牛津版（深圳 广州）英语九下 Unit 5 Sport 第3课时（Grammar语法）导学案（无答案）.doc

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1、第3课时 Grammar语法课堂语法精讲(一)动词的时态 目前我们使用的新教材中，同学们需要掌握六大时态，即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时和现在完成时。1.一般现在时 (1)概念：一般现在时主要表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也可表示现在的情况或状态以及永恒的真理。(2)句式结构：is/are+表语there be句型实义动词作谓语(3)常用的副词和时间状语有：always，usually，often，every day。 My mother often does housework.我妈妈经常做家务。2.一般过去时 (1)概念：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或

2、状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。(2)句式结构： was/were+表语there was/were实义动词作谓语(3)常用的时间状语有：yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，two days ago，just now等。 He visited the Great Wall yesterday.昨天他游览了长城。3.现在进行时 (1)概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 (2)句式结构：主语+am/is/are+现在分词 (3)常用的时态标志词有：now，at the moment，look，listen等。 He is wa

3、shing his car in the garden now.他现在正在花园里洗车。4.过去进行时(1)概念：表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 (2)句式结构：主语+was/were+现在分词 (3)常用的时间状语有：at nine oclock last night，at the time，at the moment，this time yesterday，from 8:00 to 9:00 last night以及when，while引导的时间状语从句等。 I was watering my flowers at nine yesterday morning.昨天

4、上午九点我在给花儿浇水。5.一般将来时(1)概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。(2)句式结构：will/shall动词原形be going to+动词原形现在进行时表将来(3)常用的时间状语有：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，in two hours，soon，in the future等。They will arrive here tomorrow.他们明天将会到达这里。6.现在完成时 (1)概念：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。还表示动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。(2)句式结构：主语+h

5、ave/has+过去分词 (3)常用的标志词和时间状语有：already，yet，ever，“for+时间段”或“since+表过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子”。He has studied English for ten years.他学英语已经十年了。(二)被动语态 英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态的句子中主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态的句子中主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，才能构成被动语态。1.各种时态被动语态的构成： 时态被动语态构成例句一般现在时am/is/are+doneThe classroom is cleaned every day.教室

6、每天被打扫。一般过去时was/were+doneThe dumplings were made yesterday.饺子是昨天包的。现在进行时am/is/are+being+doneThe room is being cleaned now.现在房间正在被打扫。过去进行时was/were+being+doneThe car was being repaired then.那时这辆小汽车正在被修理。现在完成时have/has+been+doneMy key hasnt been found yet.我的钥匙还没有找到。过去完成时had+been+doneThe two roads had bee

7、n built by the end of last month.到上个月末为止，两条公路被建成了。一般将来时shall/will+be+doneA new hospital will be built next year. 明年一个新的医院将被建成。过去将来时should/would+be+doneMike said a new film would be shown.迈克说一部新电影将上映。含有情态动词情态动词+be+doneThe work must be finished on time. 必须按时完成这项工作。2.被动语态的用法：(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some

8、new computers were stolen last night.昨晚一些新电脑被偷了。(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。The homework must be handed in on time.作业必须按时交上来。(3)说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态。常用句型：It is said that 据说 It is reported that .据报道It is hoped that希望 It is believed that 人们相信3.主动语态转化为被动语态的方法：(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语动词变为被动结构(be+过去分

9、词)，注意：虽然其人称和数随主语的变化而变化，但动词的时态保持不变。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，若主语是人称代词，则把主格变为宾语(by短语可以省略)。课堂精练.根据汉语意思，完成句子1.我现在不得不离开，我的朋友们正在外面等我。 I have to be off now. My friends _ _ outside.2.你去过游乐园吗?去过。我去年去了欢乐时光游乐园。 _ you ever _ _ an amusement park?Yes, I have. I _ _ Fun Times Amusement Park last year. 3.明天史密斯先生就要启程

10、去北京了。 Mr Smith _ _ for Beijing tomorrow. 4.会议因昨天的大雨而被推迟了。 The meeting _ _ _ because of the heavy rain yesterday. 5.自2003年以来，有多少位中国航天员被送入了太空？How many Chinese astronauts _ _ _ into space since 2003?6.这首歌被播放的时候，我想起了我的学生时代。 The song reminds me of my old school days as soon as it _ _.用所给单词的正确形式填空1. I can

11、t go out until my homework _ (finish).2. The sports meeting _ (hold) next month.3. So far, Tim _ (study) English for ten years.4. Turn off the water while you _ (brush) your teeth. 5. The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _ (invent). 6. I _ (do) my homework at 8 oclock last nig

12、ht.阅读填空请阅读全文，并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。A. Go for a journey.B. Wish you a wonderful time.C. Have fun with your parents.D. Regular exercise, much health.E. Dont sit in front of a computer alone.F. You cant depend on your family any longer.A long-expected vacation is coming. It is time for yo

13、u to take your mind off homework and prepare yourself for your future life. Here is some advice on how to make your vacation meaningful and colourful.Take exercise. 1._ You have worked hard most of the time so far. Therefore, you need to take part in outdoor activities, which can exercise your whole

14、 body.Learn some helpful life skills. One day, you will live alone. 2._ In order to deal with your personal matters in your own life, you should learn cooking, washing and other practical skills.3._ Travel to places of interest. You can find the culture there different from that of your hometown. Be

15、autiful scenery can also make you relaxed. Imagine that you are lying on the warm beach in bright sunshine, with the light sea wind gently blowing. Isnt it enjoyable and comfortable? Enjoy family time. Home is the best place in which you can have a rest and receive love from family members. 4._ Inst

16、ead, the whole family should spend some time watching a movie on the sofa together. Besides, its great fun for family members to gather around the table, discussing sports, clothes or other common topics. If you follow the advice above, your vacation must be full of joy and success. 5._课后巩固 请完成作业本相关练习