高考英语二轮复习：动词的时态复习讲义（素材）.docx

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1、动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。做题时要注意题干中给出的时间状语和谓语动词的时态，连接词and ,but ,although等所引出的句子关系以及准确地把握句子的隐含的意义。一 一般现在时1) 表示经常性习惯性动作，表示现在的状态，特征和真理。Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.2）表示已经预先计划安排的肯定将要发生的动作，句中带有表将来时间的状语。动词有come,go,start,begin,leave，stop ,return ,ope

2、n close等。The train leaves at three this afternoon.3）在时间，条件，方式，让步状语条件中，表示将来的动作。If you have any problem, please dont hesitate t ask your teacher.4）在某些表达法中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 There goes the bell! 二 一般过去时1）表示过去发生的和现在没有联系的动作或状态。-Has he graduated from Nanjing University?-Yes. He studied English for four y

3、ears.2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。They used to give thanks for their harvests and for life.3）从过去某一时间考虑，已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作。They had little time that evening as they started the next day.4）在时间，条件，方式，让步状语从句中表示过去将来的动作。She told me that she would not leave until I came back. 5）在一个句子中依自然顺序来叙述一系列过去动作时，全用一般过去时.The man

4、stood up, put on his hat and went away.三 一般将来时1 will(第一人称可用shall)1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与tomorrow ,next day ,in a few days等表示将来时间的状语连用。A new teacher will come tomorrow. 2）表示将来经常发生的动作。We shall go boating on Sundays. 3）表示说话时的临时决定。-Youve left the light on. -Oh, so I have .Ill go and turn it off.注意：条件状语从句中的

5、will表示“决心，意愿”，此时will 是情态动词表意愿。If you wont listen to us, just do as you please.2 “be to +动词原形”1）表示约定，计划或按职责，义务要求即将发生的动作。The sports meet is to take place on Sunday morning.2）表示命令，禁止或可能性。You are to stand here. Do you understand?3 “be going to +动词原形”1）常用于表示已经决定或安排要做的事。 He is going to be a doctor when he

6、 grows up. 2）表示某种迹象表明要发生的事。Youre going to be fat, so youd better stop eating chocolate.4 “be about +动词原形”表示“不久就要”不能与表示将来的时间状语连用但常与when连用。He was about to leave when he heard a strange sound.5某些动词如go ,come,stay,leave,start.begin等的一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。We start at six and arrive at the station at seven.6某些动词的

7、现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。Our headmaster is giving a report this afternoon注意：说话之前已经考虑过的用be going to, 说话时考虑到的用will A: Have you posted the letter for me? B: Sorry, I was going to do it yesterday. But there was an unexpected guest. A: It doesnt matter. I will post it myself. be going to 和 be to 都可用于表示按计划，安排即将发生的动

8、作，即人们意志所能控制的动作。而非人们主观所能安排的将来，只能用be going to 表示。Its going to rain.四 过去将来时1 表示从过去某一时间来看将来发生的动作或将要存在的状态。常用在主句的谓语为过去时态的宾从中。The students said they would go to visit the Great Wall the next week. 2 “were(was)+ to do”表示过去将来时间的安排，如果安排取消没有实现，用”were(was)to have done”表示。We were to have left at six last night.

9、3 表示过去习惯动作。People would get together to celebrate their harvest.五 现在进行时1 表示说话时正在进行而未完成的动作或状态I dont really work here; Im helping until the new secretary comes. 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行 She is reading a book this week.3 有时可表示即将发的动作,常有一个表示将来的时间。如come, stay, leave, start，begin, arrive, return, fly, dr

10、ive, do, have等动词。 They are coming back here in a few minutes.4 与 always,continually,constantly,never,constantly等频度状语连用，表示某种带有感情色彩的现阶段经常发生的动作。You are constantly finding fault with me.5 不用进行时态1）有些表示感觉，如see ,smell ,taste .feel, hear 等。 The apple tastes good.2）表示心理感情的词。如know, understand,love,like,hate,d

11、esire, wish, want等。I dont understand this sentence.6 现在进行时和一般现在时的主要区别：前者着眼点在描述动作；后者着眼点在说明事理，陈述情况。She is reading the newspaper. She reads the newspapers every day.六 过去进行时1表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。有时间或上下文来表示She was telephoning a friend when I came in.2表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。Shirley was writing about China last year

12、but I dont know whethershe has finished.3表示从过去某一时间的角度看将来要发生的动作，用于某些动作。（见现在进行时）They were leaving a few days later.4与always等频度副词连用，表示感情色彩As a boy, John Baird was always making things.5 两个动作同时进行，主从句都用进行时。 He was reading the newspaper while I was studying.注意：1过去进行时常表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，强调在这一过程中进行的动作或展

13、开的情景；而一般过去时则表示过去发生某一件事。He drew a picture yesterday afternoon. He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.七 现在完成时1 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。-Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all .Ive been here only a few minutes.2表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能持续下去的动作状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。Today ,this week,lately,during the

14、 last two weeks, since等. The country life he was used to has changed greatly since 1992.3表示在说话之前发生过的动作，这种动作也许发生过一次，也许发生过多次，成为一种经验。Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science has shown that people who dont sleep well soon get ill4 在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时代替将来完成时I shall go as soon as I have finished my

15、lesson.5在It is (will be) the first(second, third) + that分句结构中，that分句动词用现在完成时,that可省Dont forget, it will be the first time Ive spoken in public.注意： 1）现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，不能和表示过去的时间连用。一般过去时则只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系，和过去的时间连用。He has given up smoking, but a year ago he smoked 100 cigarettes a week. 2）现在完成时的谓语动词如

16、果是瞬间动词的肯定式，不能与表示一段时间的for短语及since短语（或从句）连用。It has been a month since he left home. 3）如果现在完成时的谓语动词是瞬间动词的否定式，可以和表示一段时间的for连用。 I havent seen you for a few days.八 过去完成时1 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。They had left before I returned.2表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minute

17、s when a bus finally came3由before ,after, as soon as等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接发生，由于这些连词本身已经说明两个动作的先后关系，主从句均可用一般过去时，从句也可用过去完成时。He left the room after he (had) turned off he light4 过去完成时也用与hardlywhen., no soonerthan (刚 就) 等一些固定句型中。He had no sooner gone to sleep than the telephone rang once more.5 动词hope,t

18、hink,expect,intend,mean,suppose,want等可用过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望，打算或意图I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being found.6在It was the first(second, third) + that分句结构中，分句动词用过去完成时,that可省It was the first time he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.九 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时由“+ +现在分词”构成，表示现在以前一直

19、在进行的动作。 -Im really tired out. -So am I .We have been having discussion for nearly two hours. 十 将来进行时 将来进行时由”shall/will +现在分词”构成。 1 表示在将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。 At this time tomorrow well be flying over the Atlantic. 2表示在将来某段时刻正在进行的动作。 Are you going to be studying this time next week? 3 表示即将或按计划在未来将要发生的动作。 The people of Beijing, and of the whole country, will be preparing to light the Olympic torch to welcome athletes and sports fans from all over the world.