a和an的用法.pdf

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1、a 用在以辅音字母开头，或以读做辅音的元音字母开头的单词前面：a man 一个男人a university 一所大学a hat 一顶帽子a European 一个欧洲人a one-way street 一条单行马路an 用在以元音字母a，e，i，o，u开头，或以不发音的 h 字母开头的单词前面：an apple 一个苹果an island 一个岛an uncle 一位大叔an onion 一个洋葱an egg 一个鸡蛋an hour 一小时an 还用在发音以元音开头的单个字母前面：an Lplate 一块“实习驾驶”车牌an MP 一个国会议员an SOS 一个呼救信号anx一个 x 字母、X

2、 形的东西或未知数aan 没有性的变化：a man 一个男人a woman 一个女人an actor 一个男演员an actress 一个女演员1a table 一张桌子aan 不用在以下几种情况下：A 复数名词之前：aan 没有复数形式，所以 a dog 的复数是 dogs，an egg 的复数是 eggs。B 不可数名词之前参见第 13 节：C 三餐名称之前，但这些名称前加形容词时除外：We have breakfast at eight我们 8 点钟吃早饭。He gave us a good breakfast他请我们吃了一顿丰富的早餐。为了庆祝某事或特意为某人而举行的宴会之前要用冠词：

3、I was invited to dinnerat their house， in the ordinary way他们邀请我吃饭在他们家吃便饭。但是说：I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador我被邀请参加欢送新任大使的宴会。A aan 和 one形容词1 计算时间、测量距离或重量等时，aan 或 one 可以用于单数的前面：l=aone pound 一英镑 1，000，000 aone million pounds 100 万英镑参见第三十六章。但是，请注意：The rent is 100 a week房租为每

4、星期 100 英镑。2这个句子中 week 前面的 a 不能用 one 代替。参见第 2 节 F。在其他类型的陈述句中 aan 和 one 通常不能互换，因为 one+名词通常意为 one onlynot more than one只有一个，而 aan 则没有这个意思：A shotgun is no good猎枪不行。这种武器不合适。One shotgun is no good一枝猎枪不行。我需要两枝或三枝。2 one 的特殊用法a one形容词代词与 anotherothers 对照连用：Oneboywanted to read，anotherothers wanted to watch T

5、V一个男孩想看书，另一个别的男孩们想看电视。参见第 53 节。One day he wanted his lunch early， another day he wanted it late他一天要早点吃午饭，另一天又要晚点吃午饭。b one 可以用在 dayweekmonthyearsummerwinter 等词之前，或者用在日期或月份的名称之前，以特指某事发生的时间：One night there was a terrible storm一天晚上有一场特大的风暴。One winter the snow fell early有一年冬天雪下得早。On e day a telgram arriv

6、ed有一天来了一封电报。c one day 也可用来表示 at some future date将来有一天：One day youll be sorry you treated himso badly这里也可用 someday。终有一天你会因为待他这么不好而懊悔的。关于 one 和 you，参见第 68 节。3B aan 和 one代词one 是可以用来代替 aan 的相应的代词形式：-Did you get a ticket？-Yes，I managed to get one-你搞到票了吗？-是的，我设法搞到了一张。具有这种用法的 one 的复数形式是 some：-Did you get t

7、ickets？-Yes，I managed to get some-你搞到票了吗？-是的，我设法搞了几张。1.一(个，件，)： He had a book under his arm他手臂下夹着一本书。 He was a boy from a poor home. 他是来自穷苦家庭的孩子。 I saw a girl watering the flowers. 我看见一个女孩在浇花。 Anna had a boy friend named James. 安娜有个男朋友名叫詹姆斯。 He arrived half an hour ago. 他是半小时前到达的。 He is an able man.

8、 他是一个能干的人。 Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。 The book is based on an actual case. 这书是根据一个实际案例写的。 He decided to put an advertisement in the newspapers. 他决定在报上登一份广告。 2.任何都： A bird has wings. 鸟有翅膀。 A square has four sides. 正方形有四条边。4 A dog is an animal. 狗是动物。 3.每(一)： He comes home once a

9、 week. 他每周回一次家。 The doctor told him to bathe his eyes twice a day. 医生让他每天洗两次眼睛。 The ducks were force-fed several times a day. 这种鸭子每天强行喂食好几次。 4.某，某一个： A Mr. Black just came to see you. 刚刚一个叫布莱克先生的人来看你。 The house next door has been bought by a Mr Jones. 隔壁的房子被一个叫琼斯的先生的人买下了。【考点说明】 1. 用 a 还是用 an：一般说来，在辅

10、音或半元音开头的词前用 a，而在元音开头的词前用 an。注意：有些以元音字母开头的单词，由于第一个音不是元音而是辅音，其前仍用 a 而不用 an。 2. 单数可数名词假设泛指，其前需加 a / an，不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉此不定冠词，如不能说 Her fatheris famous film poet.(应在 is 加 a) 3.不能与指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格等连用，如不说 my a good friend，可改说 a good friend ofmine。不定冠词最基本的用途就是用来表示“一”这概念，如： A stitch in time saves nine. Jason is a

11、n internationally known scholar.此外，a/an 还有以下 6 种用途：一常和 time、measurement 等有关的名词连用，以表示“每” 的概念，如： I teach five days a week. This type of vegetables is sold at one dollar a kilo. My car usually runs sixty kilometres an hour.二常和 hundred, thousand, dozen 以及数目及数量连用，如： That factory turns out at least a hund

12、red tyres a day. Noels monthly salary is a thousand dollars. I have a number of sponsored students.5 Mary has a lot of money.三在“of / at”后面出现，以表示“同一类”这概念，如： Birds of a feather flock together. 11. Please come one at a time. 12. Things of a kind come together, so do people of a mind.四常在“rather, quite,

13、many, half, what, such”等字后面出现，形成固定用法，如： 13. Tom is rather a fool. 14. I think Chinese is quite a useful language. 15. Many a student has asked that question. 16. The visitor left half an hour ago. 17. What a fine day it is! 18. How can you say such a thing?五用在“so, as, too, how +形容词”这些结构里，如： 19. We h

14、ave not had so hot a day before. 20. Susan is as clever a girl as Anna. 21. That is too difficult a book for beginners. 22. No one knew how serious a problem it was until later.六出现在许多惯用语中，如： 23. Bob always has a bone to pick with others. 24. Some students turned a deaf ear to the teachers advice. 25. All must learn a language with an eye to mastering it. 26. I hope you will make an effort to attend the meeting punctually. 27. Jason has an aversion to being idle. 28. The news of Jacks sudden resignation came as a bolt from the blue6