2022年人教版高中英语必修现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解 .pdf

《2022年人教版高中英语必修现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年人教版高中英语必修现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解 .pdf（6页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、人教版高中英语必修2 现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解(教师版)1/6【高一同步教程】高中英语必修2 现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解【学习目标】1现在完成时被动语态的结构2现在完成时被动语态的主要用法3使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题【课前预习】1什么是语态？语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者（受动者）。2对现在完成时被动语态的理解现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“have+been+动词过去分词”。试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：

2、1）主动句：He has repaired the machine for two hours.他修理这台机器已有两小时了。被动句：The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已修了两小时了。2）主动句：The teacher has borrowed the books.老师把那些书借走了。被动句：The books have been borrowed by the teacher.那些书被老师借走了。【教学过程】一、现在完成时被动语态的构成1现在完成时被动语态的肯定式由“have has been 及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：Two

3、 windows have been broken 两个窗子被打破了。2现在完成时被动语态的否定式由“have has notbeen 及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：The car has not been repaired这辆汽车还没有修好。3现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式由“HaveHas 主语 been及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？Yes，it has是的，完成了。Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？No，they havent 不，还没有。4现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式由

4、“疑问词havehas主语 been及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？Who has been helped by the new computer？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？How many new words have been learned by the students？这些学生已经学会了多少单词？二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法1表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：The door has been locked门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人

5、能进去）2表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long？句型中。例如：名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 6 页 -人教版高中英语必修2 现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解(教师版)2/6 The old man has been looked after for twenty years.1 这位老人已受照顾20 年了。（可能还会被照顾下去）They have been told about it for many times 有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们）Ho

6、w long has the machine been used？这机器使用有多久了？三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题1现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have has 和 been，两者缺一不可。2只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。We have built many houses in the past ten years.Many houses have been built in the past ten years(by us).3带有双宾语的动词，如：give,send,bring,take,teach,show,sing,wri

7、te,read,sell,buy,tell,pay,lend,pass,promise 等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。We have given him the book.He has been given the book.The book has been given to him.4带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to 的不定式作宾补时，被动语态中要用带to 的不定式。I have told them to help you.They have been told to help you.I have

8、 made her work hard.She has been made to work hard(by me).5短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如：The orphan has been well looked after 这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。They have referred to the books.The books have been referred to(by them).He has thought of a way of doing it.A way of doing it has been though

9、t of(by him).6由 finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow，join，marry，open 等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long 等连用，而要改换动词或时态。例如：译：这本书买了多久了？误：How long has this book been bought？正：How long ago was this book bought？但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since 或 for 引导的时间段连用。例如：No books have been b

10、ought since last week 自上周以来，没有人来买过书。7注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时刻，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：The house was built last year 这房子是去年建造的。The house has been built这房子已经建好了。四、经典习题1.I cant see any coffee in this cupboard.(北京 2005 春)2 A.Has it all been finish

11、ed B.Was it all finished C.Has it all finished D.Did it all finish 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 6 页 -人教版高中英语必修2 现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解(教师版)3/6 2.Millions of pounds worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England lastnight.(重庆2005)A.has been caused B.had been caused C.will be caused D.wi

12、ll have been caused 3.More patients in hospital this year than last year.(江苏2004)A.treated B.have treated C.had been treated D.have been treated 4.The window is dirty.I know.It for weeks.(2004 全国卷)A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt clean C.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned【答案与解析】第 1 题的第一句话告诉我们，橱柜里看不到咖啡了（对现在造成

13、影响和结果），所以紧接着要问“咖啡已经被喝完了吗？”，故选 A。第 2 题的意思是“昨晚横扫英格兰北部的暴风雨已经造成了上百万英镑的损失”，这里强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响，故选A。第 3 题中的 patients 与 treat 之间是被动关系，排除A、B。根据时间状语this year 可知用现在完成时的被动语态，故选 D。第 4 题上句提到“窗户很脏”，所以下句应该是“窗户已经有数周没有被擦了”，故选 D。【课后练习】一、把下列句子变成被动语态1.Mary has locked the door.2.She has told me about the story.3.I have

14、 read this book many times.4.We have completed all the preparations for the task,and were ready to start.5.This company has produced new types of computers 6.They have interviewed several teachers for the job.7.George has sent some texts and pictures to his friends cell phone.8.They have developed s

15、ome programs for the human resource department of their company 9.Someone has put the book under the bench for more than two days.10.The typhoon has damaged the bridges because of its strong wind.二、改错1.A personal computer has bought by us.2.Many problems has been found with our new computer.3.The co

16、mputer was used every day since we bought it.4.Its said that this book has translated into Chinese.5.The new theater has been designing recently.三、单选选择1.-Flight 302 to London until 7:30 tomorrow morning.-No wonder I hear so many complaints from the passengers.Ahas been delayed Bdelay C delayed D wil

17、l be delayed 2.Great changes _ in the city,and a lot of factories _.A.have been taken place;have been set up B.have taken place;have been set up C.have taken place;have set up D.were taken place;were set up 3.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they before leav

18、ing their hometowns.3 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 6 页 -人教版高中英语必修2 现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解(教师版)4/6 A.promised B.were promised C.have promised D.have been promised 4.David and Vicky married?For about three years.A.How long were;being B.How long have;got C.How long have;been D.How long did;get 5.Tom was said

19、 to _ Mary for forty years.A.have been married to B.have married with C.has been married D.had married with 6.Paper money for over a thousand years.A.used B.has been used C.has used D.is using 7.We want to sit at the table near the window.Im sorry,but it already.A.has taken B.took C.was taken D.has

20、been taken 8.the letter to Mr.Black?No.Its still on the desk.A.Has;given B.Will;be given C.Was;given D.Has;been given 9.Great changes in my home town and a lot of factories.A.have been taken place;are being set up B.have taken place;have been set up C.are taken place;had been set up D.had taken plac

21、e;will be set up 10.So far,moon by man already.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited 11.With the help of high technology,more new substances in the past years.A.discovered B.have discovered C.had been discovered D.have been discovered 12.I got caught in the rain and my suit

22、.A.has ruined B.had ruined C.has been ruined D.had been ruined 13.Why does the lake smell terrible Because large quantities of water.A.have polluted B.is being polluted C.has been polluted D.have been polluted 14.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday yet.A.are not decided B.have not been de

23、cided C.is not being decided D.has not been decided 15.In recent years many football clubs as business to make a profit A.have run B.have been run C.had been run D.will run 16.No permission has for anybody to enter the building.A.been given B.gave C.given D.be give 17.By 2003,28 Chinese culture reli

24、cs on World Heritage List by UNESCO.A.be placed B.placed C.have been placed D.have placed 18.A lot of money to protect the old temple.A.have been spent B.has spent C.have spent D.has been spent 19.The Great Wall many times in history.A.is rebuilt B.has been rebuilt C.been rebuilt D.rebuilt 20.The St

25、onehenge existed for more than 3,000 years.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 6 页 -人教版高中英语必修2 现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解(教师版)5/6 4 A.is B.be C.has been D.have been 21.How many times not to play with fire?Im sorry.Ill never do that again.A.do you tell B.had you told C.are you told D.have you been told 22.The fire to

26、 the fifth floor all the people?A.has got;Have;been saved B.has been got;Have;saved C.has got;Do;save D.has got;Have;saved 23.Old paintings according to the descriptions.A.are carefully recreated B.have been carefully recreated C.have be recreated D.been carefully recreated 24.More visitors to Beiji

27、ng since the repair project.A.have brought;was completed B.have been brought;was completed C.have been brought;completed D.have brought;completed 25.It is true that many of the worlds greatest cities on the banks of a river.A.have been built B.have built C.are being built D.were built 26.Do you know

28、 the thief by the police?A.has caught B.has been catching C.was caught D.has been caught 27.It that Leshan Buddha is the biggest among the Buddhas that.A.was reported;have been found B.is reported;have found C.is reported;have been found D.was reported;had been found 28.Will you attend the meeting t

29、his afternoon?But I anything about that.A.hadnt told B.havent been told C.wasnt told D.wont tell 29.More patients in the hospital this year than last year.A.treated B.have treated C.had been treated D.have been treated 30.How many trees this year?A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.plan

30、ted【答案解析】一、将以下句子的主动形式改为被动形式1.The door has been locked.2.I have been told about the story.3.This book has been read many times.4.All the preparations for the task have been completed,and were ready to start.5.New types of computers has been produced.6.Several teachers have been interviewed for the jo

31、b.7.Some texts and pictures have been sent to Georges friends cell phone.8.Some programs for the human resource department of their company have been developed.9.The book has been put under the bench for more than two days.10.The bridges have been damaged by the typhoon because of its strong wind.二、

32、改错1.A personal computer has been bought by us.2.Many problems have been found with our new computer.5.The computer has been used every day since we bought it.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 6 页 -人教版高中英语必修2 现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解(教师版)6/6 4.Its said that this book has been translated into Chinese.5 5.The new t

33、heater has been designed recently.三、单项选择1.答案：A 解析：确定首句时态的关键信息在于-No wonder I hear so many complaints from the passengers.既然听到了乘客的抱怨，说明航班已经被推迟。也就是说，推迟这一动作发生在过去且已对现在产生影响，所以用现在完成时。2.答案：B 3.答案：D 解析：根据上文所用时态，下文应该用现在范畴的时态，排除A、B 两个答案，再考虑语态，选D 项。4.答案：C 解析：根据该对话中的时间状语for about three years 该题问的是动作持续了多久，用现在完成时，

34、排除 A、D 两项。get married 强调的是结婚这一动作，不能延续，故排除B 项。be married 表示已婚的状态，可以延续。故本题答案为C 项。5.答案：A 6.答案：B 解析：该题的时间状语for over a thousand years.，该问题已持续很长时间，用现在完成时。Money 是被使用的因此用被动语态，所以其他选项不完整。7.答案：D 解析：该对话的意思是“-我要坐那个靠窗户的位置，-对不起，那个位置已经有人了”。说的是那个位置已经被别人事先预定了，位置预定需要用被动，而预定这个动作已经完成，故用D.8.答案：D 解析：根据对话答语的副词still on the

35、desk 说明该动作还没有完成，所以问句问的是动作看是否已经完成？letter 和 given 之间又是被动关系，故选D 9.答案：B 解析：这句话的意思是说目前家乡已经发生了很大的变化，建起了很多工厂。这些动作都已经完成故用完成时态，变化和工厂做主语需要用被动语态，而take place 无被动形式，所以选B 10.答案：C 解析：so far 是和现在完成时连用的时间状语，方位月球，月球做主语要用被动语态，所以选 C。11.答案：:D 解析：in the past years 是和想在完成时态连用的时间状语，more new substances 做主语是被发现的，因此用现在完成时态的被动

36、语态。故选D.12答案：C 解析：这句话的意思是：我被困在大雨里，衣服被毁坏了。强调的是动作发生在过去对现在造成的影响，用完成时态。衣服是被雨水毁坏的，要用被动雨天，一次选C。13.答案:D 解析：这句话的大意是：湖水的味道难闻是由于大量的水污染造成的。水是被污染的，而这一结果到目前已经完成，故选D。14.答案：D 解析：yet 是和现在完成时连用的副词，二时间和地点的决定是人为的，因此要用被动语态，所以选 D。15.答案：B 解析：in recent years 是和想在完成时连用的时间状语，而足球俱乐部是由人来经营管理的要用被动语态，所以选B。16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C 21.D 22.A 23.B 24.B 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.D 30.C 6 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 6 页 -