2022年英语选修原文,单词及翻译 2.pdf

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1、1 人教版英语选修6 课文原文及课文译文Unit 1 Art 第一单元艺术A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING 西方绘画艺术简史The styles of Western art had changed many times,while Chinse art had changed less ofen.Art is influenced?nfl?nsn.影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事vt.影响；改变by the customs k?st?mzn.海关；风俗（custom 的复数）；习惯；关税and faith fe?n.信仰；信念；信任；忠实of a peo

2、ple.Styles sta?lzn.风格；样式；模式（style 的复数形式）in Western art have changed many times.As there are so many different style s of Western art,it would be impossible?mp?s?b(?)ladj.不可能的；不可能存在的；难以忍受的；不真实的n.不可能；不可能的事to describe all of them in such a short text tekstn.计 文本；课文；主题vt.发短信.Consequently k?ns?kw(?)ntl?a

3、dv.因此；结果；所以,this text will describe only the most important ones.Starting from the sixth century AD.chine t?a?n n.脊骨；脊柱chinse t?ins n.填隙；捻缝Chinese,t?aini:z n.中文，汉语；中国人adj.中国的，中国人的；中国话的西方艺术风格变化较大而中国艺术风格变化较小。人们的生活方式和信仰影响了艺术。中国和欧洲不同生活方式在长时间里相似。西方艺术丰富多彩仅凭一篇短短的课文难以描述全面。所以本篇课文仅描述了从公元5 世纪开始的几种主要风格。The Midd

4、le Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)During the Middle Ages,the main aim e?m of painters was to represent repr?zent religious r?l?d?s themes i?mz.A conventional k?nven?(?)n(?)l artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were.A typical t?p?k(?)ladj.典型的；特有的；象征性的

5、 picture at this time was full of religious symbols s?mb?lsn.符号；象征；标志；符号表（symbol 的复数）,which created kr?e?t?dv.创造；建立；造成（create 的过去分词形式）a feeling of respectr?spekt and love for God.But it was evident ev?d(?)ntadj.明显的；明白的that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone

6、began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic r?l?st?kadj.现实的；现实主义的；逼真的；实在论的way.aim e?mn.目的；目标；对准vt.目的在于；引导；把对准vi.打算；对准目标；瞄准represent repr?zentvt.代表；表现；描绘；回忆；再赠送vi.代表；提出异议religious r?l?d?sadj.宗教的；虔诚的；严谨的；修道的n.修道士；尼姑themes i?mzn.主题（theme 的复数）；布景主题；桌面主题conventional k?nven?(?)n(?)ladj.符合习俗的，传统的；常

7、见的；惯例的respect r?spektn.尊敬，尊重；方面；敬意vt.尊敬，尊重；遵守中世纪公元5 世纪到 15 世纪在中世纪画家的主要任务是表现宗教主题。艺术家们并没有把兴趣放在呈现人和自然的真实面貌上而是着力于体现对上帝的爱戴和敬重。因此这段时期的绘画充满着宗教的信条。到13 世纪时情况已经开始发生变化像乔托这样的画家以比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。The Renaissance r?n?s nsn.文艺复兴（欧洲14 至 17 世纪）(15th to 16th century)During the Renaissance,new ideas and values v?lj?zn.价值观

8、念；价值标准 gradually gr?d?l?;gr?dj?l?adv.逐步地；渐渐地replaced those held in 抑制；约束the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate k?ns(?)ntre?t less on religious themes and adopt?d?pt a more humanistic,hju?m?n?st?kadj.人文主义的；人道主义的attitude to 对.态度，看法 life.At the same time painters return edr?t?n to classical kl?s?k

9、(?)l Roman and Greek ideas about art.They tried to paint people and nature as they really were.Rich people wanted to possess p?zesvt.控制；使掌握；持有；迷住；拥有，具备 their own paintings,so they could decorate dek?re?tv.装饰；布置；授勋给 their superb su?p?b;sju?-adj.极好的；华丽的；宏伟的palaces and great houses.They paid famous art

10、ists to paint pictures of themselves,their houses and possessions p?ze?(?)nn.拥有；财产；领地；自制；着迷as well as their activities?kt?v?t?n.活动；行动；活跃and achievements?t?i?v m(?)ntn.成就；完成；达到；成绩.hold h?ldn.控制；保留vi.支持；有效；持续vt.持有；拥有；保存；拘留；约束或控制n.(Hold)人名；(英、德、捷)霍尔德名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 24 页 -2 concentrate k?

11、ns(?)ntre?tvi.集中；浓缩；全神贯注；聚集vt.集中；浓缩n.浓缩，精选；浓缩液adopt?d?ptvi.采取；过继vt.采取；接受；收养；正式通过attitude?t?tju?d n.态度；看法；意见；姿势classical kl?s?k(?)ladj.古典的；经典的；传统的；第一流的n.古典音乐return r?t?n vi.返回；报答adj.报答的；回程的；返回的vt.返回；报答n.返回；归还；回球文艺复兴时期15 世纪到 16 世纪在文艺复兴时期新的思想和价值观取代了中世纪的那一套人们开始更关心人而不是宗教。画家们回到了罗马、希腊的艺术理论上。他们尽力地画出人和自然的真实面

12、貌。富人们想为自己的宫殿和豪宅收藏艺术品他们高价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画画画自己的房屋和其他财物画他们的活动画他们的成就。One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective p?spekt?vn.观点；远景；透视图 adj.透视的.This technique tekni?kn.技巧，技术；手法 was first used by Masaccio in 1428.When people first saw his paintings,they were c

13、onvinced that 确信，信服；相信they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.If the rules of perspectivehad not been discovered,no one would have been able to paint such realisticpictures.By coincidence k?ns?d(?)nsn.巧合；一致；同时发生,oil paints were also develop ed at this time,which made the colours u

14、sed in paintings look richer and deeper.Without the new paints and the new technique,we would not be able to see the many great masterpiece s m?st?pi?s n.杰作；绝无仅有的人for which this period is famous.convince k?nv?nsvt.说服；使确信，使信服在这个阶段最重要的发现之一是如何用透视法来画出事物的形象。在1428 年马萨乔成为第一个在绘画中使用透视方法的人当人们第一次看到他的画时还以为是透过墙上

15、的小孔来观看真实的情景并对此深信不疑。如果没有透视法人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画,巧合的，在文艺复兴时期油画也得到了发展它使得色彩看上去更丰富更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的技术,我们将无法看到许多伟大的这一时期著名的杰作。Impressionism?mpre?n?z?mn.印象派，印象主义(late 19th to early 20th century)印象派时期19 世纪后期到20世纪初期In the late 19th century,Europe changed a great deal 大量；非常,from a mostly agricultural society s?sa?t?n.社会

16、；交往；社团；社交界 to a mostly industrial one.Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities.There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional tr?d?(?)n(?)ladj.传统的；惯例的style of painting were the Impressionists,wh

17、o lived and worked in Paris.Impressionist?mpre?n?st?mpr?n?st n.印象主义者；印象派作家Impressionism?mpre?n?z?mn.印象派，印象主义19 世纪后期欧洲发生了巨大的变化从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入城市。有着大量的新发明还有许多社会变革。这些变革也自然而然地导致了绘画风格上的变化。那些打破传统画法的人有在巴黎生活和工作的印象派画家。The Impressionist s were the first painters to work outdoors.They were eager t

18、o 盼望，渴望要做show how light and shadow?d?fell on objects at different times of day.However,because natural light changes so quickly,the Impressionist s had to paint quickly.Their paintings were not as detailed di?te?ld as those of earlier painters.At first,many people disliked this style of painting and

19、 became very angry about it.They said that the painters were carelesske?l?s and their paintings were ridiculous r?d?kj?l?sadj.可笑的；荒谬的.eager i?g?adj.渴望的；热切的；热心的n.(Eager)人名；(英)伊格shadow?d?n.阴影；影子；幽灵；庇护；隐蔽处adj.影子内阁的vt.遮蔽；使朦胧；尾随；预示vi.渐变；变阴暗detailed di?te?ldadj.详细的，精细的；复杂的，详尽的v.详细说明（detail 的过去分词）careless

20、ke?l?sadj.粗心的；无忧无虑的；淡漠的n.(Careless)人名；(英)凯尔利斯名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 24 页 -3 印象派画家是第一批室外写生的艺术家。他们想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影画出来。由于自然光的变化很快所以印象派画家必须很快地作画。因此他们的画就不像以前那些画家的画那样细致了起初多数人都看不惯这种新式画法甚至还非常生气。他们说这些画家作画时心不在焉粗枝大叶他们的作品更是荒唐。Modern Art(19th century to today)现代艺术 20 世纪至今At the time they were create

21、d,the Impressionist paintings were controversial k?ntr?v?(?)ladj.有争议的；有争论的,but today they are accepted 被接受 as the beginning of what we call modern art.This is because the Impressionist s encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.There are scores of 许多，大量modern art styles,but withou

22、t the Impressionist s,many of these painting style s might not exist 不存在.On the one hand 一方面,some modern art is abstract?bstr?kt;that is,the painter does not attempt?tem(p)t to paint objects as we see them with our eyes,but instead?nstedadv.代替；反而；相反 concentrate s on certain qualities?kw?l?t?z统计 品质 o

23、f the object,using colour,line and shape?e?p to represent them.On the other hand 另一方面,some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photograph s.These styles are so different.Who can predict pr?d?kt what painting style s there will be in the future?scores sk?z n.考试成绩；比分（score 的复数

24、）v.得分（score 的第三人称单数形式）；刻划exist?gz?st;eg-vi.存在；生存；生活；继续存在abstract?bstr?ktn.摘要；抽象；抽象的概念adj.抽象的；深奥的vt.摘要；提取；使抽象化；转移(注意力、兴趣等)；使心不在焉vi.做摘要；写梗概attempt?tem(p)tn.企图，试图；攻击vt.企图，试图；尝试shape?e?pn.形状；模型；身材；具体化vt.形成；塑造，使成形；使符合vi.形成；成形；成长n.(Shape)人名；(瑞典)沙佩photograph s f?ut?gr?fsn.照片；逼真的描绘（photograph 的复数）v.拍照；逼真地描绘

25、；记入脑中（photograph的三单形式）predict pr?d?ktvi.作出预言；作预料，作预报vt.预报，预言；预知在印象派作品的创建初期他们存在争议,但是现在已经被人们接受并且成为现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖。如今现代艺术已有几十多种如果没有印象派艺术也就没有那么多不同的风格印象派画家帮助艺术家们用新的方法来观察环境和艺术。有些现代艺术是抽象的也就是说画家并不打算把我们的眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来而是集中体现某些物体的某些品质和特征用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。另一方面有些现代派的艺术作品太逼真了看上去就像一张照片。预言将来艺术的风格倒是很有意思的。Using Language

26、 The Best of Manhattan s Galleries 曼哈顿艺术画廊荟萃gallery g?l(?)r?美 g?l?ri n.画廊；走廊；旁听席；地道vt.在修建走廊；在挖地道vi.挖地道 n.(Gallery)人名；(英)加勒里The Frick Collection(5th Avenue?v(?)nju?n.大街；林荫大道and E.70th Street)弗里克收藏馆位于第五大道和麦迪逊大道之间Many art lovers would rather宁愿，宁可visit this small art gallery than any other in New York.H

27、enry Clay Frick,a rich New Yorker,died in 1919,leaving his house,furniture f?n?t?n.家具；设备；储藏物and art collection to the American people.Frick had a preference for 偏爱 pre-twentieth century Western paintings,and these are well-represent ed in this excellent eks(?)l(?)ntadj.卓越的；极好的；杰出的 collection.You can

28、 also explore?kspl?;ek-v.探索；探测；探险 Frick s beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit.preference pref(?)r(?)nsn.偏爱，倾向；优先权rather r?e?adv.宁可，宁愿；相当int.当然啦（回答问题时用）许多艺术爱好者都认为这个收藏馆是纽约最好的一家小型艺术陈列馆。亨利克莱弗里克是纽约的一位富豪。他去世于1919 年他把他的家具、房子和艺术收藏品都捐献给了美国人民。在这个陈列馆里你不仅看到20 世纪以前的西方绘画的珍藏品而且你还能浏览弗里克的美丽的故居。在这个

29、漂亮的公寓里花园也是很值得一看的。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 24 页 -4 Guggenheim u?nhaimMuseum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)古根海姆博物馆第 5 大道和第88 街交汇处This museum owns?n 5,000 superb modern paintings,sculpture s sk?lpt?n.雕塑；雕刻；刻蚀vt.雕塑；雕刻；刻蚀 vi.从事雕刻 and drawings.These art works are not all displayed at the same time.The

30、exhibition eks?b?(?)nn.展览，显示；展览会；展览品is always changing.It will appeal?pi?l to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionistpaintings.The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous.When you walk into the gallery,you fell as if you were inside a fragile fr?d?a?ladj.脆的；易碎的,white seashell si?

31、eln.海贝，贝壳；海贝壳.The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom b?t?m.There are no stairs,just a circular s?kj?l?path.The museum also has an excellent restaurant.own?nn.自己的 adj.自己的；特有的vt.拥有；承认vi.承认 n.(Own)人名；(阿拉伯)奥恩appeal?pi?ln.呼吁，请求；吸引力，感染力；上诉；诉诸裁判vt.将上诉，对

32、上诉vi.呼吁，恳求；上诉；诉诸，求助；有吸引力，迎合爱好；（体育比赛中）诉诸裁判post-p?ust-pref.表示“后、在之后”的意思bottom b?t?mn.底部；末端；臀部；尽头adj.底部的 vt.装底；测量深浅；查明真相vi.到达底部；建立基础n.(Bottom)人名；(英)博顿button?b?tnvi.扣住；装有纽扣；扣上纽扣n.按钮；纽扣vt.扣住；扣紧；在上装纽扣n.(Button)人名；(英)巴顿circular s?kj?l?n.通知，传单adj.循环的；圆形的；间接的statues st?tju?;-t?u?n.雕像，塑像vt.以雕像装饰sculpture s sk

33、?lpt?n.雕塑；雕刻；刻蚀vt.雕塑；雕刻；刻蚀vi.从事雕刻这家博物馆拥有5000 幅现代油画、雕塑和素描。这些艺术品并不是同时展出的,展品总是在不断地更换。所收藏的艺术品中大部分是印象派和后印象派的作品。古根海姆博物馆的大楼是世界闻名的。当你走进画廊的时候你会觉得你进入了一个巨大的白色贝壳之中。看画展最好是从顶层看起一直往下看到底层。展厅里没有楼梯只有一条环行的小道。博物馆里还有一家极好的餐馆。Metropolitan Museum of Art(5th Avenue and 82nd Street)纽约大都会艺术博物馆(第 5 大道与第 82 街交汇处)metropolitan me

34、tr?p?l?t(?)nn.大城市人；大主教；宗主国的公民adj.大都市的；大主教辖区的；宗主国的The reputation repj?te?(?)nn.名声，名誉；声望 of this museum lies in 在于；睡懒觉；待产 the variety v?ra?t?of its art collection.This covers more than 5,000 years of civilization?s?v?la?ze?nn.文明；文化from many parts of the world,including America,Europe,China,Egypt,other

35、 African countries and South America.The museun displays more than just the visual v?j?l;-zj-adj.视觉的，视力的；栩栩如生的delights of art.It introduces ,intr?dju:sis 介绍,初次接触,主持,引进,使初次接触you to ancient ways of living.You can visit an Egyptian temple,a fragrant fre?gr(?)ntadj.芳香的；愉快的 Ming garden,a typical room in

36、an 18th century French house and other special exhibition s.variety v?ra?t?n.多样；种类；杂耍；变化，多样化这家博物馆是美国收藏艺术品最多的一家,它的艺术品收藏涵盖了5000 多年来世界上众多国家的文明史其中包括美洲、欧洲、中国、埃及、非洲和南美洲。这家博物馆展出的不仅仅只是艺术它还给你介绍了古代的生活方式。你可以看到埃及的寺庙明朝的御花园18 世纪法国豪宅中的住房以及许多其他特殊展品。Museum of Modern Art(53rd Street,between 5th and 6th Avenues)现代艺术博物

37、馆第53街位于第 5 和第 6 大道之间It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed haustadj.封装的 in the same museum.The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet,Van Gogh,Picasso and Matisse.A few words of warning:the admissi

38、on?dm?(?)nn.承认；入场费；进入许可；坦白；录用 price is not cheap t?i?p adv.便宜地 adj.便宜的；小气的；不值钱的and the museum is often very crowd ed kra?d?dadj.拥挤的；塞满的 v.拥挤（crowd 的过去分词）.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 24 页 -5 crowd kra?dn.群众,一伙;一堆,许多,大众 v.拥挤,挤满,挤进 vt.挤满,将.塞进;催促,催逼 vi.挤,拥挤,聚集令人惊奇的是在同一博物馆里竟能容纳下19 世纪后期到21 世纪的如此众多的名家巨作

39、。西方艺术的收藏包括有莫奈、凡高、毕加索和马蒂斯等著名艺术家的作品。有几句话需要提醒你注意博物馆票价不菲常常拥挤。Whitney Museum of American Art(945 Madison Avenue,near 75th Street)The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary k?ntemp(?)r(?r)?painting and sculpture.There are no permanent p?m(?)n?nt displays in this museum and exhibition s chan

40、ge all the time 总是这样。；一直这样。.Every two years,the Whitney holds a special exhibitionof new art by living artists.The museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists.holds h?uldzv.把握（hold 的第三人称单数）；保存 n.保留（hold 的复数）；线索；支撑物hold h?ldn.控制；保留vi.支持；有效；持续vt.持有；拥有；保存；拘留；约束或控制n.(Hold)人名；(英、德、捷)

41、霍尔德又作“Hold 住”使用，中英混用词汇，表示轻松掌控全局。contemporary k?ntemp(?)r(?r)?adj.当代的；同时代的；属于同一时期的n.同时代的人；同时期的东西permanent p?m(?)n?ntadj.永久的，永恒的；不变的n.烫发（等于permanent wave）video v?d?n.电子 视频；录像，录像机；电视adj.视频的；录像的；电视的v.录制惠特尼美国艺术博物馆麦迪逊大道945 号靠近第 75 街惠特尼博物馆藏有极好的当代美国画和雕塑品。馆内没有永久性的展出展品都是随时更换的。惠特尼博物馆每两年有一次特殊的展览展品是仍然在世的画家们的新作。这

42、家博物馆还展出当代影视艺术家的录像和电影作品。Unit 2 Poems p?m po?m n.诗第二单元诗歌A few simple forms of English Poems 英语诗歌的几种简单形式There are various ve?r?sadj.各种各样的；多方面的 reasons why people write poetry p?tr?n.诗；诗意，诗情；诗歌艺术.Some Poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression.Others

43、try to convey k?nve?vt.传达；运输；让与certain emotion s im?u?nzn.心理 情绪；心理 情感（emotion 的复数形式）.Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves.In this text,however,we will look at a few of the simpler forms.certain s?t(?)n;-t?nadj.某一；必然的；确信；无疑的；有把握的pron.某些；某几个n.(Certain)人名；(葡)塞尔塔因；(法)塞尔坦人们写诗有着各

44、种各样的理由。有些诗是为了叙事或者说是描述某件事并给读者以强烈的印象。而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情。诗人用许多不同格式的诗来表达自己的情感。本文只谈了几种格式比较简单的诗。Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nurseryn?s(?)r?rhyme s ra?m童谣；儿歌.These rhyme s like the one on the right(A)are still a common type普通型 of childrens poetry.The language is concrete k?kri?t

45、 but imaginative?m?d?n?t?vadj.富于想象的；有创造力的,and they delight small children because they rhyme,have strong rhythm r?e(?)mn.节奏；韵律 and a lot of repetition rep?t?(?)nn.重复；背诵；副本.The Poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory k?ntr?d?kt(?)r?adj.矛盾的；反对的；反驳的；抗辩的n.对立物；矛盾因素,but they are easy to learn

46、 and recite r?sa?tv.背诵；叙述；列举.By playing with the words in nursery rhyme s,children learn about language.nursery n?s(?)r?n.苗圃；托儿所；温床rhyme ra?mn.韵律；韵脚；韵文；押韵词vt.使押韵；用韵诗表达；把写作诗vi.押韵；作押韵诗concrete k?kri?tadj.混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的n.具体物；凝结物vt.使凝固；用混凝土修筑vi.凝结最早用英文写的诗是童谣。孩子们很小就学习童谣。像下边的这首童谣A 至今仍然是常见的。这些童谣能使俏皮孩子们快乐

47、因为它们节奏感强并且押韵而且重复多遍。这样就容易学也容易背。通过童谣中的文字游戏教孩子们学习名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 24 页 -6 语言。A Hush,little baby,dont say a word,小宝宝别吵吵Papas going to buy you a mockingbird m?k?b?d.爸爸给你买个小哩鸟。If that mockingbird wont sing,小哩鸟不会唱Papas going to buy you a diamond ring 钻石戒指，钻戒爸爸给你买个钻石戒。If that diamond ring turn

48、s to brassbr?s,钻石戒变成铜Papas going to buy you a looking-glass.爸爸给你买个小镜子。If that looking-glass gets broke,小镜子打破了Papas going to buy you a billy-goat 雄山羊爸爸给你买个小山羊。If that billy-goat runs away,小山羊跑掉了。Papas going to buy you another today.爸爸今天再去买一只。hush h?n.安静；肃静；沉默vt.安静；肃静；缄默int.嘘；别作声vi.沉默；安静下来mockingbird

49、m?k?b?d n.模仿鸟；嘲鸫属鸣禽；蓝嘲鸫（等于mocking thrush）brass br?s n.黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器；厚脸皮n.(Brass)人名；(英、法、德)布拉斯billy b?l?n.棍棒，警棍；伙伴One of the simplest kinds of Poems are those like B and C that list things.List Poems have a flexible line 软线 length and repeated r?pi?t?dadj.再三的，反复的v.重复；复述（repeat 的过去分词）phrases which give

50、 both a pattern p?t(?)n and a rhythm to the Poem.Some rhyme (like B)while others do not(like C).flexible fleks?b(?)ladj.灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的phrases fre?z?zn.语 短语；词组；乐句；措词（phrase 的复数）v.用话表示；把分成短句；用短语描述（phrase的三单形式）pattern p?t(?)nn.模式；图案；样品vt.模仿；以图案装饰vi.形成图案像 B和 C这样列举事物的清单诗是诗歌中最简单的一种学生可以自己动手写。清单诗可以重复一些短语和韵脚如B