2022年高一英语名词性从句讲解 .pdf

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1、1 名词性从句1.种类2.宾语从句的时态。3.that什么情况下可以省略，什么情况下不可以省略。4.whether 和 if 什么时候可以互换，什么时候不可以互换。5.如何区分同位语从句与定语从句。1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.2.I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.3.This is _ he was often late for school.4.We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun.一名词性

2、从句的概念：一个句子在 连接词 的引导下，在句子中 起名词作用 的句子叫名词性从句。二名词性从句的功能：相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。His job is important.(主语)What he does is important.(主语)This is his job.(表语)This is what he does every day.(表语)I don t like his job.(宾语)I don t like what he does every day.(宾语)I don t know about the fact that he i

3、s a teacher.(同位语)I don t know about the man,Mr.White.(同位语)得出结论：因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。三引导名词性从句的连接词：1、连接代词：who,whoever,whose,whom,whomever,what,which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。I dont believe _ he has achieved so far._ breaks the law should be punished.2、连接副词：when,where,wh

4、y,how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。_ we will hand in the project will be discussed later.Parents are thought to understand _ important education is to their children s future.The reason _ he was absent was that he was ill.3、连接词：that,whether,if,as if,as though。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether),as if 虽有词义，但在从句

5、中不担任成分。I dont care about _ you have money or not.The problem is _ Tom is able to arrive on time.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 8 页 -2 _ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet.It looks _ it is going to rain.The truth is _he didn t come for the concert._ the earth is round is true.四名词性从句的类型：

6、1.主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语。连接词有that,whether;who,what,which;when,where,how,why 等。如:_ he is a famous singer is known to us._ he will go to America is not yet fixed._ she s coming or not doesn t matter too much._ broke the glass yesterday is not clear.注意：1.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用 it 作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。记住以下 it 作形式

7、主语的句型：e.以 it 作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常见句型有：1.It is+名词+从句Its a pity/shame that,很可惜/很遗憾,Its no surprise/wonder that,毫不奇怪/很正常,2.It is+形容词+从句Its certain/uncertain/obvious that,肯定,/不确定/显然,Its likely/possible/probable that,有可能,3.It is+过去分词+从句Its said/reported/thought/believe that,据说/据报道/大家认为/人们相信,4.It+不及物动词+that 不及

8、物动词有 seem/happen/appear/occur/doesnt matter/makes no difference 5.It happens that,碰巧,It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.It is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.2.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主

9、语作主语，谓语动词用复数。When and where he was born hasn t been found.When he was born and where he was born haven t been found.Exercises:._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services._I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy.It s not clear _ was responsible for th

10、e accident.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 8 页 -3 _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.A.What is required B.What requires C.It is required D.It requires 2.表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that,whether,as if,as though;who,what,which,whose;when,where,how,

11、why,because 等。如:The problem is _ we didn t get in touch with him.This is _ Henry solved the problem.His suggestion is _ we(should)finish the work at once.It looked _ it was going to rain.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied注意：1.如果句子的主语是 suggestion,advice,order,demand,proposal 等名词时,

12、后面引导的 表语从句用 should+动词原形,should可省略。他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.His suggestion is that we(should)finish the work at once.2.The reason is that 的理由是，的原因是 The reason _ he was late again was _ he was caught in the traffic jam.3.It is because 这是因为 Exercises:This is _ she was born.The question is _ we can t go there to

13、day.My advice is that he _(go)to school by bike._ she couldn t understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.Energy is _ makes things work.3.宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导词有连词 that,whether,if;who,whom,whose,what,which;when,where,how,why 等。如:(1)V+宾语从句，即“动宾”：We believe that he is hones

14、t./I asked if they had a cheap suit./Can you tell me which dictionary is hers?/I really don t know what he is doing.I just dont understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect.A.why it does B.what it does C.what it is D.why it is-Dont you believe me?-_,I will beli

15、eve _ you say.A.No;whatever B.Yes;no matter what C.No;no matter what D.Yes;whatever“What did your parents think about your decision?”“They always let me do _ I think I should.”名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 8 页 -4 A.when B.that C.how D.what.(2)prep+宾语从句，即“介宾”：He s pleased with what we did yesterday.

16、/Pay attention to what the teacher said.I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests.A.whomever B.no matter who C.whoever D.anyone Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.A.why B.what C.who D.that It was a matter of _ would take the position.A.who B.whoever C

17、.whom D.whomever(3)adj+宾语从句，即“形宾”：I m sure that my brother will love the jacket./I am glad that you can come and help me.不能误将”It+be+adj+that”的主语从句当成宾语从句.如：It is necessary that we should learn English well.注意：(1)whether与 if 都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用 whether。I wonder if it doesn t rai

18、n.用 if 会引起误解，就要用whether。Please let me know whether you want to go.（如果把 whether改成 if，容易当成条件句理解）宾语从句中的 whether 与 or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换成if。I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用，构成whether to do结构。whether也可引导主

19、语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用 whether。They dont know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.Exercises:I asked her _ she had a bike._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Were worried about _ he is safe.I dont know _ he is

20、well or not.I dont know _ or not he is well.The question is _ he should do it.(2)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it 作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置，并且 that 不可以省略.He has made it clear that he will win the game.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 8 页 -5 I find it necessary that we should learn English well.We find it necessary that we pra

21、ctice spoken English every day.(3)表示“坚持，建议，命令，要求”的宾语从句，如一坚持insist，二命令 order command三建议 advise,suggest,recommend 四要求request,require,demand，desire 等，从句用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形,should可省略。I insisted that he(should)go with us.坚持要求He suggested that we should go to the park now.建议She insisted that she was true.坚

22、持认为The heavy cloud suggests that it is going to rain.暗示、表明(4)在“主语+believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的结构中，其否定形式要用否定转移，即主句否定，从句肯定。I don t think he will come.I don t think I ll trouble you again.I don t expect that they will get married soon.(5)宾语从句的时态呼应：a.如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.他相信他的梦想总有

23、一天会实现的.He believes _.b.请告诉我你昨天去了哪儿.Please tell me _.b.如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是 客观事实、真理、自然规律 等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备.He told me _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。He told me _.老师告诉我们有志者事竟成.The teacher told us _.Exercises:Do you see _ I mean?We must stick to _ we have agreed on.Let me see _I can repai

24、r the radio.4.同位语从句：在复合句中起同位语的作用。一般放在名词idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news,information;hope;thought;promise 等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。常用 that,whether,who,whom,when,where,why,how,which等引导(whose和 which 不引导同位语从句)We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet

25、been decided.The fact_he didn t see Tom yesterday is true.注意：1.名词 suggestion,advice,order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should 可省略。a.The suggestion that he _（put）forward at the meeting was agreed to by most people.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 8 页 -6 2.同位语从句有时没有紧跟在名词后面，而是被别的词分开，称为隔裂式同位语从句。He got the n

26、ews from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.Word came that Tom would go abroad.The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.Theres a feeling in me _well never know what a UFO is-not ever.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.Danby le

27、ft word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.3.如何判断同位语从句和定语从句?a.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that 不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个成分，充当宾语成分时可省略。b.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.五名词性从句的考点归纳：1.名词性从句的语序：a.That+陈述句：That light travels in straight

28、 lines is known to all.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.-_ it made me nearly mad.A.That he broke B.What he broke C.He broke D.His break b.疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语序，不能用一般疑问句语序,即“疑问词+句子的剩余成分”。I dont know when he will go to Nanjing./This is what we are looking for.a.How was he success

29、ful is still a puzzle.()b.Could you tell me where does he live?()2.表示“建议，命令，要求”的名词性从句，如(suggest)suggestion,(advise)advice,order,request,demand等，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形,should可省略。3.that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略that 不可省略的情况：主语从句/表语从句/同位语从句/用 it 做形式宾语的宾语从句/并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略I don t think _ she is co

30、ming.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.4.关于 whether 与 if 的使用：What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.The question is _the film is worth seeing._ his dream of going to col

31、lege will come true is uncertain.Exercise:名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 8 页 -7 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I don t know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.相关练习：1.I have no i

32、dea _he will come back.2.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.3._ I can t understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A.What;why B.Which;how C.That;why D.What;because 4.-Can I help you?-Yes,do you know _?A.when comes the bus B.when will come the bus C.

33、when does the bus come D.when the bus comes 5.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.二.用名词性从句连接下列句子:1.Liuxiang had an operation and has recovered.That is reported._ 2.He made a decision.He would accept his ugly wife._ 3.Could I recognize him as he came i

34、n the room.That was the problem._ 4.When will she recover?She had no idea._ 5.I made a suggestion.The suggestion is that he should go there at once._ 三、句子翻译1.请把奖品给先来的人。_ 2.越来越多的大学生面临着这样一个事实,找一份合适的工作实属不易。(face)_ 3.他近视(short-sighted)的原因是连续四五个小时不停地看书。_ 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页，共 8 页 -8 4.毫无疑问政府会采取措

35、施来阻止疾病的蔓延。（doubt）_ 5.会议是否会如期举行还没有被最后决定。（decide）_ 6.中国参加了世贸组织不仅是个巨大的挑战，而且是个很好的机遇。（not only,but also）_ 7.据报道，到目前为止，已经有2 个孩子在洪水中失去了生命。（It）_ 8.人类不得不接受这样一个事实：由于温室效应(greenhouse effect)，全球气候正在变暖。（because of）_ 四基础写作：据报道韩苗可(Hang Mioku)28 岁时决定要整容（have a facelift），显然，这对她的身体是不好的，几次手术后，她的脸变得特别大以至于父母都认不出她来了，他们的女儿变得其丑无比,他们难以接受这个事实。医生建议她不能再进行手术了，但问题是她不接受这个建议。韩苗可不知道什么时候才能康复。现在她最想重新拥有以前的容貌（previous appearance）。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 8 页，共 8 页 -