2012年12月四级考试真题(1).doc
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1、如有需要下载第2套或3套的,请输入2012年12月四级真题(2)或(3)下载2012年12月大学英语四级真题(1)Part Writing (30 minutes)注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上,请在答题卡1上作答。Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled Education Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below (Weekly earnings of 2010). Please write a
2、t least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Education: A Worthy InvestmentWeekly earnings in 2010($)Doctoral degree1,5501,2721,038712626444Masters degreeBachelors degreeSome college, no degreeHigh school diplomaLess than high school degreeSource: U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsEducation Pays Part R
3、eading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complet
4、e the sentences with the information given in the passage.Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco? Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered a controlled substance just like alcohol and tobacco, argue a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisc
5、o (UCSF).In an opinion piece called “The Toxic (毒性的) Truth About Sugar” published Feb.1 in Nature, Robert Lustig, Laura Schmidt and Claire Brindis argue that its wrong to consider sugar just “empty calories.” They write: “There is nothing empty about these calories. A growing body of scientific evid
6、ence is showing that fructose (果糖) can trigger processes that lead to liver toxicity and a host of other chronic diseases. A little is not a problem, but a lot kills slowly.”Almost everyones heard of or personally experienced the well-known sugar high, so perhaps the comparison between sugar and alc
7、ohol or tobacco shouldnt come as a surprise. But its doubtful that Americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice. Were a nation thats sweet on sugar: the average U.S. adult downs 22 teaspoons of sugar a day, according to the American Heart Association, and surveys have found that
8、 teens swallow 34 teaspoons.To counter our consumption, the authors advocate taxing sugary foods and controlling sales to kids under 17. Already, 17% of U.S. children and teens are obese (肥胖), and across the world the sugar intake (摄入) has increased three times in the past 50 years. The increase has
9、 helped create a global obesity plague that contributes to 35 million annual deaths worldwide from noninfectious diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes. Linda Matzigkeit, a senior vice president at Childrens Healthcare, said “We have to do something about this or our country is in dan
10、ger. Its not good if your state has the second-highest obesity rate. Obese children turn into obese adults.”“There are good calories and bad calories, just as there are good fats and bad fats, good amino acids (氨基酸) and bad amino acids,” Lustig, director of the Weight Assessment for Teen and Child H
11、ealth program at UCSF, said in a statement. “But sugar is toxic beyond its calories.”The food industry tries to imply that “a calorie is a calorie is a calorie,” says Kelly Brownell, director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University. “But this and other research suggests the
12、re is something different about sugar,” says Brownell.The UCSF report emphasizes the metabolic (新陈代谢) effects of sugar. Excess sugar can alter metabolism, raise blood pressure, affect the signaling of hormones and damage the liver outcomes that sound suspiciously similar to what can happen after a p
13、erson drinks too much alcohol. Schmidt, co-chair of UCSFs Community Engagement and Health Policy program, noted on CNN: “When you think about it, this actually makes a lot of sense. Alcohol, after all, is simply made from sugar. Where does vodka come from? Sugar.”But there are also other areas of im
14、pact that researchers have investigated: the effect of sugar on the brain and how liquid calories are interpreted differently by the body than solids. Research has suggested that sugar activates the same reward pathways in the brain as traditional drugs of abuse like morphine or heroin. No one is cl
15、aiming the effect of sugar is quite that strong, but, says Brownell, “it helps confirm what people tell you sometimes, that they hunger for sugar and have withdrawal symptoms when they stop eating it.”Theres also something particularly tricky about sugary drinks. “When calories come in liquids, the
16、body doesnt feel as full,” says Brownell. “People are getting more of their calories than ever before from sugared drinks.”Other countries, including France, Greece and Denmark, impose soda taxes, and the concept is being considered in at least 20 U.S. cities and states. Last summer, Philadelphia ca
17、me close to passing a 2-cents-per-ounce soda tax. The Rudd Center has been a strong advocate of a more modest 1-cent-per-punce tax. But at least one study, from 2010, has raised doubts that soda taxes would result in significant weight loss: apparently people who are determined to eat and drink unhe
18、althily will find ways to do it. Teens no surprise are good at finding ways to get the things they cant have, so state policies banning all sugar-sweetened drinks from public schools and providing only water, milk or 100% fruit juices havent had the intended effect of steering kids away from drinkin
19、g sugared drinks: the average teen consumes about 300 calories per day thats nearly 15% of his daily calories in sweetened drinks, and the food and drink industry is only too happy to feed this need.Ultimately, regulating sugar will prove particularly tricky because it goes beyond health concerns; s
20、ugar, for so many people, is love. A plate of cut-up vegetables just doesnt pack the same emotional a cupcake and not an apple as an after-school treat today. We dont do that regularly its the first time this school year, actually and thats what made it special. As a society, could we ever reach the
21、 point where wed think apples not a cupcake are something to get excited over? Says Brindis, one of the reports authors and director of UCSFs Philip R.Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies: “We recognize that there are cultural and celebratory aspects of sugar. Changing these patterns is very comp
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