2020餐饮连锁行业:从星巴克的成功之道看餐饮业估值的锚(42P).pdf
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1、 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和重要声明请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和重要声明 海海外外研研 究究 行行业业深深度度研研究究报报告告 证券研究报告证券研究报告 餐饮餐饮连锁连锁 推荐推荐 重点公司重点公司 评级评级 海底捞 审慎增持 呷哺呷哺 买入 九毛九 暂无评级 百胜中国 暂无评级 相关报告相关报告 港股社服行业 2021 年年度策略: 开店空间可期,推荐餐饮连锁龙头_20201109 港股社服行业 2020 年中期策略: 餐饮龙头确定性强,静待博彩重生_20200601 海外研究海外研究 分析师: 宋健 SFC:BMV912 SAC:S0190518010002 联系人: 周灵珮 SAC
2、: S0190119070056 投资要点投资要点 30 年年来来百百倍增长的倍增长的饮品饮品连锁连锁巨头巨头。星巴克成立于 1971 年,于 1992 年上市,截至 2019 年年底,星巴克在全球 81 个国家共有 31,256 家店,FY19 净利润35.99 亿美元,较 1996 年增长 86 倍。 星巴克星巴克的发展史的发展史:从高增速下的估值溢价到成熟后价值体现、高额分红。 1)初始初始(1971-1992) :婴儿潮一代消费能力提升,星巴克引进意式咖啡馆培育咖啡文化,建立了产品+环境+服务的沉浸式咖啡体验“第三空间” 。 2)发展发展(1992-2000) :版图版图扩扩张张,业绩
3、业绩+估值估值双击双击。星巴克可带动周边社区繁荣,形成“星巴克效应” ,使公司议价控本能力增强。公司亦国际化扩张,上市初期每年维持百余家开店,期间门店数及收入增 21 倍,PE 处 60 倍+。 3)调整调整(2000-2008) :重量不重质重量不重质,单店转跌单店转跌,估值,估值+业绩双杀业绩双杀。一味以特许经营店的低成本方式扩张未能保证门店品质和客户体验, 2008 年同店转跌,利润首次出现负增长,PE 下降至不足 15 倍。 4)重启重启(2008 至今至今) :重塑重塑体验,体验,PE 回归回归理性理性,紧抓新兴市场紧抓新兴市场,疫情下市,疫情下市值创新高值创新高。公司关闭落后门店并
4、重新专注于咖啡及门店体验,紧抓核心业务及新兴地区,回收中国直营、出售零售业务等。期间同店销售回归增长,估值修复。公司亦积极回馈股东、派息逐年增长,现金牛特点凸显。 星巴克星巴克的成功的成功在在其其全面的全面的底层底层支撑支撑及及符号符号般般的的品牌品牌文化文化。表面上星巴克的特别之处在于其文化的成功,即卖的不是咖啡,是生活方式及圈层认同。但从底层深挖,公司无论在员工管理、激励政策还是选址装修、供应链布局等都为公司文化输出提供了坚实的底层支撑。各方面的底层支撑塑造了强品牌,而品牌文化形成后则可进一步赋能底层发展:凭借品牌加强上下游议价、降本增效、提升议价,形成了价值创造+收益获得的生态闭环。 1
5、)赛道优赛道优:成瘾性、消费频次高、易标准等使星巴克易于复制扩张。 2)精准精准选址选址+供应链供应链布局布局:利用专业的房产部门及 GIS 系统对当地人流、教育收入水平、智能手机用户量等因素进行精准测算、高效选址。布局上游咖农种植中心、利用锁价合约等方式保障了稳定的原材料供应。 3)星巴克星巴克体验体验深入人心深入人心,品牌符号化,品牌符号化创造情绪创造情绪认同认同:星巴克的“第三空间”为忙碌的都市人群提供了介于家和公司的社交场所。 伴随其随处可见的门店,星巴克逐步成为精致生活的标签,手拿绿标杯象征了一种新时尚和精致生活态度,加深了消费者的情感链接。 4) 员工为企业员工为企业文化的文化的门
6、面门面, 本质在于激励和尊重, 本质在于激励和尊重。 星巴克员工期权计划完善,亦投入近 3 亿美元资助员工上大学。 每年有逾 20%的职位晋升来自内部招聘。公司经营权限亦下放,培养门店经理为决策人,加强人才储备。 5)强大的强大的会员会员系统系统。2015 年便推出 APP,通过星享俱乐部积分、饮品券等绑定粉丝、推广新品。FY19 星享系统占总收入的 40%,会员粘性极强。 启示:1、品类关键品类关键:易标准、普适性的品类可保障开店空间,短期决定餐企扩张速度,长期决定市值空间。2、餐饮餐饮前端为服务业前端为服务业,后端,后端制造业制造业。餐饮前端服务由激励政策决定,而后端供应布局决定了餐企效率
7、和扩张能力。3、符符号化号化”为为品牌品牌的的灵魂灵魂。如“星巴克不只卖的是咖啡,而是体验” ,特别的定位可打造鲜明的品牌记忆度。4、采用采用单单店店价值价值*开店空间开店空间的的方法方法为餐企估值为餐企估值。我国餐饮连锁化仍低,海底捞、太二及凑凑等优质连锁品牌门店数仍有较大增长空间。未来三年的高速发展确定性仍强,值得长期关注。 风险提示风险提示:竞争加剧;食品安全;门店扩张遇瓶颈;单店回报下降 title 从从星巴克星巴克的的成功之道成功之道看看餐饮业餐饮业估值估值的的锚锚 createTime1 2020 年年 12 月月 28 日日 请务必阅读正文之后的请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和重要
8、声明信息披露和重要声明 - 2 - 海外行业深度研究报告海外行业深度研究报告 Overweight (Maintained) Foodservice Contact Lingpei Zhou Analyst Songjian SFC:BMV912 SAC:S0190518010002 Achieved hundred times growth in 30 years. Founded in 1971 and went public in 1992, Starbucks has 31,256 stores in 81 countries by 2019. The net profit of FY
9、19 is $3.599 billion, an increase of 86 times compared to 1996. Starbucks history:From valuation premium to value stock with high dividend 1) Initial (1971-1992): Starbucks introduced Italian coffee shops to cultivate coffee culture and established the third space of immersive coffee experience. 2)
10、Developing (1992-2000): Davis double click. The entry of Starbucks can drive the prosperity of surrounding communities, forming the Starbucks effect, with strong bargaining power. The company also expanded internationally, driving stores and revenue increase 21 times, PE 60+. 3) Adjusting (2000-2008
11、): same-store performance declined, davis double killing. Many franchised stores failed to guarantee the quality and customer experience. In 2008, same-store sales declined, with the profit declining for the first time, and PE decreased to 15 times. 4) Restarting (since 2008): Strengthened advantage
12、s with emphasis on emerging market, PE returned to rational level. The company closed lagging stores and refocused on the coffee and store experience, strengthening its core business and emerging regions. During this period, the same store sales growth returned to positive and the valuation repairs.
13、 The company also actively rewarded shareholders with increasing dividend. The success of Starbucks is from systematic backstage support and symbolic brand. Starbucks is special in its culture, that it sells not only the coffee, but the lifestyle and identity. However, digging deep from the bottom,
14、the company provides solid bottom support in terms of employee management, incentive policies, site selection, decoration, and supply chain layout etc. The bottom support of all aspects shapes a strong brand, and the formation of brand culture can further empower the bottom development: strengthen t
15、he upstream and downstream bargaining by virtue of the brand, forming an sustainable development circle of value and profit creation. 1) Excellent track: Easy-to-be-addicted, high consumption frequency and easy-to-standarlize make Starbucks easy to expand. 2) Precise site selection + supply chain la
16、yout: GIS system is used for efficient site selection. The firm also has the layout in upstream planting center, with fiexed-price contract and other ways to ensure a stable supply of raw materials, which is the foundation for the expansion of the company. 3) Starbucks experience creates emotional i
17、dentification: Starbucks third space provides a social place other than home and office for the busy urban population. Starbucks has become the label of a refined, sophisticated life. Holding a green label mark cup symbolizes a kind of new style and life attitude, deepen the emotional link with cons
18、umers. 4) Staff is the key for sustaining the culture: Starbucks is one of the first company giving the option plan for employees. A nearly $300 million fund helps staff enter the college. Every year, more than 20% of the position promotion is within. Management authority is directed to store manage
19、rs as policymakers with strengthened talent pool. 5) A powerful member system. APP is introduced in 2015. It binds fans and promotes new products through Starbucks Rewards Club and drink coupons. Starbucks rewards system accounted for 40% of FY19 revenue. Enlightment. 1. Category: Only the category
20、that can easily to be standardized, addicted and accepted widely can have large store opening room. In the short term, it determines the expansion speed of catering enterprises. In the long term, it determines the market cap. 2. Caterings front-end is the service, the back-end is manufacturing. Fron
21、t service is determined by incentives, and the back-end supply layout decides the firms efficiency and expansion ability. 3.Signifying is the soul of the brand. For example, Starbucks is not only selling coffee, but the experience. A special positioning can create distinct brand memory. 4. Adopt the
22、 method of unit value * opening space method to value catering corporate. Dining chaining in China is still low, there is still a large room for growth for high-quality chaining stores like Hai Di Lao, Tai Er and Coucou. The rapid development of these brand is still secured, which is worth of attent
23、ion for a long time. Potential risks: Intensified Competition, Food Safty, Stores expansion fails expectation, Same-store revenue declines Seek the valuation anchor for foodservice business from the success of Starbucks 12/ /28/ /2020 NAqXrWsOoPoQ6MdN6MmOmMpNmNeRpPmPfQnNoM9PsQoPwMsPsPwMnMqN 请务必阅读正文之
24、后的请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和重要声明信息披露和重要声明 - 3 - 海外行业深度研究报告海外行业深度研究报告 目目 录录 1、 星巴克:全球最大的连锁咖啡饮品企业 . - 6 - 1.1、 公司概述:上市二十七年市值百倍增长 . - 6 - 1.2、 灵魂人物:卓越领袖霍华德舒尔兹 . - 7 - 2、 历史阶段及估值表现:从估值溢价到价值分红 . - 8 - 2.1、 初始阶段:咖啡文化伴随消费能力提升而崛起(1971-1992) . - 10 - 2.1.1、 历史背景:随着消费能力、生活品质提升,速溶咖啡成长到咖啡文化 . - 10 - 2.1.2、 经营表现:成倍增长时期,实现上
25、市 . - 11 - 2.2、 发展初期:版图快速扩张,持续享受估值溢价(1992-2000) . - 11 - 2.2.1、 经营表现:从国内到全球,门店数/净利润 CAGR 均超 46% . - 11 - 2.2.2、 估值表现:高增长伴随 60 倍 PE 的估值溢价 . - 14 - 2.3、 调整阶段:急速扩张下同店转跌,估值及业绩双杀(2000-2008) . - 15 - 2.3.1、 经营表现:全球扩张下经营不善,同店转跌 . - 15 - 2.3.2、 估值表现:同店转跌伴随估值大幅下挫 . - 18 - 2.4、 重启阶段:重塑星巴克体验,成熟后积极回馈股东(2008-201
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