2022年八年级上册英语外研版-知识点总结-文档 .pdf
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1、1 1英语初二上册重点知识点讲解Module 1 How to learn English 1pair n.(相关的)两个人,一对,一双,一副a pair of socks a pair of gloves two pairs of trousers 一双袜子一副手套两条裤子e.g.A pair of teenage boys are watching a football game.两个青少年正在看足球赛。2correct(1)v.改正,纠正e.g.The teacher returned to her room to correct exercise books.老师回到房间去改练习本。C
2、orrect the spelling.纠正拼写。(2)adj.正确的;恰当的e.g.correct pronunciation 正确发音Do you have the correct time?你的表走得准吗?3advice (1)n.意思是“意见,建议”,为不可数名词,可用some,much,a piece of,pieces of 等修饰,不能说 an advice或 many/a few advices。(2)表示“有关的建议”时,用介词on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式。e.g.Let s ask for his advice on what to do next.我们去征求一
3、下他的意见下一步该怎么办。常见搭配:take/follow ones advice 接受某人的建议 ask for advice 征求意见accept/refuse ones advice接受(拒绝)某人的建议 offer advice to sb.向某人提供建议拓展:advise vt建议常见搭配:advise sb.to do sth.advise that sb.(should)do sth.e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.老师建议我现在就离开。We advise measures(should)be taken to stop pollut
4、ion at once.我们建议立即采取措施以阻止污染。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页,共 16 页 -2 24We should always speak English in class.我们应该总是在课堂上说英语。should 是情态动词,意思是“应该”。通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务。should/shouldnt do sth.e.g.He should work harder.他应该更加努力。You should help your mother with the housework.你们应该帮妈妈做家务。5Let s try to speak Eng
5、lish as much as possible.让我们一起尽可能地说英语。(1)e.g.They are trying to study English well.他们正努力学好英语。I am trying doing it in this way.我正试着用这种方法做。We should try/do our best to help the people in trouble.我们应该尽最大努力帮助困境中的人们。(2)译为“尽量”、“尽最大努力(可能)”,主要用于 as.as possible/one can。e.g.You should rest as much as possible
6、.你应当尽量多休息。I have helped you as much as I can.Now it is up to you.我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。6Each time you will learn something new.I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends.每次你将会学习一些新东西。我也建议你和朋友们谈论电影或歌曲。time 的用法:(1)time 侧重指“时间”这一概念,或说明“时间”的量,time 用作不可数名词,前面可 much,little,a lot o
7、f,plenty of等修饰。e.g.This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.这节省了时间,使农民能够在每个季节中多种点庄稼。(2)当作“次数;倍数”讲时,time 是可数名词。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页,共 16 页 -3 3e.g.I have been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次。(3)time 构成的短语:at a time 一次,每一次at one time 曾经,一度at times/from time to tim
8、e 有时,偶尔all the time 总是,一直in time 及时,迟早on time 准时(4)time 构成的句型:It s time for sb.to do sth./Its(high)time sb.did sth.该是某人干的时间了。e.g.Its time for children to go to bed.是小孩睡觉的时候了。It s high time that we started.我们该出发了。each time(每次),next time(下次),the first/last time(第一次/最后一次的时候)等词组引导的时间状语从句。e.g.The last ti
9、me I went to China,I visited Shanghai.我上次到中国时,游览了上海。14I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room.我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里。suggest,做动词,表示“建议,提议”的意思,对应的名词是suggestion。suggest 的用法:e.g.She suggested an early start.她建议早一点出发。I suggested his/him giving up
10、 the foolish idea.我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头。She suggested that the class meeting(should)not be held on Saturday.她建议班会不要在星期六举行。注意:当 suggest 表示“暗示,表明”的意思,它后面接宾语从句,谓语用真实的时态,而不用“should+动词原形”。e.g.他脸上的表情表明他很开心。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页,共 16 页 -4 4()The expression on his face suggested that he should be very happy.(
11、)The expression on his face suggested that he was very happy 游览了上海。Module 2 My home town and my country 1It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.它(剑桥)位于康河河畔,人口约为12 万。population n.意思是“人口,居民”,它是一个集体名词,它的用法有时较为特殊,所以很容易用错。population常与定冠词 the 连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。e.g.The worlds po
12、pulation is increasing faster and faster.全世界的人口增长得越来越快。当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式。e.g.About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。有时 population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。e.g.China has a population of about 1.3 billion.=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.
13、中国大约有十三亿人口。表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“little”,而要用“large”或“small”。e.g.India has a large population.印度人口众多。Singapore has a small population.新加坡人口少。询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用“How much.?”,而用“How large.?”。在问具体人口时用“What.?”。e.g.What is the population of Canada?=How large is the population of Canada?加拿大的人口有多少?The populat
14、ion of Canada is about 29 million.加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。2It has a population of about seven and a half million,so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge.它(伦敦)大约有750 万人口,所以比剑桥更大更繁忙。(1)million是数词,意思是“百万”。它的用法如下:当与具体数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且也不后接介词of。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页,共 16 页 -5 5e.g.three million people 三百万人H
15、e was prepared to pay two million.他愿意支付 200 万。但是,后面的名词有了the,these,those等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us,them 这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词 of。e.g.About three million of them have left there.他们当中约有三百万人离开了那儿。当不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要用复数,而且要后接介词of,然后才能接名词。e.g.A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds.一个粗心的错误使公司蒙
16、受数百镑的损失。拓展:与 million有相同用法的数词还有:hundred(百),thousand(千),billion(十亿)。本节课主要学习形容词的比较级的规则变化及用法。(1)规则变化:类别构成方法原级比较级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-er long tall longer taller 不发音的 e 结尾时加-r late large later larger 辅音字母加 y 结尾时把 y变 i,再加-er easy happy easier happier 重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er big hot bigger hotter(2)形
17、容词比较级用法 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A+比较级+than+B”。e.g.Li Leis room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大。This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃。有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级。e.g.I feel even worse now.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页,共 16 页 -6 6我现在觉得
18、更难受了。It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。e.g.I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。This building is 20 meters higher than that one.这栋楼房比那栋高20 米。表示“两者之间最一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins.Mary是双胞胎中的高个子。表示“越来越”,用比
19、较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。e.g.Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our home town is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡越来越漂亮了Module 3 Sports 节课进一步学习形容词和副词的比较级的规则变化和不规则变化(1)规则变化:类别构成方法原级比较级多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加 more careful beautiful more careful more beaut
20、iful 在原级前加 less important useful less important less useful(2)不规则变化:原级比较级good/well(身体好的)better many/much more bad/ill worse little less far farther(较远)名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页,共 16 页 -7 7further(进一步)old older elder(较年长的)(3)形容词和副词比较级用法 表示两者进行比较时用比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A+比较级+than+B”。e.g.The sun is
21、bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮更大。This painting is nicer than that one.这幅绘画比那幅更漂亮。有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用比较级。e.g.I feel even better now.我现在觉得好多了。It is much cooler today than before.今天比以前凉爽得多。比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。e.g.This house i
22、s 10 meters higher than that one.这栋楼房比那栋高10 米。表示“两者之间最一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。e.g.Mary is the fatter of the twins.Mary是双胞胎中较胖的。表示“越来越”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。e.g.Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our city is becoming more and more beautifu
23、l.我们的城市越来越漂亮了。表示“越就越”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。e.g.The busier he is,the happier he feels.他越忙越高兴。Module 4 Planes,ships and trains(1)规则变化:类别构成方法原级最高级名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页,共 16 页 -8 8单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-est long tall longest tallest 不发音的 e 结尾时加-st late large latest largest 辅音字母加 y 结尾时把 y 变 i,再加-est ea
24、sy happy easiest happiest 重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-est big hot biggest hottest 多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加 most careful beautiful most careful most beautiful 在原级前加 least important useful least important least useful(2)不规则变化:原级最高级good/well(身体好的)best many/much most bad/ill worst little least far farthest(
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