 察 分 院inter-mediate People s Procurator s Office 第三人third party 调查笔录record of investigation 定 期 宣 判pronouncement of judgment or sentence later on a fixed date 定罪证据incriminating evidence;inculpatory evidence 冻结freeze 督促程序procedure of

50、supervision and urge 独任庭sole-judge bench 独任仲裁员sole arbitrator 对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action(e f)二审trial of second instance 二审案件case of trial of second insurance 罚款impose a fine 法定证据statutory/legal evidence 法定证据制度system of legal evidence 法警bailiff;court police 法律文