2022年英语语法框架详细总结 .pdf

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1、一、词法数量：10 大类分类依据：形式特征、意义、句法作用词类定义例词实词Notional word 名词Noun 表示事物名称的词Market,people,water,information 代词Pronoun 代替名词或名词所有格的词I,me,we,your,hers,all,nothing 动词Verb 表示动作或状态的词Are,do,go,eat 形容词Adjective 表示人或事物性质特征的词Young,fast,excellent 副词Adverb 表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词Very,well,always 数词Numeral 表示数目或顺序的词One,first,thou

2、sand 虚词Empty word 冠词Article 名词前，说明名词含义A,an,the 介词Proposition 名词或代词之间，表关系Of,to,after,连词Conjunction 连接，“关节”之意And,but,if 感叹词Injection 情感态度的词Oh,ah,well 二、句法分类方法：按成分、按类别1.句子成分成分充当词例句英语语法框架概名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 7 页 -主语 subject“谁”“什么”动作或状态的发出者名词人称代词物主代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词基数词序数词形容词不定式动名词从句Noun Personal p

3、ronoun Possessive pronoun Demonstrative pronoun Interrogative pronoun Indefinite pronoun Cardinal numeral Ordinal numeral Adjective Infinitive Gerund clause The sun gives us light and heat.We love life.Your idea is good,but mine is better.This is my favorite teacher.What is the most important thing

4、in your life?Nobody can stop me studying.Two of you are my best students.The second is my sister.The old should be taken care of in our country.To talk is easier than to do.Helping others can bring us happiness.What you did is better than what you said.谓语 predicate主语的动作或状态实意动词联系动词Notional verb Linki

5、ng verb We plan to review our lessons in three months.We are Chinese.宾语 object及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容名词人称代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词物主代词Noun Personal pronoun Reflexive pronoun Demonstrative pronoun Interrogative pronoun Infinitive pronoun Possessive pronoun Nowadays many foreigners are learning Chinese.He fools us

6、 all.Believe in yourself.I thank you will like this.Who are you waiting for?They got everything they want.He is an old friends of hers.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 7 页 -相互代词Reciprocal pronoun We should learn to respect each other.宾语补足语object complement宾语之后，补充说明形容词副词名词介词短语不定式现在分词过去分词Adjective Adver

7、b Noun Prepositional phrase Infinitive Present participle Past participle That news will make mother happy.Let me show you out.We chose Tom our monitor.Jerry found him in a strange world.Do not force me to do anything I dont like.Don t keep me waiting too long.They ran away and left the work unfinis

8、hed.表语 predictive说明主语，“补足语”形容词副词指示代词疑问代词不定代词基数词序数词介词短语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词从句Adjective Adverb Demonstrative pronoun Interrogative pronoun Indefinite pronoun Cardinal numeral Ordinal numeral Prepositional phrase Infinitive Gerund Present participle Past participle clause The mountains are green.Time is up.W

9、hat I want is this.I wander who you are.It is nothing serious.Two plus two is four.My mother is always the first to get up.The watch is just under the table.My job is to clean the road.His bobby is collecting stamps.The result is disappointing.We are disappointed to the result.That is what IQ means.

10、名词形容词副词Noun Adjective Adverb He works in a car factory.Now the world is just like a small village.The native there are very friendly.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 7 页 -定语 attribute修饰名词或代词物主代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词基数词序数词介词短语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词从句Possessive pronoun Demonstrative pronoun Interrogative pronoun Indefin

11、ite pronoun Cardinal numeral Ordinal numeral Prepositional phrase Infinitive Gerund Present participle Past participle clause Their invention won the world prize.These wild plants are well protected.Which river is the longest in the world?Both his parents are doctors.The organization contains eight

12、countries.He was the fifth player to receive the honor.Many secrets in space remain unknown.So I have nothing to say for myself.I bought a walking stick for my grandfather.Tom got injured by a falling tree.They reached an old house built 200 years ago.Those who drink water will not forget the people

13、 who dig the well.状语 adverbial位置随意，修饰任意动词、副词、形容词从句、全句名词形容词副词不定式现在分词过去分词介词短语从句独立主格Noun Adjective Adverb Infinitive Present participle Past participle Prepositional phrase Clause nominative absolute structure Li Ming is one year old than I.The travelers came back,safe and sound.The son often write to

14、his parents.Mother went to buy something in the market.He stood up,looking at the boss coldly.Led by the natives,we found the old castle.From the space the astronaut saw a blue globe.Where there is smoke,there is fire.Weather permitting,we will go for a 同位语 appositive前名词、代词的具体内容名词代词Noun Pronoun Miss

15、 Wu,our English teacher,is kind to us.They each have a PC.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 7 页 -数词从句Numeral clause I have prepared a nice dinner for you two.We ve got the news that our team won the match.2.句子类别分类：按使用目的、按结构（1）按使用目的：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句类别例句陈述句Declarative sentence 肯定句Assertive sentence His na

16、me was Pangu.She began searching for that something.否定句Negative sentence I can not agree with you.It doesnt matter.疑问句Question sentence 一般疑问句General question Did Italy win the World Cap?Is that film interesting?特殊疑问句Special question What is your name?Where can you find the answer、选择疑问句Alternative qu

17、estion Are you a teacher or a student？Do you like coffee or tea？反义疑问句Disjunctive question It is fine day,isnt it?No one accepted your offer,did they?名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 7 页 -祈使句imperative sentence Do not take everything for granted!Follow me,please.感叹句exclamatory sentence What a good teac

18、her he is!How good a teacher he is!(2)按结构：简单句、并列句、复合句类别例句简单句 simple sentence 5 种基本类型S+VI The sun rises in the east.S+VT+O Many families keep pets.S+V+C China is still a developing country.S+VT+O1+O2 He sent me an e-mail yesterday.S+VT+O+C My girl always makes me happy.并列句Coordinate sentence He likes

19、 to watch TV but I like to read books.You can do your homework first and then you can play with your friends.名词性从句Noun clause 主语从句 subject 宾语从句 object 表语从句 predicative 同位语从句appositive What you said is true.You knew that beauty should be natural.That is when I studied.He made a promise that he would

20、come back.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 7 页 -复合句Complex sentence 状语从句Adverbial clause 时间状语 time 条件状语 condition 原因状语 cause 目的状语 purpose 结果状语 result 地点状语 place 让步状语 concession 方式状语 manner 比较状语 comparison We have finished the work before the came.If it rains,we have to stay at home.She was absent beca

21、use she was ill.He left home early in order that he could work.Tom was so tired that he fell behind.Lucy found her MP3 where she lost it.Though I am poor,I am happy.Do it as I do.You are stronger than I am.定语从句attributive clause Do you know the boy who is playing basketball?This is the result that I wanted.Hope is a good thing,maybe the best of things,and no good thing ever dies.希望是美好的，也许是人间至至美；美好的事物永不消逝。-肖申克的救赎名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页，共 7 页 -