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1、构思新颖,品质一流,适合各个领域,谢谢采纳英语冠词用法归纳总结一、零冠词考点聚焦1.不用冠词的情况(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前,一般不加冠词。China,America,Smith Air is matter.(2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时,不加冠词。This dictionary is mine.(3)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。March,May Day,National Day,Childrens Day,Womens DayHave you had supper?Spring is the best se
2、ason of the year.(4)称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse、cook 等名词前及表示头衔职务名词作宾语、补语及同位语时,一般不加冠词。What s this,Father?We made him our chairman.Ask nurse to put the child to bed.Professor Li.(5)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.(6)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。They are peasants/workers.(7)在与 by 连用交
3、通工具名称前不加冠词。by car,by bus,by bike,by train,by air/water/land 但:take a bus,come in a boat,on the train/bus需注意。(8)某些固定词组中不用冠词。名词词组中:husband and wife,brother and sister,body and soul,day and night,knife and fork 介词词组中:to(at,from)school,in(to)class,in(to,at,from)university(college),to(in,into,from)church
4、,to(in,into,out of)prison(hospital,bed),to(at,from,out of)work,to(in,from)town,at(from)home,to(at)sea,at night(noon,midnight),by car(bus,bicycle,plane),on foot 注意:在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。in hospital 住院(因病)in the hospital在医院(工作、参观等)in front of在前面,指某物体之外in the front of在前部,指某物之内in charge负责,主管 out of question没问
5、题in the charge由负责 out of the question不可能(9)as 引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词不带冠词。Child as she is,she knows a lot of French.(10)系动词 turn(作“变成”解)后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。The young girl has turned writer.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页,共 6 页 -构思新颖,品质一流,适合各个领域,谢谢采纳=The young girl has become a writer.(11)在单数名词+after+同一单数名词(表示
6、“一个接一个”)结构中,单数可数名词前不加冠词。She did experiment after experiment.类似的还有:shop after shop,mistake after mistake(12)形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。“most+形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时,前面不用定冠词。Oh,its most beautiful.当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.当形容词最高级作表语,不表示与其他人或物相比时,其前不用定
7、冠词。The market in the country is busiest in winter.形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时,不能用定冠词。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第”之意,但在 second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一,再一”之意。why you took a second arrow 注意:下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠军”。He is a top student in our class,he often gets a first in maths
8、.(13)no 与 such 连用时应放在such 之前,such 后面的名词不用冠词。No such thing has ever happened in this village.(14)never、ever 置于作主语的名词前,这些名词前不用冠词。Never did student study so hard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。(15)有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力,或为了引起注意力,省去a(n)或 the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。Conference opens.会议召开了。2.不用冠词的情况快速回顾:1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:
9、England,Mary;2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;They are teachers.他们是教师。3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定意思时,需要加定冠词;Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6)在称呼或表示官
10、衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;The guards took the American to General Lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词如:have breakfast,play chess 8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。9)当 by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus,by train;名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页,共 6 页 -构思新颖,品质一流,适合各个领域,谢
11、谢采纳10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)11)不用冠词的序数词;a.序数词前有物主代词b.序数词作副词 He came first in the race.c.在固定词组中 at(the)first,first of all,from first to last 二、定冠词考点聚焦1)定
12、冠词的使用情况(1)使用定冠词的一般情况。特指或第二次提到。序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。(2)定冠词使用特殊的场合。He hit him in the face.beat sb.on the nose,take sb.by the arm,pat sb.on the head the rich,the poor,the wounded 富人,穷人,伤员 the elder of the two,he more beautiful of the two两者中较年长的一位,较漂亮的一个 The sooner,the better.越快越好。He
13、 got paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year但:by weight按重量 in the 50s/in the 1870s(表示年代)the Smiths/the Whites(表示一家人或夫妇俩)in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home 当抽象名词表示某一特定内容,特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时,它与定冠词连用:She is
14、 fond of music.He is playing the music written by Beethoven.Good advice is beyond price.I m sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.2)定冠词使用范围快速回顾:定冠词 the 与指示代词this,that同源,有 那(这)个 的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Take the medicine.把药吃了。2)上文提到过的人或事:He bought a house.Ive been to the h
15、ouse.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页,共 6 页 -构思新颖,品质一流,适合各个领域,谢谢采纳3)指世上独一物二的事物:the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth 4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人;the living 生者。5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same 等前面:Where do you live?I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住
16、在二层。Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.那正是我要找东西。6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United S
17、tates 美国9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)11)用在惯用语中:in the day,in the morning(afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky(water,field,country)in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,in the middle(of
18、),in the end,on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre 三、不定冠词考点聚焦3.不定冠词用法归纳总结:1)不定冠词用法总纲:(1)表示“一”相当于“one”。I ll return in a day or two.(2)表示“每”相当于“per”。We have three meals a day.(3)表示“同一性”相当于“the same”。The children are of an age.(4)表示类指,表示“某类”。He wants to he a doctor.(5)表示泛指,相当于“any”。A horse is a use
19、ful animal.(6)表示某一个,相当于“a certain”。A Mr.Smith is asking to see you.(7)与抽象名词连用,可以表示“一场、一次、一件”,如:a pleasure一件乐事,a surprise一件令人惊讶的事,a joy一件高兴的事,a pity一件遗憾的事,an honour一个(件)经以为荣的人(事)。(8)与物质名词连用,表示“一种,一阵、一份”。What a heavy rain!What a good supper!Please give me a black coffee!名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页,共
20、6 页 -构思新颖,品质一流,适合各个领域,谢谢采纳2)不定冠词用法快速回顾:冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。不定冠词 a(an)与数词 one 同源,是 一个的意思。a 用于辅音音素前,一般读作 e,而 an 则用于元音音素前,一般读做en。1)表示 一个 ,意为 one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。A Mr.Ling is waiting for
21、 you.2)代表一类人或物。A knife is a tool for cutting with.Mr.Smith is an engineer.3)词组或成语。a little/a few/a lot/a type of/a pile/a great many/many a/as a rule/in a hurry/in a minute/in a word/in a short while/after a while/have a cold/have a try/keep an eye on/all of a sudden 4.冠词表类别的常见方式(1)定冠词 +单数可数名词,表示一个,
22、代表一类。The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.(2)不定冠词 +单数可数名词(表示任意一个,某一个)。A pen is a tool for writing.A square has four sides.A horse is a useful animal.注意:man,woman表示泛指时,不用冠词,且常用单数。如:Man is fighting a battle against pollution.Man tries to
23、be the protector of woman.(3)可数名词或不可数名词,指类别(考虑到同类中各个情况)。Horses are useful animals.Rice is a kind of food.5.冠词位置问题(1)不定冠词 +副词+形容词 +名词。This is a very interesting story.(2)such、what、both、all、quite、rather+不定冠词+形容词+名词。I ve never seen such a film!Half a pound of pork,please!What a good idea it is!(3)as、so
24、、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.I can t finish the task in so short a time.This seems not too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页,共 6 页 -构思新颖,品质一流,适合各个领域,谢谢采纳However low te price you paid,you wa
25、ste your money.He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.(4)定冠词位置。half、twice、three times+the+名词He paid twice the price for it.Their house is three times the size of yours.all、both、double+the+名词Both the blind men were mistaken.All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.I offered hi
26、m double the amount,but he still refused.二、精典名题导解选择填空1.The warmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used.(NMET 2001)AThe;the Bthe;/C/;the D/;/解析:答案为B。第一空格为特指,交待the warmth 的内容,第二空格为泛指,the sort of wool used 所用羊毛的种类。此题有三点需注意:正确理解sweater 这一句词在句中的类别。掌握 determine在句中作“决定”、“取决于”这
27、个意思。掌握定冠词表特指的基本用法。2.Most animals have little connection with_animals of_different kind unless they kill them for food.(NMET 2000)Athe a B/a C the the D/the解析:答案为B。名词复数表类别,其前不用冠词,故第一个空格不填冠词,表不定概念的“一种”,“某种”要用不定冠词a。要准确掌握冠词表类别的三种表达方式和不定冠词常用的几种情况,见前面要点考点聚焦内容。3.Paper money was in_use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century.(NMET1999)Athe /B the the C/the D/解析:答案为C。题中 in use 是固定搭配,意为“在使用”,use 为抽象名词,其前不用冠词。后者是序数词前用定冠词the。要牢记固定搭配如in use、under construction(在建设中)、in debt(欠债)、come to power(执政)、on fire(着火)、at table(用餐)、out of work(失业)等。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页,共 6 页 -
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